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Alvarez AH. Revisiting tuberculosis screening: An insight to complementary diagnosis and prospective molecular approaches for the recognition of the dormant TB infection in human and cattle hosts. Microbiol Res 2021; 252:126853. [PMID: 34536677 DOI: 10.1016/j.micres.2021.126853] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2021] [Revised: 08/21/2021] [Accepted: 08/22/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Tuberculosis (TB) is defined as a chronic infection in both human and cattle hosts and many subclinical cases remain undetected. After the pathogen is inhaled by a host, phagocyted bacilli can persist inside macrophages surviving intracellularly. Hosts develop granulomatous lesions in the lungs or lymph nodes, limiting infection. However, bacilli become persister cells. Immunological diagnosis of TB is performed basically by routine tuberculin skin test (TST), and in some cases, by ancillary interferon-gamma release assay (IGRA). The concept of human latent TB infection (LTBI) by M. tuberculosis is recognized in cohorts without symptoms by routine clinical diagnostic tests, and nowadays IGRA tests are used to confirm LTBI with either active or latent specific antigens of M. tuberculosis. On the other hand, dormant infection in cattle by M. bovis has not been described by TST or IGRA testing as complications occur by cross-reactive immune responses to homolog antigens of environmental mycobacteria or a false-negative test by anergic states of a wained bovine immunity, evidencing the need for deciphering more specific biomarkers by new-generation platforms of analysis for detection of M. bovis dormant infection. The study and description of bovine latent TB infection (boLTBI) would permit the recognition of hidden animal infection with an increase in the sensitivity of routine tests for an accurate estimation of infected dairy cattle. Evidence of immunological and experimental analysis of LTBI should be taken into account to improve the study and the description of the still neglected boLTBI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Angel H Alvarez
- Centro de Investigación y Asistencia en Tecnología y diseño del Estado de Jalisco A.C. (CIATEJ), Consejo Nacional de Ciencia y Tecnología (CONACYT), Av. Normalistas 800 C.P. 44270, Guadalajara, Jalisco, Mexico.
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Sabio Y García J, Bigi MM, Klepp LI, García EA, Blanco FC, Bigi F. Does Mycobacterium bovis persist in cattle in a non-replicative latent state as Mycobacterium tuberculosis in human beings? Vet Microbiol 2020; 247:108758. [PMID: 32768211 DOI: 10.1016/j.vetmic.2020.108758] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2020] [Revised: 06/11/2020] [Accepted: 06/12/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Members of the Mycobacterium tuberculosis complex (MTBC) are responsible for tuberculosis in several mammals. In this complex, Mycobacterium tuberculosis and Mycobacterium bovis, which are closely related, show host preference for humans and cattle, respectively. Although human and bovine tuberculosis are clinically similar, M. tuberculosis mostly causes latent infection in humans, whereas M. bovis frequently leads to an acute infection in cattle. This review attempts to connect the pathology in experimental animal models as well as the cellular responses to M. bovis and M. tuberculosis regarding the differences in protein expression and regulatory mechanisms of both pathogens that could explain their apparent divergent latency behaviour. The occurrence of latent bovine tuberculosis (bTB) would represent a serious complication for the eradication of the disease in cattle, with the risk of onward transmission to humans. Thus, understanding the physiological events that may lead to the state of latency in bTB could assist in the development of appropriate prevention and control tools.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julia Sabio Y García
- (Instituto de Biotecnología-IABIMO, INTA-CONICET), Institute of Biotechnology-IABIMO, National Institute of Agricultural Technology (INTA) and National Scientific and Technical Research Council (CONICET), Argentina.
| | - María M Bigi
- (Universidad de Buenos Aires, Facultad de Agronomía), University of Buenos Aires, School of Agronomy Facultad de Agronomía, UBA, Buenos Aires Argentina.
| | - Laura I Klepp
- (Instituto de Biotecnología-IABIMO, INTA-CONICET), Institute of Biotechnology-IABIMO, National Institute of Agricultural Technology (INTA) and National Scientific and Technical Research Council (CONICET), Argentina.
| | - Elizabeth A García
- (Instituto de Biotecnología-IABIMO, INTA-CONICET), Institute of Biotechnology-IABIMO, National Institute of Agricultural Technology (INTA) and National Scientific and Technical Research Council (CONICET), Argentina.
| | - Federico C Blanco
- (Instituto de Biotecnología-IABIMO, INTA-CONICET), Institute of Biotechnology-IABIMO, National Institute of Agricultural Technology (INTA) and National Scientific and Technical Research Council (CONICET), Argentina.
| | - Fabiana Bigi
- (Instituto de Biotecnología-IABIMO, INTA-CONICET), Institute of Biotechnology-IABIMO, National Institute of Agricultural Technology (INTA) and National Scientific and Technical Research Council (CONICET), Argentina.
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Nuñez-Garcia J, Downs SH, Parry JE, Abernethy DA, Broughan JM, Cameron AR, Cook AJ, de la Rua-Domenech R, Goodchild AV, Gunn J, More SJ, Rhodes S, Rolfe S, Sharp M, Upton PA, Vordermeier HM, Watson E, Welsh M, Whelan AO, Woolliams JA, Clifton-Hadley RS, Greiner M. Meta-analyses of the sensitivity and specificity of ante-mortem and post-mortem diagnostic tests for bovine tuberculosis in the UK and Ireland. Prev Vet Med 2017; 153:94-107. [PMID: 28347519 DOI: 10.1016/j.prevetmed.2017.02.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 89] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2016] [Revised: 01/07/2017] [Accepted: 02/26/2017] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
Bovine Tuberculosis (bTB) in cattle is a global health problem and eradication of the disease requires accurate estimates of diagnostic test performance to optimize their efficiency. The objective of this study was, through statistical meta-analyses, to obtain estimates of sensitivity (Se) and specificity (Sp), for 14 different ante-mortem and post-mortem diagnostic tests for bTB in cattle. Using data from a systematic review of the scientific literature (published 1934-2009) diagnostic Se and Sp were estimated using Bayesian logistic regression models adjusting for confounding factors. Random effect terms were used to account for unexplained heterogeneity. Parameters in the models were implemented using Markov Chain Monte Carlo (MCMC), and posterior distributions for the diagnostic parameters with adjustment for covariates (confounding factors) were obtained using the inverse logit function. Estimates for Se and/or Sp of the tuberculin skin tests and the IFN-γ blood test were compared with estimates published 2010-2015. Median Se for the single intradermal comparative cervical tuberculin skin (SICCT) test (standard interpretation) was 0.50 and Bayesian credible intervals (CrI) were wide (95% CrI 0.26, 0.78). Median Sp for the SICCT test was 1.00 (95% CrI 0.99, 1.00). Estimates for the IFN-γ blood test Bovine Purified Protein Derivative (PPD)-Avian PPD and Early Secreted Antigen target 6 and Culture Filtrate Protein 10 (ESAT-6/CFP10) ESAT6/CFP10 were 0.67 (95% CrI 0.49, 0.82) and 0.78 (95% CrI 0.60, 0.90) respectively for Se, and 0.98 (95% CrI 0.96, 0.99) and 0.99 (95% CrI 0.99, 1.00) for Sp. The study provides an overview of the accuracy of a range of contemporary diagnostic tests for bTB in cattle. Better understanding of diagnostic test performance is essential for the design of effective control strategies and their evaluation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Javier Nuñez-Garcia
- Animal and Plant Health Agency (APHA), Weybridge, Surrey KT15 3NB, United Kingdom
| | - Sara H Downs
- Animal and Plant Health Agency (APHA), Weybridge, Surrey KT15 3NB, United Kingdom.
| | - Jessica E Parry
- Animal and Plant Health Agency (APHA), Weybridge, Surrey KT15 3NB, United Kingdom
| | - Darrell A Abernethy
- Veterinary Service, Department of Agriculture and Rural Development, Belfast BT4 3SB, United Kingdom; Faculty of Veterinary Science, University of Pretoria, South Africa
| | - Jennifer M Broughan
- Animal and Plant Health Agency (APHA), Weybridge, Surrey KT15 3NB, United Kingdom
| | - Angus R Cameron
- AusVet Animal Health Services Pty Ltd., PO Box 3180, South Brisbane, Qld 4101, Australia
| | - Alasdair J Cook
- Animal and Plant Health Agency (APHA), Weybridge, Surrey KT15 3NB, United Kingdom; Department of Veterinary Epidemiology, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of Surrey, GU2 7AL, United Kingdom
| | - Ricardo de la Rua-Domenech
- Advice Services, APHA, and Bovine Tuberculosis Programme, Department for Environment, Food and Rural Affairs, London SW1P 3JR, United Kingdom
| | - Anthony V Goodchild
- Animal and Plant Health Agency (APHA), Weybridge, Surrey KT15 3NB, United Kingdom
| | - Jane Gunn
- Animal and Plant Health Agency (APHA), Weybridge, Surrey KT15 3NB, United Kingdom
| | - Simon J More
- Centre for Veterinary Epidemiology and Risk Analysis, UCD School of Veterinary Medicine, University College Dublin, Belfield, Dublin 4, Ireland
| | - Shelley Rhodes
- Animal and Plant Health Agency (APHA), Weybridge, Surrey KT15 3NB, United Kingdom
| | - Simon Rolfe
- Office of the Chief Veterinary Officer, Welsh Government, Cardiff CF10 3NQ, United Kingdom
| | - Michael Sharp
- Animal and Plant Health Agency (APHA), Weybridge, Surrey KT15 3NB, United Kingdom
| | - Paul A Upton
- Animal and Plant Health Agency (APHA), Weybridge, Surrey KT15 3NB, United Kingdom
| | - H Martin Vordermeier
- Animal and Plant Health Agency (APHA), Weybridge, Surrey KT15 3NB, United Kingdom
| | - Eamon Watson
- Animal and Plant Health Agency (APHA), Weybridge, Surrey KT15 3NB, United Kingdom; National Milk Laboratories, Wiltshire SN15 1BN, United Kingdom
| | - Michael Welsh
- Veterinary Sciences Division, Agri-Food & Biosciences Institute (AFBI), Belfast BT4 3SD, United Kingdom; CSO SISAF Ltd., Northern Ireland Science Park, Unit 15A The Innovation Centre, Belfast BT3 9DT, United Kingdom
| | - Adam O Whelan
- Animal and Plant Health Agency (APHA), Weybridge, Surrey KT15 3NB, United Kingdom; Microbiology, Dstl, Porton Down, SP4 0JQ, United Kingdom
| | - John A Woolliams
- The Roslin Institute, Roslin Biocentre, Roslin, Midlothian EH25 9PS, United Kingdom
| | | | - Matthias Greiner
- Federal Institute for Risk assessment (BfR), D-10589 Berlin, and Veterinary University Hannover, Foundation, Germany
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Ramos DF, Silva PEA, Dellagostin OA. Diagnosis of bovine tuberculosis: review of main techniques. BRAZ J BIOL 2015; 75:830-7. [DOI: 10.1590/1519-6984.23613] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2013] [Accepted: 07/07/2014] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract Bovine tuberculosis (BTB) remains an important economic and zoonotic problem in Latin America. Traditionally, the fight against BTB is initiated by the implementation of routine diagnostic tests for certification of free properties. The diagnosis of BTB can be made by direct and indirect methods, in which we can mention clinical, post mortem, histopathological, immunological, bacteriological and molecular methods. The renewal of scientific interest in tuberculosis in recent year has led to develop and improve methods of diagnosis, prevention, control and eradication of BTB. The aim of this review is to present and discuss different diagnosis methods of BTB.
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Akhtar F, Javed MT, Khan MN, Akhtar P, Hussain SM, Aslam MS, Kausar R, Qamar M, Cagiola M. The use of PCR technique in the identification of Mycobacterium species responsible for bovine tuberculosis in cattle and buffaloes in Pakistan. Trop Anim Health Prod 2015; 47:1169-75. [PMID: 25953024 DOI: 10.1007/s11250-015-0844-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2014] [Accepted: 04/28/2015] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Abstract
Bovine tuberculosis is one of the important diseases of dairy and wild animals. The disease is prevalent all over the world, though developed countries have tremendously reduced the prevalence through eradication campaigns. The prevalence of disease in Pakistan on the basis of tuberculin testing or culture isolation of the organism has been reported previously. It is, however, important to use the latest diagnostic tools, i.e. PCR to confirm the type of Mycobacterium infecting the animals in Pakistan. Therefore, the present study was carried out to assess the utility of direct PCR on milk samples and nasal swabs to confirm the type of Mycobacterium infecting the animals. This study was carried out on 215 cattle and buffaloes of more than 2 years of age present at two livestock farms. The tuberculin results showed 22.5% prevalence at one farm and 25.9% at the other with an overall prevalence of 24.7%. The 92.5% of milk samples and/or nasal swabs showed positive PCR for Mycobacterium genus, 86.8% for Mycobacterium tuberculosis complex and 77.4% for Mycobacterium bovis. The M. bovis by PCR was detected in 13.2% of milk samples, 24.5% of nasal swabs and 39.6% of both milk samples + nasal swabs. The results suggested that there are 60% higher chance for a nasal swab to yield a positive PCR for M. bovis than the milk sample. It can be concluded from the present study that tuberculin testing is a useful method in studying the prevalence of disease as the PCR for Mycobacterium genus was positive in 92.5%, M. tuberculosis complex in 86.8% and Mycobacterium bovis in 77.4% cases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Farah Akhtar
- Department of Pathology, Faculty of Veterinary Science, University of Agriculture, Faisalabad, Pakistan
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Ramos DF, Silva ABS, Fagundes MQ, von Groll A, da Silva PEA, Dellagostin OA. Molecular typing of Mycobacterium bovis isolated in the south of Brazil. Braz J Microbiol 2014; 45:657-60. [PMID: 25242955 PMCID: PMC4166296 DOI: 10.1590/s1517-83822014000200039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2013] [Accepted: 09/09/2013] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Bovine tuberculosis is a major infectious disease of the cattle. In this study, 85 M. bovis isolates from 162 lymph nodes, obtained from a herd of cattle on a farm in southern Brazil, were evaluated using spoligotyping and VNTR. The strains were grouped into five clusters and five orphans, showing a heterogenic genetic profile, what could represent diverse geographic origins of the introduced cows and/or the frequent movement of cattle between different properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniela Fernandes Ramos
- Núcleo de Biotecnologia Centro de Desenvolvimento Tecnológico Universidade Federal de Pelotas PelotasRS Brazil Núcleo de Biotecnologia, Centro de Desenvolvimento Tecnológico, Universidade Federal de Pelotas, Pelotas, RS, Brazil
| | - Ana Bárbara Scholante Silva
- Laboratório de Micobactérias Faculdade de Medicina Universidade Federal de Rio Grande Rio GrandeRS Brazil Laboratório de Micobactérias, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade Federal de Rio Grande, Rio Grande, RS, Brazil
| | - Michel Quevedo Fagundes
- Núcleo de Biotecnologia Centro de Desenvolvimento Tecnológico Universidade Federal de Pelotas PelotasRS Brazil Núcleo de Biotecnologia, Centro de Desenvolvimento Tecnológico, Universidade Federal de Pelotas, Pelotas, RS, Brazil
| | - Andrea von Groll
- Laboratório de Micobactérias Faculdade de Medicina Universidade Federal de Rio Grande Rio GrandeRS Brazil Laboratório de Micobactérias, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade Federal de Rio Grande, Rio Grande, RS, Brazil
| | - Pedro Eduardo Almeida da Silva
- Laboratório de Micobactérias Faculdade de Medicina Universidade Federal de Rio Grande Rio GrandeRS Brazil Laboratório de Micobactérias, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade Federal de Rio Grande, Rio Grande, RS, Brazil
| | - Odir Antônio Dellagostin
- Núcleo de Biotecnologia Centro de Desenvolvimento Tecnológico Universidade Federal de Pelotas PelotasRS Brazil Núcleo de Biotecnologia, Centro de Desenvolvimento Tecnológico, Universidade Federal de Pelotas, Pelotas, RS, Brazil
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Furlanetto LV, Figueiredo EE, Conte Júnior CA, Carvalho RC, Silva FG, Silva JT, Lilenbaum W, Paschoalin VM. Uso de métodos complementares na inspeção post mortem de carcaças com suspeita de tuberculose bovina. PESQUISA VETERINÁRIA BRASILEIRA 2012. [DOI: 10.1590/s0100-736x2012001100011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
O objetivo foi utilizar métodos complementares de diagnóstico (histopatológicos, bacteriológicos e moleculares), no julgamento de lesões suspeitas de tuberculose observadas durante a inspeção post mortem de rotina em abatedouros. Foi acompanhado o abate e a inspeção de 41.193 bovinos, sadios ao exame ante mortem, em sete abatedouros no estado de Mato Grosso. Carcaças de 198 (0,48%) animais apresentaram lesões, sendo 182 (92,0%) classificadas como granulomatosas ou piogranulomatosas na avaliação histopatológica. Entretanto, na baciloscopia, não foi evidenciada a presença de bacilo álcool-ácido resistente (BAAR). Mycobacterium bovis foi isolado em três (1,5%) lesões, provenientes de linfonodos retrofaringeanos de bovinos com até três anos de idade. Quando usado a PCR múltipla (m-PCR) diretamente nos fragmentos de tecido, detectou-se a presença de DNA de M. bovis em 14 (7,0%) lesões, incluindo as três amostras identificadas na análise bacteriológica. O julgamento das lesões pelo exame macroscópico concordou em 93,0% (184/198) com os resultados obtidos por meio da PCR. A fim de evitar equívocos durante a avaliação, principalmente das lesões paucibacilares, como as encontradas neste estudo, recomenda-se a utilização de testes complementares rápidos e confirmatórios. A m-PCR, associada à inspeção post mortem de rotina, demonstrou ser uma técnica promissora para a vigilância da tuberculose bovina em abatedouros, contribuindo para o sucesso do programa de erradicação da tuberculose bovina.
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Furlanetto L, Figueiredo E, Conte Júnior C, Silva F, Duarte R, Silva J, Lilenbaum W, Paschoalin V. Prevalência de tuberculose bovina em animais e rebanhos abatidos em 2009 no estado de Mato Grosso, Brasil. ARQ BRAS MED VET ZOO 2012. [DOI: 10.1590/s0102-09352012000200004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Estimou-se a prevalência de tuberculose em bovinos, e em seus respectivos rebanhos, abatidos em 2009 no estado de Mato Grosso, utilizando como diagnóstico confirmatório o exame bacteriológico e o molecular a partir de fragmentos de tecidos lesionados. Nos sete abatedouros selecionados, detentores de serviço de inspeção federal (SIF), foram inspecionados 41.193 bovinos, sadios ao exame ante mortem, procedentes de 492 rebanhos originários de 85 (60%) municípios mato-grossenses. Um total de 198 carcaças apresentaram lesões suspeitas. Apenas três carcaças (3/198) apresentaram lesões confirmadas como tuberculosas pelos diagnósticos laboratoriais. A prevalência aparente de tuberculose bovina em animais e rebanhos abatidos no estado de Mato Grosso foi de 0,007% [IC 95% = -0,001%; 0,016%] e 0,61% [IC 95% = -0,08%; 1,30%], respectivamente. O estado do Mato Grosso possui, naturalmente, um status sanitário considerado de baixa prevalência.
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Whelan C, Shuralev E, Kwok HF, Kenny K, Duignan A, Good M, Davis WC, Clarke J. Use of a multiplex enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay to detect a subpopulation of Mycobacterium bovis-infected animals deemed negative or inconclusive by the single intradermal comparative tuberculin skin test. J Vet Diagn Invest 2012; 23:499-503. [PMID: 21908278 DOI: 10.1177/1040638711403410] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Although the single intradermal comparative tuberculin skin test (SICTT) remains the most effective assay for detecting cattle infected with Mycobacterium bovis, not all infected animals are detected with the SICTT. This has made it difficult to control bovine tuberculosis using a single assay. Use of the gamma interferon assay in conjunction with the SICTT has improved the level of detection but some infected animals still go undetected. This could be in part attributable to both assays being reliant on a cell-mediated immune response. The present study was undertaken to determine if a multiplex assay can improve the level of detection of infected animals when used in combination with the SICTT. The Enferplex TB assay is a multi-antigen ELISA designed for the detection of antibody in animals at different stages of infection and disease. Sixty cattle that were confirmed by histopathology and/or culture to be infected with M. bovis and that were SICTT negative (43.3%) or difficult to evaluate (56.7% inconclusive) were used in the study. Fifty-three (88.3%) of the animals were positive in multiplex ELISA. The results show that the level of detection of M. bovis-infected animals can be improved by the combined use of the SICTT and the multiplex ELISA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Clare Whelan
- Enfer Scientific, Unit T, Newhall, Naas, Co. Kildare, Ireland
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Medeiros L, Marassi CD, Duarte RS, da Silva MG, Lilenbaum W. Comparison of decontamination methods for primary isolation of Mycobacterium bovis in paucibacillary bovine tissues. Lett Appl Microbiol 2011; 54:182-6. [PMID: 22118726 DOI: 10.1111/j.1472-765x.2011.03185.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
AIMS To compare three decontamination methods applied to paucibacillary samples for primary isolation of Mycobacterium bovis from suspect lesions. Tuberculosis caused by Myco. bovis is an important infectious disease of cattle in Brazil and also has zoonotic potential. Although a national campaign based on testing and slaughtering cattle has achieved good results, there is a strong need to develop better diagnostic methods to identify cattle with recent infections harbouring few bacilli. METHODS AND RESULTS A dairy herd (274 adult crossbred cows) located in the state of Rio de Janeiro was tested for tuberculosis with both single intradermal tuberculin test and comparative intradermal tuberculin test. Reactive cows (n=27, 9.8%) were slaughtered and suspect lesions were collected (one sample per cow). Samples considered paucibacillary (based on microscopy) were decontaminated with 0.75% hexadecylpyridinium chloride (HPC), 4% sodium hydroxide (Petroff) or 6% sulphuric acid. Using these methods, 10, five and six, respectively, of the 27 samples yielded positive cultures. Overall, Myco.bovis was isolated from 14 of 24 cows. Although the HPC method resulted in isolation of more Myco.bovis strains than either Petroff or sulphuric acid methods (P=0.015), it did not result in the recovery of Myco.bovis from all samples. However, using both HPC and 6% sulphuric acid methods for decontamination was possible to identify 13 of 14 (92·9%) of infected cows. CONCLUSIONS At least two methods should be used concurrently for primary isolation of Myco. bovis from bovine tissues, particularly for paucibacillary samples. SIGNIFICANCE AND IMPACT OF THE STUDY Detection of low numbers of Myco.bovis in tissue is an important goal in optimizing the detection of bovine tuberculosis and should assist in identification of infected cattle, in particular, those with few Myco.bovis bacilli. This was apparently the first study comparing three decontamination methods for the detection of Myco.bovis in paucibacillary samples from naturally infected cattle.
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Affiliation(s)
- L Medeiros
- Universidade Federal Fluminense, Laboratório de Bacteriologia Veterinária, Rua Hernani Mello, Niterói-RJ, Brazil.
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Proaño-Pérez F, Benitez-Ortiz W, Desmecht D, Coral M, Ortiz J, Ron L, Portaels F, Rigouts L, Linden A. Post-mortem examination and laboratory-based analysis for the diagnosis of bovine tuberculosis among dairy cattle in Ecuador. Prev Vet Med 2011; 101:65-72. [DOI: 10.1016/j.prevetmed.2011.04.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2010] [Revised: 04/26/2011] [Accepted: 04/29/2011] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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Meikle V, Bianco MV, Blanco FC, Gioffré A, Garbaccio S, Vagnoni L, Di Rienzo J, Canal A, Bigi F, Cataldi A. Evaluation of pathogenesis caused in cattle and guinea pig by a Mycobacterium bovis strain isolated from wild boar. BMC Vet Res 2011; 7:37. [PMID: 21745408 PMCID: PMC3152892 DOI: 10.1186/1746-6148-7-37] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2011] [Accepted: 07/12/2011] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND In many regions of the world, wild mammals act as reservoir of Mycobacterium bovis, a situation that prevents the eradication of bovine tuberculosis. In order to observe whether a strain isolated from a wild boar, previously tested as highly virulent in a mice model, is also virulent in cattle, we performed cattle experimental inoculation with this strain RESULTS Groups of Friesian calves were either infected with the wild boar strain M. bovis 04-303 or with the bovine strain NCTC10772 as a control. We found that antigen-specific IFN-γ release in whole blood samples occurred earlier in animals infected with M. bovis 04-303. Both M. bovis strains resulted in a positive skin test, with animals infected with the wild boar isolate showing a stronger response. These results and the presence of more severe organ lesions, with granuloma and pneumonic areas in cattle demonstrate that the wild boar isolate is more virulent than the NCTC10772 strain. Additionally, we tested the infectivity of the M. bovis strains in guinea pigs and found that M. bovis 04-303 had the highest pathogenicity. CONCLUSIONS M. bovis strains isolated from wild boars may be pathogenic for cattle, producing TB lesions.
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de Souza Figueiredo EE, Carvalho RCT, Silvestre FG, Lilenbaum W, Fonseca LS, Silva JT, Paschoalin VMF. Detection of Mycobacterium bovis DNA in nasal swabs from tuberculous cattle by a multiplex PCR. Braz J Microbiol 2010; 41:386-90. [PMID: 24031509 PMCID: PMC3768681 DOI: 10.1590/s1517-838220100002000020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2009] [Accepted: 10/06/2009] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Detection of tuberculosis in cattle relies on the intradermal tuberculin test (ITT), but a definitive diagnosis requires identification of the pathogen after the animal is slaughtered. DNA in nasal swabs from 50 cows was analyzed by m-PCR, targeting for the RvD1-Rv2031c and IS6110 sequences. M. bovis was identified in two of 34 tuberculous cows (5.9%). The use of mPCR of nasal swabs as an in vivo diagnostic tool for bovine tuberculosis is suggested.
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Aguilar León D, Zumárraga MJ, Jiménez Oropeza R, Gioffré AK, Bernardelli A, Orozco Estévez H, Cataldi AA, Hernández Pando R. Mycobacterium bovis with different genotypes and from different hosts induce dissimilar immunopathological lesions in a mouse model of tuberculosis. Clin Exp Immunol 2009; 157:139-47. [PMID: 19659779 DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2249.2009.03923.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/03/2023] Open
Abstract
With the hypothesis that genetic variability of Mycobacterium bovis could influence virulence and immunopathology, five M. bovis strains were selected from an epidemiological study in Argentina on the basis of their prevalence in cattle and occurrence in other species. We then determined the virulence and the immunopathology evoked by these strains in a well-characterized mouse model of progressive pulmonary tuberculosis. The reference strain AN5 was used as a control. BALB/c mice infected with this M. bovis reference strain showed 50% survival after 4 months of infection, with moderate bacillary counts in the lung. Two weeks after inoculation, it induced a strong inflammatory response with numerous granulomas and progressive pneumonia. In contrast, strain 04-303, isolated from a wild boar, was the most lethal and its most striking feature was sudden pneumonia with extensive necrosis. Strain 04-302, also isolated from wild boar but with a different spoligotype, induced similar pathology but to a lesser extent. In contrast, strains 534, V2 (both from cattle) and 02-2B (from human) were less virulent, permitting higher survival after 4 months of infection and limited tissue damage. Strain AN5 and the cattle and human isolates induced rapid, high and stable expression of interferon (IFN)-gamma and inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS). In contrast, the more virulent strains induced lower expression of IFN-gamma, tumour necrosis factor-alpha and iNOS. Interestingly, these more virulent strains induced very low expression of murine beta defensin 4 (mBD-4); whereas, the control strain AN5 induced progressive expression of this anti-microbial peptide, peaking at day 120. The less virulent strains induced high mBD-4 expression during early infection. Thus, as reported with clinical isolates of M. tuberculosis, M. bovis also showed variable virulence. This variability can be attributed to the induction of a different pattern of immune response.
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Affiliation(s)
- D Aguilar León
- Experimental Pathology Section, Department of Pathology, National Institute of Medical Sciences and Nutrition, Salvador Zubirán, Mexico City, México
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de Souza Figueiredo EE, Silvestre FG, Campos WN, Furlanetto LV, Medeiros L, Lilenbaum W, Fonseca LS, Silva JT, Paschoalin VMF. Identification of Mycobacterium bovis Isolates by a multiplex PCR. Braz J Microbiol 2009; 40:231-3. [PMID: 24031349 PMCID: PMC3769727 DOI: 10.1590/s1517-83822009000200004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2008] [Revised: 04/30/2008] [Accepted: 02/15/2009] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Isolates from suggestive bovine tuberculosis lesions were tested by a multiplex polymerase chain reaction (m-PCR) targeting for RvD1Rv2031c and IS6110 sequences, specific for M. bovis and Mycobacterium tuberculosis complex respectively. The m-PCR successfully identified as M. bovis 88.24% of the isolates.
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