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Louhi P, Pettinau L, Härkönen LS, Anttila K, Huusko A. Carryover effects of environmental stressors influence the life performance of brown trout. Ecosphere 2023. [DOI: 10.1002/ecs2.4361] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
| | - Luca Pettinau
- Department of Biology University of Turku Turku Finland
| | | | - Katja Anttila
- Department of Biology University of Turku Turku Finland
| | - Ari Huusko
- Natural Resources Institute Finland Paltamo Finland
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O'Sullivan RJ, Aykanat T, Johnston SE, Rogan G, Poole R, Prodöhl PA, de Eyto E, Primmer CR, McGinnity P, Reed TE. Captive-bred Atlantic salmon released into the wild have fewer offspring than wild-bred fish and decrease population productivity. Proc Biol Sci 2020; 287:20201671. [PMID: 33081620 PMCID: PMC7661298 DOI: 10.1098/rspb.2020.1671] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
The release of captive-bred animals into the wild is commonly practised to restore or supplement wild populations but comes with a suite of ecological and genetic consequences. Vast numbers of hatchery-reared fish are released annually, ostensibly to restore/enhance wild populations or provide greater angling returns. While previous studies have shown that captive-bred fish perform poorly in the wild relative to wild-bred conspecifics, few have measured individual lifetime reproductive success (LRS) and how this affects population productivity. Here, we analyse data on Atlantic salmon from an intensely studied catchment into which varying numbers of captive-bred fish have escaped/been released and potentially bred over several decades. Using a molecular pedigree, we demonstrate that, on average, the LRS of captive-bred individuals was only 36% that of wild-bred individuals. A significant LRS difference remained after excluding individuals that left no surviving offspring, some of which might have simply failed to spawn, consistent with transgenerational effects on offspring survival. The annual productivity of the mixed population (wild-bred plus captive-bred) was lower in years where captive-bred fish comprised a greater fraction of potential spawners. These results bolster previous empirical and theoretical findings that intentional stocking, or non-intentional escapees, threaten, rather than enhance, recipient natural populations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ronan James O'Sullivan
- School of Biological, Earth and Environmental Sciences, University College Cork, Distillery Fields, North Mall, Cork, Ireland.,Environmental Research Institute, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland
| | - Tutku Aykanat
- Organismal and Evolutionary Biology Research Program, Faculty of Biological and Environmental Sciences, University of Helsinki, PO Box 56, 00014 Helsinki, Finland
| | | | - Ger Rogan
- Marine Institute, Furnace, Newport, Mayo, Ireland
| | | | - Paulo A Prodöhl
- Institute for Global Food Security, School of Biological Sciences, Medical Biology Centre, Queen's University Belfast, Belfast, UK
| | | | - Craig R Primmer
- Organismal and Evolutionary Biology Research Program, Faculty of Biological and Environmental Sciences, University of Helsinki, PO Box 56, 00014 Helsinki, Finland.,Institute of Biotechnology, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Philip McGinnity
- School of Biological, Earth and Environmental Sciences, University College Cork, Distillery Fields, North Mall, Cork, Ireland.,Environmental Research Institute, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland.,Marine Institute, Furnace, Newport, Mayo, Ireland
| | - Thomas Eric Reed
- School of Biological, Earth and Environmental Sciences, University College Cork, Distillery Fields, North Mall, Cork, Ireland.,Environmental Research Institute, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland
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Smith TB, Kinnison MT, Strauss SY, Fuller TL, Carroll SP. Prescriptive Evolution to Conserve and Manage Biodiversity. ANNUAL REVIEW OF ECOLOGY EVOLUTION AND SYSTEMATICS 2014. [DOI: 10.1146/annurev-ecolsys-120213-091747] [Citation(s) in RCA: 79] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
We are witnessing a global, but unplanned, evolutionary experiment with the biodiversity of the planet. Anthropogenic disturbances such as habitat degradation and climate change result in evolutionary mismatch between the environments to which species are adapted and those in which they now exist. The impacts of unmanaged evolution are pervasive, but approaches to address them have received little attention. We review the evolutionary challenges of managing populations in the Anthropocene and introduce the concept of prescriptive evolution, which considers how evolutionary processes may be leveraged to proactively promote wise management. We advocate the planned management of evolutionary processes and explore the advantages of evolutionary interventions to preserve and sustain biodiversity. We show how an evolutionary perspective to conserving biodiversity is fundamental to effective management. Finally, we advocate building frameworks for decision-making, monitoring, and implementation at the boundary between management and evolutionary science to enhance conservation outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas B. Smith
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, University of California, Los Angeles, California 90095
- Institute of the Environment and Sustainability, University of California, Los Angeles, California 90095
| | | | - Sharon Y. Strauss
- Department of Evolution and Ecology and Center for Population Biology, University of California, Davis, California 95616
| | - Trevon L. Fuller
- Institute of the Environment and Sustainability, University of California, Los Angeles, California 90095
| | - Scott P. Carroll
- Department of Entomology, University of California and Institute for Contemporary Evolution, Davis, California 95616
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Bernatchez L, Tseng M. Evolutionary applications summer 2011. Evol Appl 2011; 4:617-20. [PMID: 25568009 PMCID: PMC3352538 DOI: 10.1111/j.1752-4571.2011.00205.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/01/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Louis Bernatchez
- Département de biologie, Université Laval Québec, QC, Canada e-mail:
| | - Michelle Tseng
- Department of Zoology, University of British Columbia Vancouver, BC, Canada e-mail:
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