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Saga Y, Yamashita H, Hirota K. Introduction of perfluoroalkyl chain into the esterifying moiety of bacteriochlorophyll c in the green sulfur photosynthetic bacterium Chlorobaculum tepidum by pigment biosynthesis. Bioorg Med Chem 2016; 24:4165-4170. [PMID: 27427396 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmc.2016.07.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2016] [Revised: 07/02/2016] [Accepted: 07/04/2016] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
The green sulfur photosynthetic bacterium Chlorobaculum (Cba.) tepidum was grown in liquid cultures containing perfluoro-1-decanol, 1H,1H,2H,2H-heptadecafluoro-1-decanol [CF3(CF2)7(CH2)2OH] or 1H,1H-nonadecafluoro-1-decanol [CF3(CF2)8CH2OH], to introduce rigid and fluorophilic chains into the esterifying moiety of light-harvesting bacteriochlorophyll (BChl) c. Exogenous 1H,1H,2H,2H-heptadecafluoro-1-decanol was successfully attached to the 17(2)-carboxy group of bacteriochlorophyllide (BChlide) c in vivo: the relative ratio of the unnatural BChl c esterified with this perfluoroalcohol over the total BChl c was 10.3%. Heat treatment of the liquid medium containing 1H,1H,2H,2H-heptadecafluoro-1-decanol with β-cyclodextrin before inoculation increased the relative ratio of the BChl c derivative esterified with this alcohol in the total BChl c in Cba. tepidum. In a while, 1H,1H-nonadecafluoro-1-decanol was not attached to BChlide c in Cba. tepidum, which was grown by its supplementation. These results suggest that the rigidity close to the hydroxy group of the esterifying alcohol is not suitable for the recognition by the BChl c synthase called BchK in Cba. tepidum. The unnatural BChl c esterified with 1H,1H,2H,2H-heptadecafluoro-1-decanol participated in BChl c self-aggregates in chlorosomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yoshitaka Saga
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science and Engineering, Kindai University, Higashi-Osaka, Osaka 577-8502, Japan; PRESTO, Japan Science and Technology Agency, Kawaguchi, Saitama 332-0012, Japan.
| | - Hayato Yamashita
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science and Engineering, Kindai University, Higashi-Osaka, Osaka 577-8502, Japan
| | - Keiya Hirota
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science and Engineering, Kindai University, Higashi-Osaka, Osaka 577-8502, Japan
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2
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Dostál J, Vácha F, Pšenčík J, Zigmantas D. 2D Electronic Spectroscopy Reveals Excitonic Structure in the Baseplate of a Chlorosome. J Phys Chem Lett 2014; 5:1743-1747. [PMID: 26270377 DOI: 10.1021/jz5005279] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
In green photosynthetic bacteria, the chlorosome baseplate mediates excitation energy transfer from the interior of the light-harvesting chlorosome toward the reaction centers. However, the electronic states of the baseplate remain unexplored, hindering the mechanistic understanding of the baseplate as an excitation energy collector and mediator. Here we use two-dimensional spectroscopy to study the excited state structure and internal energy relaxation in the baseplate of green sulfur bacterium Chlorobaculum tepidum. We resolved an exciton system with four energy states, indicating that the organization of the pigments in the baseplate is more complex than was thought before and constitutes at least four bacteriochlorophyll molecules in a close contact. Based on the finding that the energy of the baseplate states is in the same range as in the adjacent Fenna-Matthews-Olson complex, we propose a "lateral" energy transfer pathway, where excitation energy can flow through the photosynthetic unit via all the states of individual complexes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jakub Dostál
- †Department of Chemical Physics, Lund University, P.O. Box 124, 221 00 Lund, Sweden
- ‡Faculty of Mathematics and Physics, Charles University in Prague, Ke Karlovu 3, 121 16 Prague, Czech Republic
| | - František Vácha
- §Faculty of Science, University of South Bohemia, Branišovská 31, 370 05 České Budějovice, Czech Republic
| | - Jakub Pšenčík
- ‡Faculty of Mathematics and Physics, Charles University in Prague, Ke Karlovu 3, 121 16 Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Donatas Zigmantas
- †Department of Chemical Physics, Lund University, P.O. Box 124, 221 00 Lund, Sweden
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3
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Dostál J, Mančal T, Vácha F, Pšenčík J, Zigmantas D. Unraveling the nature of coherent beatings in chlorosomes. J Chem Phys 2014; 140:115103. [DOI: 10.1063/1.4868557] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
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4
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Saga Y, Saiki T, Takahashi N, Shibata Y, Tamiaki H. Scrambled Self-Assembly of Bacteriochlorophyllscandein Aqueous Triton X-100 Micelles. Photochem Photobiol 2013; 90:552-9. [DOI: 10.1111/php.12219] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2013] [Accepted: 11/28/2013] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Yoshitaka Saga
- Department of Chemistry; Faculty of Science and Engineering; Kinki University; Higashi-Osaka Japan
| | - Tatsuya Saiki
- Department of Chemistry; Faculty of Science and Engineering; Kinki University; Higashi-Osaka Japan
| | - Naoya Takahashi
- Department of Chemistry; Faculty of Science and Engineering; Kinki University; Higashi-Osaka Japan
| | - Yutaka Shibata
- Department of Chemistry; Graduate School of Science; Tohoku University; Sendai Japan
| | - Hitoshi Tamiaki
- Graduate School of Life Sciences; Ritsumeikan University; Kusatsu Japan
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5
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Cyclopropane-ring formation in the acyl groups of chlorosome glycolipids is crucial for acid resistance of green bacterial antenna systems. Bioorg Med Chem 2013; 21:3689-94. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bmc.2013.04.030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2013] [Revised: 04/15/2013] [Accepted: 04/16/2013] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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6
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Dostál J, Mančal T, Augulis RN, Vácha F, Pšenčík J, Zigmantas D. Two-Dimensional Electronic Spectroscopy Reveals Ultrafast Energy Diffusion in Chlorosomes. J Am Chem Soc 2012; 134:11611-7. [DOI: 10.1021/ja3025627] [Citation(s) in RCA: 91] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Jakub Dostál
- Department of Chemical Physics, Lund University, Getingevägen 60, 221 00 Lund,
Sweden
- Faculty of Mathematics
and Physics, Charles University in Prague, Ke Karlovu 3, 121 16
Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Tomáš Mančal
- Faculty of Mathematics
and Physics, Charles University in Prague, Ke Karlovu 3, 121 16
Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Ramu-nas Augulis
- Department of Chemical Physics, Lund University, Getingevägen 60, 221 00 Lund,
Sweden
| | - František Vácha
- Faculty
of Science, University of South Bohemia, Branišovská
31, 370 05 České Budějovice, Czech Republic
| | - Jakub Pšenčík
- Faculty of Mathematics
and Physics, Charles University in Prague, Ke Karlovu 3, 121 16
Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Donatas Zigmantas
- Department of Chemical Physics, Lund University, Getingevägen 60, 221 00 Lund,
Sweden
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7
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Furumaki S, Vacha F, Habuchi S, Tsukatani Y, Bryant DA, Vacha M. Absorption linear dichroism measured directly on a single light-harvesting system: the role of disorder in chlorosomes of green photosynthetic bacteria. J Am Chem Soc 2011; 133:6703-10. [PMID: 21476570 DOI: 10.1021/ja111475z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Chlorosomes are light-harvesting antennae of photosynthetic bacteria containing large numbers of self-aggregated bacteriochlorophyll (BChl) molecules. They have developed unique photophysical properties that enable them to absorb light and transfer the excitation energy with very high efficiency. However, the molecular-level organization, that produces the photophysical properties of BChl molecules in the aggregates, is still not fully understood. One of the reasons is heterogeneity in the chlorosome structure which gives rise to a hierarchy of structural and energy disorder. In this report, we for the first time directly measure absorption linear dichroism (LD) on individual, isolated chlorosomes. Together with fluorescence-detected three-dimensional LD, these experiments reveal a large amount of disorder on the single-chlorosome level in the form of distributions of LD observables in chlorosomes from wild-type bacterium Chlorobaculum tepidum . Fluorescence spectral parameters, such as peak wavelength and bandwidth, are measures of the aggregate excitonic properties. These parameters obtained on individual chlorosomes are uncorrelated with the observed LD distributions and indicate that the observed disorder is due to inner structural disorder along the chlorosome long axis. The excitonic disorder that is also present is not manifested in the LD distributions. Limiting values of the LD parameter distributions, which are relatively free of the effect of structural disorder, define a range of angles at which the excitonic dipole moment is oriented with respect to the surface of the two-dimensional aggregate of BChl molecules. Experiments on chlorosomes of a triple mutant of Chlorobaculum tepidum show that the mutant chlorosomes have significantly less inner structural disorder and higher symmetry, compatible with a model of well-ordered concentric cylinders. Different values of the transition dipole moment orientations are consistent with a different molecular level organization of BChl's in the mutant and wild-type chlorosomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shu Furumaki
- Department of Organic and Polymeric Materials, Tokyo Institute of Technology, Ookayama 2-12-1-S8, Tokyo 152-8552, Japan
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8
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Self-aggregates of natural chlorophylls and their synthetic analogues in aqueous media for making light-harvesting systems. Coord Chem Rev 2010. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ccr.2009.12.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 113] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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9
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Furumaki S, Habuchi S, Vacha M. Fluorescence-detected three-dimensional linear dichroism: A method to determine absorption anisotropy in single sub-wavelength size nanoparticles. Chem Phys Lett 2010. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cplett.2010.01.055] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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10
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Linnanto JM, Korppi-Tommola JEI. Investigation on chlorosomal antenna geometries: tube, lamella and spiral-type self-aggregates. PHOTOSYNTHESIS RESEARCH 2008; 96:227-245. [PMID: 18443917 DOI: 10.1007/s11120-008-9304-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2007] [Accepted: 04/07/2008] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
Molecular mechanics calculations and exciton theory have been used to study pigment organization in chlorosomes of green bacteria. Single and double rod, multiple concentric rod, lamella, and Archimedean spiral macrostructures of bacteriochlorophyll c molecules were created and their spectral properties evaluated. The effects of length, width, diameter, and curvature of the macrostructures as well as orientations of monomeric transition dipole moment vectors on the spectral properties of the aggregates were studied. Calculated absorption, linear dichroism, and polarization dependent fluorescence-excitation spectra of the studied long macrostructures were practically identical, but circular dichroism spectra turned out to be very sensitive to geometry and monomeric transition dipole moment orientations of the aggregates. The simulations for long multiple rod and spiral-type macrostructures, observed in recent high-resolution electron microscopy images (Oostergetel et al., FEBS Lett 581:5435-5439, 2007) gave shapes of circular dichroism spectra observed experimentally for chlorosomes. It was shown that the ratio of total circular dichroism intensity to integrated absorption of the Q(y) transition is a good measure of degree of tubular structures in the chlorosomes. Calculations suggest that the broad Q(y) line width of chlorosomes of sulfur bacteria could be due to (1) different orientations of the transition moment vectors in multi-walled rod structures or (2) a variety of Bchl-aggregate structures in the chlorosomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juha M Linnanto
- Department of Chemistry, University of Jyväskylä, Jyväskylä, Finland.
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11
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Arellano JB, Torkkeli M, Tuma R, Laurinmäki P, Melø TB, Ikonen TP, Butcher SJ, Serimaa RE, Psencík J. Hexanol-induced order-disorder transitions in lamellar self-assembling aggregates of bacteriochlorophyll c in Chlorobium tepidum chlorosomes. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2008; 24:2035-2041. [PMID: 18197717 DOI: 10.1021/la703024e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
Chlorosomes are light-harvesting complexes of green photosynthetic bacteria. Chlorosomes contain bacteriochlorophyll (BChl) c, d, or e aggregates that exhibit strong excitonic coupling. The short-range order, which is responsible for the coupling, has been proposed to be augmented by pigment arrangement into undulated lamellar structures with spacing between 2 and 3 nm. Treatment of chlorosomes with hexanol reversibly converts the aggregated chlorosome chlorophylls into a form with spectral properties very similar to that of the monomer. Although this transition has been extensively studied, the structural basis remains unclear due to variability in the obtained morphologies. Here we investigated hexanol-induced structural changes in the lamellar organization of BChl c in chlorosomes from Chlorobium tepidum by a combination of X-ray scattering, electron cryomicroscopy, and optical spectroscopy. At a low hexanol/pigment ratio, the lamellae persisted in the presence of hexanol while the short-range order and exciton interactions between chlorin rings were effectively eliminated, producing a monomer-like absorption. The result suggested that hexanol hydroxyls solvated the chlorin rings while the aliphatic tail partitioned into the hydrophobic part of the lamellar structure. This partitioning extended the chlorosome along its long axis. Further increase of the hexanol/pigment ratio produced round pigment-hexanol droplets, which lost all lamellar order. After hexanol removal the spectral properties were restored. In the samples treated under the high hexanol/pigment ratio, lamellae reassembled in small domains after hexanol removal while the shape and long-range order were irreversibly lost. Thus, all the interactions required for establishing the short-range order by self-assembly are provided by BChl c molecules alone. However, the long-range order and overall shape are imposed by an external structure, e.g., the proteinaceous chlorosome baseplate.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juan B Arellano
- Instituto de Recursos Naturales y Agrobiología (IRNASA-CSIC), Apdo. 257, 37071 Salamanca, Spain
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12
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Walree CA, Sakuragi Y, Steensgaard DB, Bösinger CS, Frigaard NU, Cox RP, Holzwarth AR, Miller M. Effect of Alkaline Treatment on Bacteriochlorophyll a, Quinones and Energy Transfer in Chlorosomes from Chlorobium tepidum and Chlorobium phaeobacteroides. Photochem Photobiol 2008. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1751-1097.1999.tb03293.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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13
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Ball AS, Nedwell DB, Perkins RG. Oxidation of hydrogen sulphide in sour gas by Chlorobium limicola. Enzyme Microb Technol 2007. [DOI: 10.1016/j.enzmictec.2007.06.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
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Arellano JB, Bernt Melø T, Borrego CM, Naqvi KR. Bacteriochlorophyll e Monomers, but Not Aggregates, Sensitize Singlet Oxygen: Implications for a Self-photoprotection Mechanism in Chlorosomes¶. Photochem Photobiol 2007. [DOI: 10.1562/0031-8655(2002)0760373bembna2.0.co2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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15
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Arellano JB, Bernt Melø T, Borrego CM, Garcia-Gil J, Naqvi KR. Nanosecond Laser Photolysis Studies of Chlorosomes and Artificial Aggregates Containing Bacteriochlorophyll e: Evidence for the Proximity of Carotenoids and Bacteriochlorophyll a in Chlorosomes from Chlorobium phaeobacteroides strain CL1401¶. Photochem Photobiol 2007. [DOI: 10.1562/0031-8655(2000)0720669nlpsoc2.0.co2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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16
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Saga Y, Hirai Y, Tamiaki H. Kinetic analysis of demetalation of bacteriochlorophyllcandehomologs purified from green sulfur photosynthetic bacteria. FEBS Lett 2007; 581:1847-50. [DOI: 10.1016/j.febslet.2007.03.079] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2007] [Revised: 03/22/2007] [Accepted: 03/27/2007] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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17
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Milks KJ, Danielsen M, Persson S, Jensen ON, Cox RP, Miller M. Chlorosome proteins studied by MALDI-TOF-MS: topology of CsmA in Chlorobium tepidum. PHOTOSYNTHESIS RESEARCH 2005; 86:113-21. [PMID: 16172930 DOI: 10.1007/s11120-005-3757-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2004] [Accepted: 03/15/2005] [Indexed: 05/04/2023]
Abstract
Chlorosomes, the light-harvesting apparatus of green bacteria, are a unique antenna system, in which pigments are organized in aggregates rather than associated with proteins. Isolated chlorosomes from the green sulphur bacterium Chlorobium tepidum contain 10 surface-exposed proteins. Treatment of chlorosomes from Chlorobium tepidum with protease caused changes in the spectral properties of bacteriochlorophyll c and digestion of chlorosome proteins. Using SDS-PAGE analysis, immunoblotting and matrix-assisted laser desorption ionization time-of-flight mass spectrometry (MALDI-TOF-MS) we have investigated the topology of the 59-residue CsmA protein. Our results show that at the N-terminus, the only amino acid available for protease degradation is the methionine. At the C-terminus, amino acids can be removed by protease treatment to produce a residual protein containing at least the sequence between residues 2 and 38. These results indicate that the N-terminal portion of the CsmA protein, which is predicted to be mainly hydrophobic, is buried in the chlorosome envelope.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kirstin J Milks
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Southern Denmark, Campusvej 55, 5230, Odense M, Denmark
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Arellano JB, Melø TB, Borrego CM, Naqvi KR. Bacteriochlorophyll e monomers, but not aggregates, sensitize singlet oxygen: implications for a self-photoprotection mechanism in chlorosomes. Photochem Photobiol 2002; 76:373-80. [PMID: 12405142 DOI: 10.1562/0031-8655(2002)076<0373:bembna>2.0.co;2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Sensitization of singlet delta oxygen (O2(1delta(g))) by bacteriochlorophyll e (BChle) has been investigated to gain a better understanding of the photoprotection mechanism(s) operating in chlorosomes of green photosynthetic bacteria. The sensitization process has been studied in media where BChle forms monomers (acetone and aqueous solutions containing 0.5% Triton X-100 [TX]) and in systems where BChle aggregates, namely, aqueous solutions containing 0.003% monogalactosyl diglyceride (MGDG) and chlorosomes(control as well as hexanol perturbed) from Chlorobium phaeobacteroides strain CL1401. In Ar-purged acetone, BChle triplets (BChle triplets) have a lifetime of a few tens of microseconds; however, in air-saturated acetone, quenching of BChle triplets by ground-state oxygen (O2(3sigma(-)g)) and formation of O2(1delta(g)) take place. The O2(1delta(g)) so formed is susceptible to quenching by BChle0, a ground-state BChle molecule. A Stern-Volmer analysis reveals a linear fit between the decay rate of O2(1delta(g)) and the BChle concentration. The rate constants for the quenching of O2(1delta(g)) by BChle0 and for the deactivation of O2(1delta(g)) by the solvent come out to be kq = (1.4 +/- 0.1) x 10(9) M(-1) s(-1) and k0 = (18.5 +/- 0.7) x 10(3) s(-1), respectively. The absolute quantum yield of O2(1delta(g)) sensitization by BChle monomers is 0.65 +/- 0.15 in air-saturated acetone. In aqueous phase, the triplet lifetime of BChle aggregates in native or hexanol-perturbed chlorosomes shortens by more than two orders of magnitude when compared with the triplet lifetime of BChle monomers in 0.5% TX solution (a few hundreds of microseconds). Quenching by carotenoids (Car) makes only a minor contribution to the decay of BChle triplets in aggregates. Because O2(1delta(g)) sensitization by BChle triplets could be detected neither in MGDG aggregates nor in chlorosomes (control as well as hexanol perturbed), it is concluded that (1) this process is highly likely when BChle is present as a monomer but not when it is tightly packed in artificial aggregates or in chlorosomes; and (2) Car, though vital for the baseplate BChla, are dispensable for BChle.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juan B Arellano
- Department of Physics, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim.
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Carbonera D, Burzomato V, Bordignon E, Giacometti G, Agostini G, Heathcote P, Leech HK. Fluorescence and Absorption Detected Magnetic Resonance of Membranes from the Green Sulfur Bacterium Chlorobium limicola. Full Assignment of Detected Triplet States. J Phys Chem B 2002. [DOI: 10.1021/jp020181m] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Giancarlo Agostini
- CNR, Istituto di Chimica Biomolecolare, Sez. di Padova, via Marzolo 1, 35131 Padova, Italy
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20
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Prokhorenko VI, Holzwarth AR, Müller MG, Schaffner K, Miyatake T, Tamiaki H. Energy Transfer in Supramolecular Artificial Antennae Units of Synthetic Zinc Chlorins and Co-aggregated Energy Traps. A Time-Resolved Fluorescence Study,. J Phys Chem B 2002. [DOI: 10.1021/jp0125754] [Citation(s) in RCA: 70] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- V. I. Prokhorenko
- Max-Planck-Institut für Strahlenchemie, Postfach 101365, D-45413 Mülheim an der Ruhr, Germany, Department of Materials Chemistry, Faculty of Science and Technology, Ryukoku University, Otsu, Shiga, 520-2194, Japan, and Department of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Ritsumeikan University, Kusatsu, Shiga 525-8577, Japan
| | - A. R. Holzwarth
- Max-Planck-Institut für Strahlenchemie, Postfach 101365, D-45413 Mülheim an der Ruhr, Germany, Department of Materials Chemistry, Faculty of Science and Technology, Ryukoku University, Otsu, Shiga, 520-2194, Japan, and Department of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Ritsumeikan University, Kusatsu, Shiga 525-8577, Japan
| | - M. G. Müller
- Max-Planck-Institut für Strahlenchemie, Postfach 101365, D-45413 Mülheim an der Ruhr, Germany, Department of Materials Chemistry, Faculty of Science and Technology, Ryukoku University, Otsu, Shiga, 520-2194, Japan, and Department of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Ritsumeikan University, Kusatsu, Shiga 525-8577, Japan
| | - K. Schaffner
- Max-Planck-Institut für Strahlenchemie, Postfach 101365, D-45413 Mülheim an der Ruhr, Germany, Department of Materials Chemistry, Faculty of Science and Technology, Ryukoku University, Otsu, Shiga, 520-2194, Japan, and Department of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Ritsumeikan University, Kusatsu, Shiga 525-8577, Japan
| | - T. Miyatake
- Max-Planck-Institut für Strahlenchemie, Postfach 101365, D-45413 Mülheim an der Ruhr, Germany, Department of Materials Chemistry, Faculty of Science and Technology, Ryukoku University, Otsu, Shiga, 520-2194, Japan, and Department of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Ritsumeikan University, Kusatsu, Shiga 525-8577, Japan
| | - H. Tamiaki
- Max-Planck-Institut für Strahlenchemie, Postfach 101365, D-45413 Mülheim an der Ruhr, Germany, Department of Materials Chemistry, Faculty of Science and Technology, Ryukoku University, Otsu, Shiga, 520-2194, Japan, and Department of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Ritsumeikan University, Kusatsu, Shiga 525-8577, Japan
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Abstract
Zinc analogues of bacteriochlorophylls c and d self-assembled in aqueous media with phospholipids. A methanol solution of zinc chlorin and alpha-lecithin was put in a cellulose tube and the inner methanol solvent was gradually replaced with water by dialysis to form the self-assembled oligomers. Visible absorption spectra of the aqueous solution showed that zinc chlorins formed J-aggregates within the hydrophobic core of alpha-lecithin assemblies and that the supramolecular structure of the aggregates depended upon the stereochemistry at the 3(1)-position and the alkyl substituents at the 8-, 12-, and 17(4)-positions of the zinc chlorin. When the aqueous aggregates were prepared with a mixture of 3(1)-epimers and/or 8-, 12-, or 17(4)-homologues of zinc 3(1)-hydroxy-13(1)-oxochlorins, the structurally distinct components coaggregated to make scrambled oligomers. However, during the dialysis, zinc 3(1)-hydroxy- and 7(1)-hydroxy-13(1)-oxochlorins slowly individually aggregated to give two structurally different oligomer units in the cellulose tube. In contrast, if the two zinc chlorin components rapidly self-assembled in an aqueous medium, these components coaggregated to form scrambled oligomers. The present study shows that both the molecular structure of the pigments and the speed of the oligomerization determine the molecular arrangement in chlorosome-type self-assembled oligomers.
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Affiliation(s)
- T Miyatake
- Department of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Faculty of Science and Engineering, Ritsumeikan University, Kusatsu, Shiga 525-8577, Japan
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van Rossum BJ, Steensgaard DB, Mulder FM, Boender GJ, Schaffner K, Holzwarth AR, deGroot HJ. A refined model of the chlorosomal antennae of the green bacterium Chlorobium tepidum from proton chemical shift constraints obtained with high-field 2-D and 3-D MAS NMR dipolar correlation spectroscopy. Biochemistry 2001; 40:1587-95. [PMID: 11327817 DOI: 10.1021/bi0017529] [Citation(s) in RCA: 123] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Heteronuclear 2-D and 3-D magic-angle spinning NMR dipolar correlation spectroscopy was applied to determine solid-state (1)H shifts for aggregated bacteriochlorophyll c (BChl c) in uniformly (13)C-enriched light harvesting chlorosomes of the green photosynthetic bacterium Chlorobium tepidum. A complete assignment of 29 different observable resonances of the 61 protons of the aggregated BChl c in the intact chlorosomes is obtained. Aggregation shifts relative to monomeric BChl c in solution are detected for protons attached to rings I, II, and III/V and to their side chains. The 2(1)-H(3), 3(2)-H(3), and 3(1)-H resonances are shifted upfield by -2.2, -1, and -3.3 ppm, respectively, relative to monomeric BChl c in solution. Although the resonances are inhomogeneously broadened and reveal considerable global structural heterogeneity, the 5-CH and the 7-Me responses are doubled, which provides evidence for the existence of at least two relatively well-defined structurally different arrangements. Ab initio quantum chemical modeling studies were performed to refine a model for the self-assembled BChl c with two different types of BChl stacks. The BChl in the stacks can adopt either anti- or syn-configuration of the coordinative bond, where anti and syn designate the relative orientation of the Mg-OH bond relative to the direction of the 17-17(1) bond. The analogy between aggregation shifts for BChl c in the chlorosome and for self-assembled chlorophyll a/H(2)O is explored, and a bilayer model for the tubular supra-structure of sheets of BChl c is proposed, from a homology modeling approach.
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Affiliation(s)
- B J van Rossum
- Leiden Institute of Chemistry, Gorlaeus Laboratories, P.O. Box 9502, 2300 RA Leiden, The Netherlands
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Carbonera D, Bordignon E, Giacometti G, Agostini G, Vianelli A, Vannini C. Fluorescence and Absorption Detected Magnetic Resonance of Chlorosomes from Green BacteriaChlorobium tepidumandChloroflexus aurantiacus. A Comparative Study†. J Phys Chem B 2001. [DOI: 10.1021/jp001778+] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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24
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Arellano JB, Melø TB, Borrego CM, Garcia-Gil J, Naqvi KR. Nanosecond laser photolysis studies of chlorosomes and artificial aggregates containing bacteriochlorophyll e: evidence for the proximity of carotenoids and bacteriochlorophyll a in chlorosomes from Chlorobium phaeobacteroides strain CL1401. Photochem Photobiol 2000; 72:669-75. [PMID: 11107853 DOI: 10.1562/0031-8655(2000)072<0669:nlpsoc>2.0.co;2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Time-resolved, laser-induced changes in absorbance, delta A(lambda; t), have been recorded with a view to probing pigment-pigment interactions in chlorosomes (control as well as carotenoid-depleted) and artificial aggregates of bacteriochlorophyll e (BChle). Control chlorosomes were isolated from Chlorobium phaeobacteroides strain CL1401, whose chromophores comprise BChle, bacteriochlorophyll a (BChla) and several carotenoid (Car) pigments; Car-depleted chlorosomes, from cells grown in cultures containing 2-hydroxybiphenyl. Artificial aggregates were prepared by dispersing BChle in aqueous phase in the presence of monogalactosyl diglyceride. In chlorosomes delta A(lambda; t) shows, besides a signal attributable to triplet Car (with a half-life of about 4 microseconds), signals in the Qy regions of both BChl. The BChla signal decays at the same rate as the Car signal, which is explained by postulating that some Car are in intimate contact with some baseplate BChla pigments, and that when a ground-state Car changes into a triplet Car, the absorption spectrum of its BChla neighbors undergoes a concomitant change (termed transient environment-induced perturbation). The signal in the Qy-region of BChle behaves differently: its amplitude falls, under reducing conditions, by more than a factor of two during the first 0.5 microsecond (a period during which the Car signal suffers negligible diminution), and is much smaller under nonreducing conditions. The BChle signal is also attributed to transient environment-induced perturbation, but in this case the perturber is a BChle photoproduct (probably a triplet or a radical ion). The absence of long-lived BChle triplets in all three systems, and of long-lived BChla triplets in chlorosomes, indicates that BChle in densely packed assemblies is less vulnerable to photodamage than monomeric BChle and that, in chlorosome, BChla rather than BChle needs, and receives, photoprotection from an adjacent Car.
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Affiliation(s)
- J B Arellano
- Department of Physics, Norwegian University of Science and Technology (NTNU), Trondheim, Norway.
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Prokhorenko VI, Steensgaard DB, Holzwarth AR. Exciton dynamics in the chlorosomal antennae of the green bacteria Chloroflexus aurantiacus and Chlorobium tepidum. Biophys J 2000; 79:2105-20. [PMID: 11023914 PMCID: PMC1301100 DOI: 10.1016/s0006-3495(00)76458-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 145] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
The energy transfer processes in isolated chlorosomes from green bacteria Chlorobium tepidum and Chloroflexus aurantiacus have been studied at low temperatures (1.27 K) by two-pulse photon echo and one-color transient absorption techniques with approximately 100 fs resolution. The decay of the coherence in both types of chlorosomes is characterized by four different dephasing times stretching from approximately 100 fs up to 300 ps. The fastest component reflects dephasing that is due to interaction of bacteriochlorophylls with the phonon bath, whereas the other components correspond to dephasing due to different energy transfer processes such as distribution of excitation along the rod-like aggregates, energy exchange between different rods in the chlorosome, and energy transfer to the base plate. As a basis for the interpretation of the excitation dephasing and energy transfer pathways, a superlattice-like structural model is proposed based on recent experimental data and computer modeling of the Bchl c aggregates (1994. Photosynth. Res. 41:225-233.) This model predicts a fine structure of the Q(y) absorption band that is fully supported by the present photon echo data.
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Affiliation(s)
- V I Prokhorenko
- Max-Planck-Institut für Strahlenchemie, D-45413, Mülheim a.d. Ruhr, Germany
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Steensgaard DB, van Walree CA, Permentier H, Bañeras L, Borrego CM, Garcia-Gil J, Aartsma TJ, Amesz J, Holzwarth AR. Fast energy transfer between BChl d and BChl c in chlorosomes of the green sulfur bacterium Chlorobium limicola. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA 2000; 1457:71-80. [PMID: 10692551 DOI: 10.1016/s0005-2728(99)00112-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
We have studied energy transfer in chlorosomes of Chlorobium limicola UdG6040 containing a mixture of about 50% bacteriochlorophyll (BChl) c and BChl d each. BChl d-depleted chlorosomes were obtained by acid treatment. The energy transfer between the different pigment pools was studied using both steady-state and time-resolved fluorescence spectroscopy at room temperature and low temperature. The steady-state emission of the intact chlorosome originated mainly from BChl c, as judged by comparison of fluorescence emission spectra of intact and BChl d-depleted chlorosomes. This indicated that efficient energy transfer from BChl d to BChl c takes place. At room temperature BChl c/d to BChl a excitation energy transfer (EET) was characterized by two components of 27 and 74 ps. At low temperature we could also observe EET from BChl d to BChl c with a time constant of approximately 4 ps. Kinetic modeling of the low temperature data indicated heterogeneous fluorescence kinetics and suggested the presence of an additional BChl c pool, E790, which is more or less decoupled from the baseplate BChl a. This E790 pool is either a low-lying exciton state of BChl c which acts as a trap at low temperature or alternatively represents the red edge of a broad inhomogeneous absorption band of BChl c. We present a refined model for the organization of the spatially separated pigment pools in chlorosomes of Cb. limicola UdG6040 in which BChl d is situated distal and BChl c proximal with respect to the baseplate.
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Affiliation(s)
- D B Steensgaard
- Max-Planck-Institut für Strahlenchemie, Stiftstrasse 34-36, D-45470, Mülheim an der Ruhr, Germany
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Persson S, Sönksen CP, Frigaard NU, Cox RP, Roepstorff P, Miller M. Pigments and proteins in green bacterial chlorosomes studied by matrix-assisted laser desorption ionization mass spectrometry. EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF BIOCHEMISTRY 2000; 267:450-6. [PMID: 10632714 DOI: 10.1046/j.1432-1327.2000.01019.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
We have used matrix-assisted laser desorption ionization time-of-flight mass spectrometry (MALDI-TOF-MS) for mass determination of pigments and proteins in chlorosomes, the light-harvesting organelles from the photosynthetic green sulfur bacterium Chlorobium tepidum. By applying a small volume (1 microL) of a concentrated suspension of isolated chlorosomes directly to the target of the mass spectrometer we have been able to detect bacteriochlorophyll a and all the major homologs of bacteriochlorophyll c. The peak heights of the different bacteriochlorophyll c homologs in the MALDI spectra were proportional to peak areas obtained from HPLC analysis of the same sample. The same result was also obtained when whole cells of Chl. tepidum were applied to the target, indicating that MALDI-MS can provide a rapid method for obtaining a semiquantitative determination or finger-print of the bacteriochlorophyll homologs in a small amount of green bacterial cells. In addition to information on pigments, the MALDI spectra also contained peaks from chlorosome proteins. Thus we have been able with high precision to confirm the molecular masses of the chlorosome proteins CsmA and CsmE which have been previously determined by conventional biochemical and genetic methods, and demonstrate the presence of truncated versions of CsmA and CsmB.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Persson
- Institute of Biochemistry, SDU Odense University, Denmark
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Sakuragi Y, Frigaard N, Shimada K, Matsuura K. Association of bacteriochlorophyll a with the CsmA protein in chlorosomes of the photosynthetic green filamentous bacterium Chloroflexus aurantiacus. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA 1999; 1413:172-80. [PMID: 10556629 DOI: 10.1016/s0005-2728(99)00092-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
The protein assumed to be associated with bacteriochlorophyll (BChl) a in chlorosomes from the photosynthetic green filamentous bacterium Chloroflexus aurantiacus was investigated by alkaline treatment, proteolytic digestion and a new treatment using 1-hexanol, sodium cholate and Triton X-100. Upon alkaline treatment, only the 5.7 kDa CsmA protein was removed from the chlorosomes among six proteins detected by sodium dodecyl sulfate polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (SDS-PAGE) analysis, concomitantly with the disappearance of BChl a absorption at 795 nm. Trypsin treatment removed two proteins with molecular masses of 11 and 18 kDa (CsmN and CmsM), whereas the spectral properties of BChl a and BChl c were not changed. By the new hexanol-detergent (HD) treatment, most BChl c and all of the detected proteins except CsmA were removed from the chlorosomes without changing the BChl a spectral properties. Subsequent proteinase K treatment of these HD-treated chlorosomes caused digestion of CsmA and a simultaneous decrease of the BChl a absorption band. Based on these results, we suggest that CsmA is associated with BChl a in the chlorosomes. This suggestion was supported by the measured stoichiometric ratio of BChl a to CsmA in isolated chlorosomes, which was estimated to be between 1.2 and 2.7 by amino acid analysis of the SDS-PAGE-resolved protein bands.
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Affiliation(s)
- Y Sakuragi
- Department of Biology, Tokyo Metropolitan University, Minamiosawa 1-1, Hachioji, Tokyo, Japan
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Ishii T, Uehara K, Ozaki Y, Mimuro M. The Effects of pH and Ionic Strength on the Aggregation of Bacteriochlorophyll c in Aqueous Organic Media: The Possibility of Two Kinds of Aggregates. Photochem Photobiol 1999. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1751-1097.1999.tb08280.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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Tamiaki H, Takeuchi S, Tsudzuki S, Miyatake T, Tanikaga R. Self-aggregation of synthetic zinc chlorins with a chiral 1-hydroxyethyl group as a model for in vivo epimeric bacteriochlorophyll-c and d aggregates. Tetrahedron 1998. [DOI: 10.1016/s0040-4020(98)00338-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 132] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
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31
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Ptak A, Dudkowiak A, Frąckowiak D. Photoelectrical properties of green bacteria cells and cell fragments located in electrochemical cell. J Photochem Photobiol A Chem 1998. [DOI: 10.1016/s1010-6030(98)00232-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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32
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