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Yu Y, Duan X, Liu Y, Ma J, Song B, Lian Z, Cui Y. Laboratory Diagnosis of a NZ7-like Orf Virus Infection and Pathogen Genetic Characterization, Particularly in the VEGF Gene. Front Vet Sci 2020; 7:538. [PMID: 33094105 PMCID: PMC7527421 DOI: 10.3389/fvets.2020.00538] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2020] [Accepted: 07/10/2020] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Orf is a widespread contagious epithelial viral disease found particularly in most sheep breeding countries in the world. Recently, an orf virus (ORFV) strain OV-HLJ05 was isolated from an outbreak in northeast China. Three genes of interest including ORFV011 (B2L), ORFV059 (F1L), and ORFV132 (VEGF) of ORFV, were recruited to identify and genetically characterize this newly isolated virus. Amino acid (aa) sequence compared with the ORFV references listed in GenBank, both B2L and F1L of OV-HLJ05 showed less microheterogeneity from their references. In contrast, the VEGF gene was included in the NZ7-VEGF like group as previously considered by Mercer in 2002. Unexpectedly, further multiple VEGF matches were made, using 34 published sequences from China and India, resulting in 27 strains of the NZ7 members. Based on Karki's report in 2020, NZ7-VEGF like viruses are emerging more and more frequently in these two countries, damaging the Asian sheep industry. Obvious heterogeneity with the NZ2, insertion of two oligopeptides TATI(L)QVVVAI(L) and SSSS(S) motif were found in the NZ7-like VEGF protein. These VEGFs are divided mainly into two types and a significant increase in the number of hydrogen bonds within the NZ7-like VEGF dimers was observed. The NZ7-like ORFV apparently favors the goat as a host and an emphasis on this in future epidemiological and pathological studies should be considered, focusing on the NZ7-like virus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yongzhong Yu
- College of Biological Science and Technology, Heilongjiang Bayi Agricultural University, Daqing, China
- *Correspondence: Yongzhong Yu
| | - Xuyang Duan
- College of Biological Science and Technology, Heilongjiang Bayi Agricultural University, Daqing, China
| | - Yuanyuan Liu
- College of Biological Science and Technology, Heilongjiang Bayi Agricultural University, Daqing, China
| | - Jinzhu Ma
- College of Biological Science and Technology, Heilongjiang Bayi Agricultural University, Daqing, China
| | - Baifen Song
- College of Biological Science and Technology, Heilongjiang Bayi Agricultural University, Daqing, China
| | - Zhengxing Lian
- College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
- Zhengxing Lian
| | - Yudong Cui
- College of Biological Science and Technology, Heilongjiang Bayi Agricultural University, Daqing, China
- Yudong Cui
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Wang Y, Cui Y, Yu Z, Li Y, Bai C, Sun P, Zhu W, Li Y. Development of a recombinase-aided amplification assay for detection of orf virus. J Virol Methods 2020; 280:113861. [PMID: 32343981 DOI: 10.1016/j.jviromet.2020.113861] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2020] [Revised: 03/24/2020] [Accepted: 03/25/2020] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Orf, caused by orf virus (ORFV), is an important zoonotic disease that infects goat and sheep, leading to huge economic losses. ORFV can also cause cutaneous lesions in people who come in close contact with the diseased animals. Although accurate diagnostic methods for ORFV infection exist, there is a need for a rapid, specific, and sensitive method for easy clinical application. Here, we successfully established a recombinase-aided amplification (RAA) assay for rapid detection of ORFV. The analytical sensitivity of the assay for ORFV detection is 1 × 101 copies per reaction. Moreover, no cross-reaction was observed with other common DNA viruses. A total of 45 archived suspected ORFV infected nasal scab skin samples were examined by RAA and SYBR Green-based real-time polymerase chain reaction (PCR). Compared with the real-time PCR assay, the kappa values of the RAA assay for ORFV detection was 0.845 (p <0.001), indicating that both assay results were fully in agreement. In conclusion, this detection assay provides a rapid, sensitive, and specific method for ORFV detection and is suitable for ORFV clinical testing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yong Wang
- Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Veterinary Pathobiology and Disease Control, College of Animal Science and Technology, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei, 230036, PR China
| | - Yongqiu Cui
- Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Veterinary Pathobiology and Disease Control, College of Animal Science and Technology, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei, 230036, PR China
| | - Zhaorong Yu
- Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Veterinary Pathobiology and Disease Control, College of Animal Science and Technology, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei, 230036, PR China
| | - Yeqiu Li
- Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Veterinary Pathobiology and Disease Control, College of Animal Science and Technology, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei, 230036, PR China
| | - Caixia Bai
- Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Veterinary Pathobiology and Disease Control, College of Animal Science and Technology, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei, 230036, PR China
| | - Pei Sun
- Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Veterinary Pathobiology and Disease Control, College of Animal Science and Technology, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei, 230036, PR China
| | - Wen Zhu
- Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Veterinary Pathobiology and Disease Control, College of Animal Science and Technology, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei, 230036, PR China
| | - Yongdong Li
- Municipal Key Laboratory of Virology, Ningbo Municipal Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Ningbo, 315010, PR China.
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Yamada Y, Liao GR, Tseng CY, Tseng YY, Hsu WL. Establishment and characterization of transformed goat primary cells by expression of simian virus 40 large T antigen for orf virus propagations. PLoS One 2019; 14:e0226105. [PMID: 31805146 PMCID: PMC6894772 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0226105] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2019] [Accepted: 11/19/2019] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Due to the limited host range of orf virus (ORFV), primary cells derived from its natural hosts, such as goats and sheep, are recommended for isolation and propagation of wild type ORFV. This situation limits the option for the study of virus-host interaction during ORFV infection since primary cells only support a few numbers of passages. SV40 T antigen is a viral oncoprotein that can abrogate replicative senescence, leading to an extended life span of cells. In this study, the transformation of two goat primary cells, fibroblast (FB) and testis (GT) cells, were achieved by stably expressing SV40 T antigen using the lentiviral technique. The presence of the gene encoding SV40 T antigen was validated by polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and western blot analyses. As evidenced by immunofluorescent microscopy, the two types of cells expressing SV40 T antigen (namely, FBT and GTT) were purified to homogeneity. Moreover, faster growth kinetics and a lower serum dependency were noticed in FBT and GTT, as compared with their counterpart parental cells. FBT and GTT remain permissive and can form plaque of ORFV, despite with different profiles; generally speaking, with SV40 T expression, ORFV forms plaques with smaller size and distinct margin. Most importantly, the prolonged life span of goat FBT and GTT serves as an ideal cell culture resource for ORFV isolation from the field, studies of ORFV pathogenesis and efficient vaccine development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yumiko Yamada
- Graduate Institute of Microbiology and Public Health, National Chung Hsing University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Guan-Ru Liao
- Graduate Institute of Microbiology and Public Health, National Chung Hsing University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Ching-Yu Tseng
- Graduate Institute of Microbiology and Public Health, National Chung Hsing University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Yeu-Yang Tseng
- Graduate Institute of Microbiology and Public Health, National Chung Hsing University, Taichung, Taiwan
- Department of Immunology and Infectious Diseases, John Curtin School of Medical Research, Australian National University, Canberra, Australia
| | - Wei-Li Hsu
- Graduate Institute of Microbiology and Public Health, National Chung Hsing University, Taichung, Taiwan
- * E-mail:
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LIN YUSHENG, JIANG JINXIU. TaqMan-based real-time quantitative fluorescence PCR for detection of Orf virus. THE INDIAN JOURNAL OF ANIMAL SCIENCES 2019. [DOI: 10.56093/ijans.v89i3.88032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Contagious ecthyma, also known as scabby mouth or Orf, is a zoonosis, which is caused by the Orf virus (ORFV). Human contact with infected animals can cause cutaneous lesions. To prevent and control ORFV effectively, rapid detection method is very important and highly needed. Real-time quantitative fluorescence PCR (qPCR) assay is considered as a rapid techonology to detect ORFV, and has been used for clinical diagnosis and epidemiological investigation. In present study, we developed a TaqMan-based qPCR assay for detection of ORFV. Beacon Designer 7.9 was used to design specific primers and probes were based on the ORFV020 gene sequence of the virus (GenBank Accession No. KF666563.1). The method had no cross-reactions with other common bacteria and viruses, was highly specific; the sensitivity test result showed that it could detect 10 copies of ORFV genomic DNA, and was more sensitive than conventional PCR. Both intra- and inter-variabilities were less than 2%, indicating the high stability and repeatability of the method. Additionally, 99 clinical samples from sheep and goats with suspected contagious ecthyma were tested using the developed assay and conventional PCR. The results showed that the developed assay was more sensitive and faster than conventional PCR. It can be concluded that the assay was suitable for routine detection of the ORFV and the epidemiological investigation.
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Comparative sequence and structural analysis of Indian orf viruses based on major envelope immuno-dominant protein (F1L), an homologue of pox viral p35/H3 protein. Gene 2018; 663:72-82. [DOI: 10.1016/j.gene.2018.04.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2018] [Revised: 04/07/2018] [Accepted: 04/11/2018] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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Wang Y, Yang K, Bai C, Yin D, Li G, Qi K, Wang G, Li Y. Development of a SYBR Green I real-time PCR for the detection of the orf virus. AMB Express 2017; 7:21. [PMID: 28063148 PMCID: PMC5218949 DOI: 10.1186/s13568-016-0322-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2016] [Accepted: 12/26/2016] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Orf is a non-systemic, ubiquitous disease of sheep and goats caused by the orf virus (ORFV). ORFV occasionally causes cutaneous lesions in humans in contact with infected animals. In the present study, a real-time PCR method was established for detection of ORFV using the fluorescent chimeric dye SYBR Green I. Specific primers were designed to target a highly conserved region of the ORFV B2L gene. This method was able to detect a minimum of 20 copies of ORFV genomic DNA. The results showed no cross-reactions with other common DNA viruses. The time required for the test was approximately 1.5 h. Clinical test samples showed that this method was faster and had a higher sensitivity than traditional PCR. In conclusion, this novel, real-time PCR-based assay provides a rapid, sensitive, and specific method for ORFV detection. This test provides improved technical support for studies regarding the clinical diagnosis and epidemiology of ORFV.
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Bora M, Bora DP, Barman NN, Borah B, Das S. Seroprevalence of contagious ecthyma in goats of Assam: An analysis by indirect enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Vet World 2016; 9:1028-1033. [PMID: 27733808 PMCID: PMC5057025 DOI: 10.14202/vetworld.2016.1028-1033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2016] [Accepted: 08/14/2016] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
AIM The objective of this study was to screen the prevalence of contagious ecthyma (CE) among the goat population of Assam owing to its high prevalence rate. MATERIALS AND METHODS In this study, a total of 231 serum samples were collected from 12 districts of Assam during September 2013 to July 2014. The serum samples were tested for the presence of antibodies against Orf virus (ORFV) by indirect enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). Indirect ELISA was standardized using purified Orf reference virus produced in bulk in primary lamb testes cells. RESULTS Studies on seroprevalence showed 76.62% of goats were seropositive. The total number of animals were divided into different age groups starting from 0-2 months, 2-4 months, 4-6 months, and above 8 months and accordingly highest prevalence of antibodies against ORFV was recorded in the age-group above 8 months of age. Significantly, lower rates of infection were observed in goats of age group 2-4 months. This study recorded that seropositivity from naturally infected animals and in contact apparently healthy animals to be 53.67% and 46.32%, respectively. CONCLUSION The results indicated that CE is a prevalent infection in goats of Assam, and the healthy population is at increased risk of infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mousumi Bora
- Division of Virology, Indian Veterinary Research Institute, Izatnagar, Bareilly, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Durlav Prasad Bora
- Department of Microbiology, College of Veterinary Science, Assam Agricultural University, Khanapara Campus, Guwahati, Assam, India
| | - Nagendra Nath Barman
- Department of Microbiology, College of Veterinary Science, Assam Agricultural University, Khanapara Campus, Guwahati, Assam, India
| | - Biswajyoti Borah
- Department of Animal Biotechnology, Assam Agricultural University, Khanapara Campus, Guwahati, Assam, India
| | - Sutopa Das
- Department of Microbiology, College of Veterinary Science, Assam Agricultural University, Khanapara Campus, Guwahati, Assam, India
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Wang K, Shao H, Pei Z, Hu G. Rapid detection of contagious ecthyma by loop-mediated isothermal amplification and epidemiology in Jilin Province China. J Vet Med Sci 2015; 78:125-8. [PMID: 26346652 PMCID: PMC4751130 DOI: 10.1292/jvms.15-0340] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
The aim of this experiment was to develop a loop-mediated isothermal amplification (LAMP)
assay and to research the recent epidemiology of contagious ecthyma in Jilin Province,
China, using the assay. A LAMP assay targeting a highly conserved region of the F1L gene
was developed to detect contagious ecthyma virus (CEV). Three hundred and sixty-five cases
from 64 flocks in 9 different areas of Jilin Province, China, from 2011 to 2014 were
tested using the LAMP assay. The results showed that the sensitivity of the LAMP assay was
100 copies of the standard plasmid, which is 100-fold higher than the sensitivity of PCR.
No cross-reactivity was observed with capripoxvirus, fowlpox virus, foot-and-mouth disease
virus serotype O, foot-and-mouth disease virus serotype Asia I and bluetongue virus. The
average positive rate was 19.73% (72/365), and the positive rate was highest in lambs aged
1–6 months. Our results demonstrated that CEV infection was very widespread in the flocks
of Jilin Province and that the LAMP assay allows for easy, rapid, accurate and sensitive
detection of CEV infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kai Wang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Jilin Agricultural University, Xincheng Street No.2888, Changchun 130118, P.R. China
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Lin FY, Tseng YY, Chan KW, Kuo ST, Yang CH, Wang CY, Takasu M, Hsu WL, Wong ML. Suppression of influenza virus infection by the orf virus isolated in Taiwan. J Vet Med Sci 2015; 77:1055-62. [PMID: 25855509 PMCID: PMC4591145 DOI: 10.1292/jvms.14-0663] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Orf virus (ORFV), a member of parapoxvirus, is an enveloped virus with genome of double-stranded DNA. ORFV causes contagious pustular dermatitis or contagious ecthyma in sheep and goats worldwide. In general, detection of viral DNA and observing ORFV virion in tissues of afflicted animals are two methods commonly used for diagnosis of orf infection; however, isolation of the ORFV in cell culture using virus-containing tissue as inoculum is known to be difficult. In this work, the ORFV (Hoping strain) isolated in central Taiwan was successfully grown in cell culture. We further examined the biochemical characteristic of our isolate, including viral genotyping, viral mRNA and protein expression. By electron microscopy, one unique form of viral particle from ORFV infected cellular lysate was demonstrated in the negative-stained field. Moreover, immunomodulating and anti-influenza virus properties of this ORFV were investigated. ORFV stimulated human monocytes (THP-1) secreting proinflammatory cytokines IL-8 and TNF-α. And, pre-treatment of ORFV-infected cell medium prevents A549 cells from subsequent type A influenza virus (IAV) infection. Similarly, mice infected with ORFV via both intramuscular and subcutaneous routes at two days prior to IAV infection significantly decreased the replication of IAV. In summary, the results of a current study indicated our Hoping strain harbors the immune modulator property; with such a bio-adjuvanticity, we further proved that pre-exposure of ORFV protects animals from subsequent IAV infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fong-Yuan Lin
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, National Chung Hsing University, Taichung 402, Taiwan
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Isolation and phylogenetic analysis of an orf virus from sheep in Makhdoom, India. Virus Genes 2013; 48:312-9. [DOI: 10.1007/s11262-013-1025-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2013] [Accepted: 12/10/2013] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
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Du H, Li W, Hao W, Liao X, Li M, Luo S. Taqman real-time PCR assay based on ORFV024 gene for rapid detection of orf infection. Toxicol Mech Methods 2013. [PMID: 23193989 DOI: 10.3109/15376516.2012.753968] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
In this study, a TaqMan real-time polymerase chain reaction (PCR) assay was developed to detect and quantify orf virus (ORFV) DNA in infected cell culture and clinical samples. Primers and probes were designed to amplify an 87 bp fragment DNA based on the sequence of ORFV024 gene encoding an NF-κB inhibitor of orf virus. The assay was highly specific and sensitive for ORFV DNA and no cross-reactions were detected with any other poxviruses; the sensitivity was 5 fg or 15 copies of ORFV genomic DNA. Both intra- (1.490 ± 1.261%) and inter-assay (1.958 ± 0.568%) variabilities were within the acceptable range, indicating the high efficiency and reproducibility of the assay. Further, the assay has shown a relative diagnostic sensitivity and specificity of 100%, when compared to B2L gene-based semi-nested PCR. The assay is simple, rapid, specific and sensitive with a wide potential for rapid field diagnosis of orf in sheep and goats.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongyan Du
- Institute of Antibody Engineering, School of Biotechnology, Southern Medical University , Guangzhou , PR China
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Identification and phylogenetic analysis of orf viruses isolated from outbreaks in goats of Assam, a northeastern state of India. Virus Genes 2012; 45:98-104. [DOI: 10.1007/s11262-012-0740-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2011] [Accepted: 03/17/2012] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
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13
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Bora D, Venkatesan G, Bhanuprakash V, Balamurugan V, Prabhu M, Siva Sankar M, Yogisharadhya R. TaqMan real-time PCR assay based on DNA polymerase gene for rapid detection of Orf infection. J Virol Methods 2011; 178:249-52. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jviromet.2011.09.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2011] [Revised: 09/03/2011] [Accepted: 09/12/2011] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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Comparative sequence analysis of poxvirus A32 gene encoded ATPase protein and carboxyl terminal heterogeneity of Indian orf viruses. Vet Microbiol 2011; 156:72-80. [PMID: 22074858 DOI: 10.1016/j.vetmic.2011.10.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2011] [Revised: 10/11/2011] [Accepted: 10/13/2011] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Thirteen orf virus (ORFV) isolates from natural outbreaks in sheep and goats belonging to different geographical regions of India were analysed on the basis of ORF108 (a homologue of poxviral A32 gene), which is known to encode for ATPase and involved in virion DNA packaging. Comparative sequence analysis of ATPase proteins revealed highly conserved N-terminal region with five different motifs [Walker A, Walker B, A32L specific motifs (III and IV) and a novel AYDG (motif-V)] among all poxviruses and divergent carboxyl terminus with either single or double RGD sequences among all Indian ORFV isolates. A homology model and secondary structure predictions of N-terminal region of ORFV A32 revealed that most of the poxviruses including ORFV ATPase protein belong to a distinct clade of the HerA/FtsK super family of DNA packaging proteins. Despite differences in host cell specificity and poxvirus infections among animals, DNA packaging motor domain of poxviruses presumed to share remarkable similarities as indicated by the presence of conserved ATPase motifs in the present investigation. The study also indicated the circulation of heterogeneous strains of ORFV in India and possibilities of differentiation of ORFV strains based on C-terminal heterogeneity.
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Lojkic I, Cac Z, Beck A, Bedekovic T, Cvetnic Z, Sostaric B. Phylogenetic analysis of Croatian orf viruses isolated from sheep and goats. Virol J 2010; 7:314. [PMID: 21073725 PMCID: PMC2989325 DOI: 10.1186/1743-422x-7-314] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2010] [Accepted: 11/12/2010] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The Orf virus (ORFV) is the prototype of the parapoxvirus genus and it primarily causes contagious ecthyma in goats, sheep, and other ruminants worldwide. In this paper, we described the sequence and phylogenetic analysis of the B2L gene of ORFV from two natural outbreaks: i) in autochthonous Croatian Cres-breed sheep and ii) on small family goat farm. RESULTS Sequence and phylogenetic analyses of the ORFV B2L gene showed that the Cro-Cres-12446/09 and Cro-Goat-11727/10 were not clustered together. Cro-Cres-12446/09 shared the highest similarity with ORFV NZ2 from New Zealand, and Ena from Japan; Cro-Goat-11727/10 was closest to the HuB from China and Taiping and Hoping from Taiwan. CONCLUSION Distinct ORFV strains are circulating in Croatia. Although ORFV infections are found ubiquitously wherever sheep and goats are farmed in Croatia, this is the first information on genetic relatedness of any Croatian ORFV with other isolates around the world.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ivana Lojkic
- Department of Virology, Croatian Veterinary Institute, Savska cesta 143, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia.
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Chan KW, Hsu WL, Wang CY, Yang CH, Lin FY, Chulakasian S, Wong ML. Differential diagnosis of orf viruses by a single-step PCR. J Virol Methods 2009; 160:85-9. [PMID: 19409929 DOI: 10.1016/j.jviromet.2009.04.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2008] [Revised: 04/21/2009] [Accepted: 04/23/2009] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
The complete nucleotide sequence of the A32L gene (named after vaccinia virus, corresponding with open reading frame 108 of the orf virus and encoding an ATPase) of the orf virus was studied using samples of orf virus from infected goats, which were collected from six outbreaks in central Taiwan. DNA sequence analysis of the A32L genes of these and isolates from other countries showed sequence heterogeneity (base pair variation and deletion) in the 3'-terminal regions. This finding led to the development of a polymerase chain reaction (PCR) method for the rapid differential diagnosis of orf virus infections, and the results demonstrated that this was an easy and reliable method for genotyping of orf viruses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kun-Wei Chan
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, National Chung-Hsing University, Taichung, Taiwan
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