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Rojas P, de Hoz R, Ramírez AI, Ferreras A, Salobrar-Garcia E, Muñoz-Blanco JL, Urcelay-Segura JL, Salazar JJ, Ramírez JM. Changes in Retinal OCT and Their Correlations with Neurological Disability in Early ALS Patients, a Follow-Up Study. Brain Sci 2019; 9:brainsci9120337. [PMID: 31771268 PMCID: PMC6955774 DOI: 10.3390/brainsci9120337] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2019] [Revised: 11/12/2019] [Accepted: 11/21/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND To compare early visual changes in amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) patients with healthy controls in a baseline exploration, to follow-up the patients after 6 months, and to correlate these visual changes with neurological disability. METHODS All patients underwent a comprehensive neurological and ophthalmological examination. A linear mixed analysis and Bonferroni p-value correction were performed, testing four comparisons as follows: Control baseline vs. control follow-up, control baseline vs. ALS baseline, control follow-up vs. ALS follow-up, and ALS baseline vs. ALS follow-up. RESULTS The mean time from the diagnosis was 10.80 ± 5.5 months. The analysis of the optical coherence tomography (OCT) showed: (1) In ALS baseline vs. control baseline, a macular significantly increased thickness of the inner macular ring temporal and inferior areas; (2) in ALS follow-up vs. ALS baseline, a significant macular thinning in the inner and outer macular ring inferior areas; (3) in ALS follow-up vs. ALS baseline, a significant peripapillary retinal nerve fiber layer (pRNFL) thinning in the superior and inferior quadrants; and (4) ALS patients showed a moderate correlation between some OCT pRNFL parameters and Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis Functional Rating Scale-Revised (ALSFRS-R) score. CONCLUSION The OCT showed retinal changes in patients with motoneuron disease and could serve as a complementary tool for studying ALS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pilar Rojas
- General University Hospital Gregorio Marañón, Ophthalmic Institute of Madrid, 28007 Madrid, Spain; (P.R.); (J.L.U.-S.)
- Ramón Castroviejo Ophthalmological Research Institute, Complutense University of Madrid, 28040 Madrid, Spain; (R.d.H.); (A.I.R.); (E.S.-G.)
| | - Rosa de Hoz
- Ramón Castroviejo Ophthalmological Research Institute, Complutense University of Madrid, 28040 Madrid, Spain; (R.d.H.); (A.I.R.); (E.S.-G.)
- Department of Immunology, Ophthalmology and Otorhinolaryngology, School of Optics and Optometry, Complutense University of Madrid, 28037 Madrid, Spain
| | - Ana I. Ramírez
- Ramón Castroviejo Ophthalmological Research Institute, Complutense University of Madrid, 28040 Madrid, Spain; (R.d.H.); (A.I.R.); (E.S.-G.)
- Department of Immunology, Ophthalmology and Otorhinolaryngology, School of Optics and Optometry, Complutense University of Madrid, 28037 Madrid, Spain
| | - Antonio Ferreras
- Miguel Servet University Hospital, Aragonese Institute of Health Sciences, 50009 Zaragoza, Spain;
| | - Elena Salobrar-Garcia
- Ramón Castroviejo Ophthalmological Research Institute, Complutense University of Madrid, 28040 Madrid, Spain; (R.d.H.); (A.I.R.); (E.S.-G.)
- Department of Immunology, Ophthalmology and Otorhinolaryngology, School of Medicine, Complutense University, 28040 Madrid, Spain
| | - José L. Muñoz-Blanco
- Department of Neurology, ALS-Neuromuscular Unit, Gregorio Marañón Health Research Institute, 28007 Madrid, Spain;
| | - José L. Urcelay-Segura
- General University Hospital Gregorio Marañón, Ophthalmic Institute of Madrid, 28007 Madrid, Spain; (P.R.); (J.L.U.-S.)
- Department of Immunology, Ophthalmology and Otorhinolaryngology, School of Medicine, Complutense University, 28040 Madrid, Spain
| | - Juan J. Salazar
- Ramón Castroviejo Ophthalmological Research Institute, Complutense University of Madrid, 28040 Madrid, Spain; (R.d.H.); (A.I.R.); (E.S.-G.)
- Department of Immunology, Ophthalmology and Otorhinolaryngology, School of Optics and Optometry, Complutense University of Madrid, 28037 Madrid, Spain
- Correspondence: (J.J.S.); (J.M.R.)
| | - José M. Ramírez
- Ramón Castroviejo Ophthalmological Research Institute, Complutense University of Madrid, 28040 Madrid, Spain; (R.d.H.); (A.I.R.); (E.S.-G.)
- Department of Immunology, Ophthalmology and Otorhinolaryngology, School of Medicine, Complutense University, 28040 Madrid, Spain
- Correspondence: (J.J.S.); (J.M.R.)
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