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Stawicki TM, Linbo T, Hernandez L, Parkinson L, Bellefeuille D, Rubel EW, Raible DW. The role of retrograde intraflagellar transport genes in aminoglycoside-induced hair cell death. Biol Open 2019; 8:bio.038745. [PMID: 30578252 PMCID: PMC6361216 DOI: 10.1242/bio.038745] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Sensory hair cells are susceptible to numerous insults, including certain therapeutic medications like aminoglycoside antibiotics, and hearing and balance disorders are often a dose-limiting side effect of these medications. We show that mutations in multiple genes in both the retrograde intraflagellar transport (IFT) motor and adaptor complexes lead to resistance to aminoglycoside-induced hair cell death. These mutations also lead to defects in the entry of both aminoglycosides and the vital dye FM1-43 into hair cells, both processes that depend on hair cell mechanotransduction activity. However, the trafficking of proteins important for mechanotransduction activity is not altered by these mutations. Our data suggest that both retrograde IFT motor and adaptor complex genes are playing a role in aminoglycoside toxicity through affecting aminoglycoside uptake into hair cells. Summary: Here we show that both retrograde intraflagellar transport motor proteins and IFT-A adaptor molecules play a role in aminoglycoside-induced hair cell death, seemingly through regulating aminoglycoside uptake.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tamara M Stawicki
- Program in Neuroscience, Lafayette College, Easton, PA 18042, USA .,Department of Biological Structure, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195, USA
| | - Tor Linbo
- Department of Biological Structure, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195, USA
| | - Liana Hernandez
- Department of Biological Structure, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195, USA
| | - Lauren Parkinson
- Program in Neuroscience, Lafayette College, Easton, PA 18042, USA
| | | | - Edwin W Rubel
- Virginia Merrill Bloedel Hearing Research Center, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195, USA
| | - David W Raible
- Department of Biological Structure, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195, USA.,Virginia Merrill Bloedel Hearing Research Center, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195, USA
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Lidocaine Prevents Oxidative Stress-Induced Endothelial Dysfunction of the Systemic Artery in Rats With Intermittent Periodontal Inflammation. Anesth Analg 2017; 124:2054-2062. [PMID: 28525515 DOI: 10.1213/ane.0000000000002102] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Periodontal inflammation causes endothelial dysfunction of the systemic artery. However, it is unknown whether the use of local anesthetics during painful dental procedures alleviates periodontal inflammation and systemic endothelial function. This study was designed to examine whether the gingival or systemic injection of lidocaine prevents oxidative stress-induced endothelial dysfunction of the systemic artery in rats with intermittent periodontal inflammation caused by lipopolysaccharides (LPS). METHODS Some rats received 1500 µg LPS injections to the gingiva during a week interval from the age of 8 to 11 weeks (LPS group). Lidocaine (3 mg/kg), LPS + lidocaine (3 mg/kg), LPS + lidocaine (1.5 mg/kg), and LPS + lidocaine (3 mg/kg, IP) groups simultaneously received gingival 1.5 or 3 mg/kg or IP 3 mg/kg injection of lidocaine on the same schedule as the gingival LPS. Isolated aortas or mandibles were subjected to the evaluation of histopathologic change, isometric force recording, reactive oxygen species, and Western immunoblotting. RESULTS Mean blood pressure and heart rate did not differ among the control, LPS, LPS + lidocaine (3 mg/kg), and lidocaine (3 mg/kg) groups. LPS application reduced acetylcholine (ACh, 10 to 10 mol/L)-induced relaxation (29% difference at ACh 3 × 10 mol/L, P = .01), which was restored by catalase. Gingival lidocaine (1.5 and 3 mg/kg) dose dependently prevented the endothelial dysfunction caused by LPS application (24.5%-31.1% difference at ACh 3 × 10 mol/L, P = .006 or .001, respectively). Similar to the gingival application, the IP injection of lidocaine (3 mg/kg) restored the ACh-induced dilation of isolated aortas from rats with the LPS application (27.5% difference at ACh 3 × 10 mol/L, P < .001). Levels of reactive oxygen species were double in aortas from the LPS group (P < .001), whereas the increment was abolished by polyethylene glycol-catalase, gingival lidocaine (3 mg/kg), or the combination. The LPS induced a 4-fold increase in the protein expression of tumor necrosis factor-α in the periodontal tissue (P < .001), whereas the lidocaine (3 mg/kg) coadministration partly reduced the levels. Lidocaine application also decreased the protein expression of the nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate oxidase subunit p47phox, which was enhanced by the gingival LPS (5.6-fold increase; P < .001). CONCLUSIONS Lidocaine preserved the aortic endothelial function through a decrease in arterial reactive oxygen species produced by nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate oxidase and periodontal tumor necrosis factor-α levels in rats with periodontal inflammation. These results suggest the beneficial effect of the gingival application of local anesthetics on the treatment of periodontal diseases on endothelial function of systemic arteries.
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Kinoshita H, Watanabe K, Azma T, Feng GG, Akahori T, Hayashi H, Sato M, Fujiwara Y, Wakatsuki A. Human serum albumin and oxidative stress in preeclamptic women and the mechanism of albumin for stress reduction. Heliyon 2017; 3:e00369. [PMID: 28808694 PMCID: PMC5544496 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2017.e00369] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2017] [Revised: 06/26/2017] [Accepted: 07/21/2017] [Indexed: 01/29/2023] Open
Abstract
AIMS The present study to address one of the mechanisms in preeclampsia, examined whether levels of oxidative stress, human serum albumin, and endothelial function correlate in pregnant women and whether human serum albumin reduces levels of superoxide produced by NADPH oxidase activation in the human vascular smooth muscle cells. MATERIALS AND METHODS Pregnant women with (Preeclampsia group, n = 33) and without preeclampsia (Normal group, n = 37) were recruited to determine levels of reactive oxygen species (serum diacron-reactive oxygen metabolite [d-ROM]), and the flow-mediated dilation (FMD). Human coronary arterial smooth muscle cells or omental arteries were subjected to evaluate isometric force recordings, levels of superoxide, western immunoblotting, and immunohistochemistry. The superoxide scavenging assay was also performed in a cell-free system. KEY FINDINGS Women in the preeclampsia group demonstrated lower FMD and higher serum d-ROM values than those in the normal group. There were the inverse correlations between serum levels of d-ROM and the degree of FMD and between serum levels of albumin and those of d-ROM. D-glucose reduced the levcromakalim-induced dilation of human omental arteries, and it increased levels of superoxide and the recruitment of the NADPH oxidase subunit p47phox in human coronary arterial smooth muscle cells. Human serum albumin (0.05 to 0.5 g/dL) prevented these alterations whereas it exerted no superoxide scavenging effect. SIGNIFICANCE Serum albumin relates to oxidative stress inversely, but to the endothelial function positively, in pregnant women. Human serum albumin appears to reduce oxidative stress via NADPH oxidase inhibition in the human vascular smooth muscle, indicating that the serum level may be a critical determinant of vascular oxidative stress in some human diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hiroyuki Kinoshita
- Departments of Anesthesiology, Aichi Medical University School of Medicine, 1-1 Yazako Karimata, Nagakute, Aichi 480-1195, Japan
| | - Kazushi Watanabe
- Obstetrics and Gynecology, Aichi Medical University School of Medicine, 1-1 Yazako Karimata, Nagakute, Aichi 480-1195, Japan
| | - Toshiharu Azma
- Department of Anesthesiology & Pain Medicine, Kohnodai Hospital, National Center for Global Health and Medicine, Ichikawa, Chiba 272-8516, Japan
| | - Guo-Gang Feng
- Pharmacology, Aichi Medical University School of Medicine, 1-1 Yazako Karimata, Nagakute, Aichi 480-1195, Japan
| | - Takahiko Akahori
- Departments of Anesthesiology, Aichi Medical University School of Medicine, 1-1 Yazako Karimata, Nagakute, Aichi 480-1195, Japan
| | - Hisaki Hayashi
- Physiology, Aichi Medical University School of Medicine, 1-1 Yazako Karimata, Nagakute, Aichi 480-1195, Japan
| | - Motohiko Sato
- Physiology, Aichi Medical University School of Medicine, 1-1 Yazako Karimata, Nagakute, Aichi 480-1195, Japan
| | - Yoshihiro Fujiwara
- Departments of Anesthesiology, Aichi Medical University School of Medicine, 1-1 Yazako Karimata, Nagakute, Aichi 480-1195, Japan
| | - Akihiko Wakatsuki
- Obstetrics and Gynecology, Aichi Medical University School of Medicine, 1-1 Yazako Karimata, Nagakute, Aichi 480-1195, Japan
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Sevoflurane Inhalation Accelerates the Long-Term Memory Consolidation via Small GTPase Overexpression in the Hippocampus of Mice in Adolescence. PLoS One 2016; 11:e0163151. [PMID: 27632208 PMCID: PMC5025001 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0163151] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2016] [Accepted: 09/02/2016] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Sevoflurane exposure impairs the long-term memory in neonates. Whether the exposure to animals in adolescence affects the memory, however, has been unclear. A small hydrolase enzyme of guanosine triphosphate (GTPase) rac1 plays a role in the F-actin dynamics related to the synaptic plasticity, as well as superoxide production via reduced nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate (NADPH) oxidase activation. The current study was designed to examine whether sevoflurane exposure to mice in early adolescence modifies the long-term learning ability concomitantly with the changes in F-actin constitution as well as superoxide production in the hippocampus according to the levels of rac1 protein expression. Four-week-old mice were subjected to the evaluation of long-term learning ability for three days. On day one, each mouse was allowed to enter a dark chamber for five min to acclimatization. On day two, the procedure was repeated with the addition of an electric shock as soon as a mouse entered the dark chamber. All mice subsequently inhaled 2 L/min air with (Sevoflurane group) and without (Control group) 2.5% sevoflurane for three hours. On day three, each mouse was placed on the platform and retention time, which is the latency to enter the dark chamber, was examined. The brain removed after the behavior test, was used for analyses of immunofluorescence, Western immunoblotting and intracellular levels of superoxide. Sevoflurane exposure significantly prolonged retention time, indicating the enhanced long-term memory. Sevoflurane inhalation augmented F-actin constitution coexisting with the rac1 protein overexpression in the hippocampus whereas it did not alter the levels of superoxide. Sevoflurane exposure to 4-week-old mice accelerates the long-term memory concomitantly with the enhanced F-actin constitution coexisting with the small GTPase rac1 overexpression in the hippocampus. These results suggest that sevoflurane inhalation may amplify long-term memory consolidation via the increased cytoskeleton constitution in the hippocampus of animals in early adolescence.
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Yamamoto Y, Saito T, Feng GG, Li J, Yasuda Y, Kazaoka Y, Fujiwara Y, Kinoshita H. Intermittent local periodontal inflammation causes endothelial dysfunction of the systemic artery via increased levels of hydrogen peroxide concomitantly with overexpression of superoxide dismutase. Int J Cardiol 2016; 222:901-907. [PMID: 27526356 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijcard.2016.08.099] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2016] [Revised: 08/03/2016] [Accepted: 08/05/2016] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The present study was designed to examine whether the intermittent local periodontal inflammation induces endothelial dysfunction of the systemic artery caused by oxidative stress and if increased levels of hydrogen peroxide coexisted with overexpression of superoxide dismutase (SOD) as well as NADPH oxidase contribute to the oxidative stress. METHODS The rats in lipopolysaccharides (LPS) group received 1500μg LPS injection to bilateral gingiva of the lower jaw a week interval from eight- to eleven-week-old. Isolated mandibles or aortas were subjected to the evaluation of histopathological changes, isometric force recordings, reactive oxygen species using 2',7'-dichlorofluorescin diacetate (10(-5)mol/L) and protein expression of NADPH oxidase subunits and SOD, respectively. RESULTS Mandible sections demonstrated the periodontal inflammation only in the LPS group at three days, but not seven days, after the LSP injection. Acetylcholine (10(-9) to 10(-5)mol/L)-induced relaxation was reduced only in aortas from the LPS group. Gp91ds-tat and PEG-catalase restored the impaired dilation in arteries from the LPS group. Levels of reactive oxygen species were enhanced in aortas from the LPS group, whereas the increment was abolished by the treatment with gp91-ds-tat or PEG-catalase. Expression of a NADPH oxidase subunit p47phox and CuZn-SOD increased in the LPS group. CONCLUSIONS The intermittent local periodontal inflammation induces systemic endothelial dysfunction caused by overproduction of reactive oxygen species in the systemic artery of rats and that overexpression of CuZn-SOD as well as a NADPH oxidase cytosolic subunit contributes to increased levels of hydrogen peroxide in blood vessels of this animal model.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yasuhiro Yamamoto
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Aichi Medical University School of Medicine, 1-1 Yazako Karimata, Nagakute, Aichi, Japan
| | - Takumi Saito
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Aichi Medical University School of Medicine, 1-1 Yazako Karimata, Nagakute, Aichi, Japan
| | - Guo-Gang Feng
- Department of Pharmacology, Aichi Medical University School of Medicine, 1-1 Yazako Karimata, Nagakute, Aichi, Japan
| | - Jiazheng Li
- Department of Anesthesiology, Aichi Medical University School of Medicine, 1-1 Yazako Karimata, Nagakute, Aichi, Japan
| | - Yoshitaka Yasuda
- Department of Anesthesiology, Aichi Medical University School of Medicine, 1-1 Yazako Karimata, Nagakute, Aichi, Japan
| | - Yoshiaki Kazaoka
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Aichi Medical University School of Medicine, 1-1 Yazako Karimata, Nagakute, Aichi, Japan
| | - Yoshihiro Fujiwara
- Department of Anesthesiology, Aichi Medical University School of Medicine, 1-1 Yazako Karimata, Nagakute, Aichi, Japan
| | - Hiroyuki Kinoshita
- Department of Anesthesiology, Aichi Medical University School of Medicine, 1-1 Yazako Karimata, Nagakute, Aichi, Japan.
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High oxygen modifies vasodilator effect of cysteine via enhanced oxidative stress and thromboxane production in the rat mesenteric artery. Pflugers Arch 2016; 468:1555-64. [PMID: 27389323 DOI: 10.1007/s00424-016-1857-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2016] [Revised: 06/28/2016] [Accepted: 06/30/2016] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
Whether high oxygen is harmful to the vascular function is unclear. The present study examined if high oxygen modifies vasodilator effect of cysteine via enhanced oxidative stress and thromboxane production. Rat mesenteric arteries with endothelium at 95 or 50 % oxygen were subjected to isometric force recordings, measurement of thromboxane B2 levels, determination of superoxide and peroxynitrite levels and evaluation of NADPH oxidase subunit protein expression, respectively. L-cysteine (0.01-3 mM) constricted or dilated arteries at 95 and 50 % oxygen, respectively. Thromboxane receptor antagonist SQ-29,548 (1 μM) abolished the constriction at 95 % oxygen. L-cysteine (3 mM) increased levels of thromboxane B2 in arteries upon 95 % oxygen application. L-cysteine relaxed arteries treated with superoxide inhibitor tiron (2 mM) or NADPH oxidase inhibitor gp91ds-tat (1 μM) irrespective of the oxygen concentration while ATP-sensitive K(+) channel inhibitor glibenclamide (1 μM) and cystathionine-γ-lyase (CSE) inhibitor DL-propargylglycine (10 mM) similarly abolished the relaxation. L-cysteine (3 mM) with 95 % oxygen augmented levels of superoxide as well as nitrotyrosine within the artery, concomitantly with enhanced membrane protein expression of NADPH oxidase subunit p47phox. The higher concentration of oxygen attenuates L-cysteine-induced vasodilation via superoxide production mediated by NADPH oxidase along with thromboxane A2 production, resulting in vasoconstriction. The increased levels of superoxide, as well as peroxynitrite, coexist with the impaired vasodilation related to ATP-sensitive K(+) channels and CSE. Higher oxygen with plasma cysteine may cause oxidative stress and vasoconstrictor prostanoid production in blood vessels.
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Cilia-Associated Genes Play Differing Roles in Aminoglycoside-Induced Hair Cell Death in Zebrafish. G3-GENES GENOMES GENETICS 2016; 6:2225-35. [PMID: 27207957 PMCID: PMC4938675 DOI: 10.1534/g3.116.030080] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
Hair cells possess a single primary cilium, called the kinocilium, early in development. While the kinocilium is lost in auditory hair cells of most species it is maintained in vestibular hair cells. It has generally been believed that the primary role of the kinocilium and cilia-associated genes in hair cells is in the establishment of the polarity of actin-based stereocilia, the hair cell mechanotransduction apparatus. Through genetic screening and testing of candidate genes in zebrafish (Danio rerio) we have found that mutations in multiple cilia genes implicated in intraflagellar transport (dync2h1, wdr35, ift88, and traf3ip), and the ciliary transition zone (cc2d2a, mks1, and cep290) lead to resistance to aminoglycoside-induced hair cell death. These genes appear to have differing roles in hair cells, as mutations in intraflagellar transport genes, but not transition zone genes, lead to defects in kinocilia formation and processes dependent upon hair cell mechanotransduction activity. These mutants highlight a novel role of cilia-associated genes in hair cells, and provide powerful tools for further study.
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Ligustrazine disrupts lipopolysaccharide-activated NLRP3 inflammasome pathway associated with inhibition of Toll-like receptor 4 in hepatocytes. Biomed Pharmacother 2016; 78:204-209. [DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2016.01.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2015] [Revised: 12/28/2015] [Accepted: 01/13/2016] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
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Li J, Kandatsu N, Feng GG, Jiang JZ, Huang L, Kinoshita H, Okada S, Fujiwara Y. Propofol reduces liver dysfunction caused by tumor necrosis factor-α production in Kupffer cells. J Anesth 2016; 30:420-6. [PMID: 26882920 DOI: 10.1007/s00540-016-2145-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2015] [Accepted: 01/28/2016] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE The present study, conducted in rats, investigated whether propofol attenuates lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-triggered liver dysfunction via regulation of tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α production in activated Kupffer cells. METHODS Rats received LPS (500 μg/kg) under Urethane™ sedation (1 g/kg) in combination with propofol (5 mg/kg/h) or Intralipid™ from 1 h before to 6 h after LPS administration. Some rats were treated with 10 mg/kg gadolinium chloride (GdCl3) to induce Kupffer cell depletion. The serum levels of alanine aminotransferase (ALT) and aspartate aminotransferase (AST), TNF-α mRNA and protein expression, caspase-3 activation and apoptosis were evaluated in hepatocytes. Immunofluorescence staining revealed expression of the pan-macrophage marker CD68 as well as TNF-α in Kupffer cells. RESULTS ALT and AST serum levels increased approximately four-fold in LPS-exposed rats compared with Intralipid™-treated rats at 6 h after LPS administration, whereas propofol and GdCl3 reduced the LPS-induced increases. LPS simultaneously augmented TNF-α expression in Kupffer cells, followed by increased caspase-3 activity and apoptosis in hepatocytes. Immunofluorescence staining and immunoblotting assay showed that TNF-α expression in Kupffer cells was inhibited by propofol and GdCl3, resulting in a reduction of caspase-3 activity and apoptosis in LPS-treated rat hepatocytes. CONCLUSIONS Propofol (5 mg/kg/h) attenuated LPS-triggered liver dysfunction via inhibition of TNF-α production in activated Kupffer cells. These results suggest that propofol is capable of inhibiting inflammation-induced liver dysfunction in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiazheng Li
- Department of Anesthesiology, Aichi Medical University School of Medicine, Nagakute, Aichi, Japan
| | - Nobuhisa Kandatsu
- Department of Anesthesiology, Aichi Medical University School of Medicine, Nagakute, Aichi, Japan
| | - Guo-Gang Feng
- Department of Pharmacology, Aichi Medical University School of Medicine, 1-1 Karimata Yazako, Nagakute, Aichi, 480-1195, Japan.
| | - Jia-Zhen Jiang
- Department of Anesthesiology, Aichi Medical University School of Medicine, Nagakute, Aichi, Japan
| | - Lei Huang
- Department of Anesthesiology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Hiroyuki Kinoshita
- Department of Anesthesiology, Aichi Medical University School of Medicine, Nagakute, Aichi, Japan
| | - Shoshiro Okada
- Department of Pharmacology, Aichi Medical University School of Medicine, 1-1 Karimata Yazako, Nagakute, Aichi, 480-1195, Japan
| | - Yoshihiro Fujiwara
- Department of Anesthesiology, Aichi Medical University School of Medicine, Nagakute, Aichi, Japan
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Huang L, Kondo F, Gosho M, Feng GG, Harato M, Xia ZY, Ishikawa N, Fujiwara Y, Okada S. Enhanced expression of WD repeat-containing protein 35 via CaMKK/AMPK activation in bupivacaine-treated Neuro2a cells. PLoS One 2014; 9:e98185. [PMID: 24859235 PMCID: PMC4032276 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0098185] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2014] [Accepted: 04/29/2014] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
We previously reported that bupivacaine induces reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation, p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) activation and nuclear factor-kappa B activation, resulting in an increase in expression of WD repeat-containing protein 35 (WDR35) in mouse neuroblastoma Neuro2a cells. However, the identity of signaling upstream of p38 MAPK pathways to WDR35 expression remains unclear. It has been shown that AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) can activate p38 MAPK through diverse mechanisms. In addition, several kinases acting upstream of AMPK have been identified including Ca2+/calmodulin-dependent protein kinase kinase (CaMKK). Recent studies reported that AMPK may be involved in bupivacaine-induced cytotoxicity in Schwann cells and in human neuroblastoma SH-SY5Y cells. The present study was undertaken to test whether CaMKK and AMPK are involved in bupivacaine-induced WDR35 expression in Neuro2a cells. Our results showed that bupivacaine induced activation of AMPK and p38 MAPK in Neuro2a cells. The AMPK inhibitors, compound C and iodotubercidin, attenuated the bupivacaine-induced activation of AMPK and p38 MAPK, resulting in an inhibition of the bupivacaine-induced increase in WDR35 expression. Treatment with the CaMKK inhibitor STO-609 also attenuated the bupivacaine-induced activation of AMPK and p38 MAPK, resulting in an inhibition of the bupivacaine-induced increase in WDR35 expression. These results suggest that bupivacaine activates AMPK and p38 MAPK via CaMKK in Neuro2a cells, and that the CaMKK/AMPK/p38 MAPK pathway is involved in regulating WDR35 expression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lei Huang
- Department of Pharmacology, Aichi Medical University School of Medicine, Nagakute, Aichi, Japan; Department of Anesthesiology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Fumio Kondo
- Department of Pharmacology, Aichi Medical University School of Medicine, Nagakute, Aichi, Japan
| | - Masahiko Gosho
- Advanced Medical Research Center, Aichi Medical University, Nagakute, Aichi, Japan
| | - Guo-Gang Feng
- Department of Pharmacology, Aichi Medical University School of Medicine, Nagakute, Aichi, Japan
| | - Misako Harato
- Department of Anesthesiology, Aichi Medical University School of Medicine, Nagakute, Aichi, Japan
| | - Zhong-yuan Xia
- Department of Anesthesiology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Naohisa Ishikawa
- Department of Pharmacology, Aichi Medical University School of Medicine, Nagakute, Aichi, Japan
| | - Yoshihiro Fujiwara
- Department of Anesthesiology, Aichi Medical University School of Medicine, Nagakute, Aichi, Japan
| | - Shoshiro Okada
- Department of Pharmacology, Aichi Medical University School of Medicine, Nagakute, Aichi, Japan
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Fan JH, Feng GG, Huang L, Tang GD, Jiang HX, Xu J. Naofen promotes TNF-α-mediated apoptosis of hepatocytes by activating caspase-3 in lipopolysaccharide-treated rats. World J Gastroenterol 2014; 20:4963-4971. [PMID: 24803807 PMCID: PMC4009528 DOI: 10.3748/wjg.v20.i17.4963] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2013] [Revised: 12/25/2013] [Accepted: 03/05/2014] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
AIM: To investigate whether naofen is involved in tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α-mediated apoptosis of hepatocytes induced by lipopolysaccharide (LPS).
METHODS: In vivo, rats were treated with LPS or anti-TNF-α antibody, whereas in vitro, primary hepatocytes and Kupffer cells (KCs) were separately isolated from rat livers using collagenase perfusion, and primary hepatocytes were cultured in medium containing LPS or TNF-α, or in conditioned medium from LPS-treated KCs (KC-CM)/KC-CM + anti-TNF-α antibody. Naofen and TNF-α mRNA expression was examined by real-time reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction. Immunoblotting was used to measure protein expression. Hepatocyte apoptosis was determined by terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase-mediated dUTP nick end labeling (TUNEL) assay.
RESULTS: LPS significantly induced both naofen expression and caspase-3 activity in the rat liver, which coincided with an increase in the number of TUNEL-positive hepatocytes. The increase of TNF-α expression induced by LPS was preceded by increases in naofen and caspase-3 activity. Elevation of naofen expression and caspase-3 activity was abrogated by pretreatment with anti-TNF-α antibody. In KCs, LPS caused an increase in TNF-α that was almost consistent with that in the liver of LPS-treated rats. In hepatocytes, neither LPS nor TNF-α alone affected either naofen expression or caspase-3 activation. The incubation of hepatocytes with KC-CM significantly enhanced both naofen expression and caspase-3 activity. Moreover, the effects of the KC-CM-induced increase in naofen expression and caspase-3 activity were blocked by anti-TNF-α antibody.
CONCLUSION: TNF-α released from KCs treated with LPS may induce hepatic naofen expression, which then stimulates hepatocellular apoptosis through activation of caspase-3.
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Enhanced expression of WD repeat-containing protein 35 via nuclear factor-kappa B activation in bupivacaine-treated Neuro2a cells. PLoS One 2014; 9:e86336. [PMID: 24466034 PMCID: PMC3897669 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0086336] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2013] [Accepted: 12/09/2013] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
The family of WD repeat proteins comprises a large number of proteins and is involved in a wide variety of cellular processes such as signal transduction, cell growth, proliferation, and apoptosis. Bupivacaine is a sodium channel blocker administered for local infiltration, nerve block, epidural, and intrathecal anesthesia. Recently, we reported that bupivacaine induces reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation and p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) activation, resulting in an increase in the expression of WD repeat-containing protein 35 (WDR35) in mouse neuroblastoma Neuro2a cells. It has been shown that ROS activate MAPK through phosphorylation, followed by activation of nuclear factor-kappa B (NF-κB) and activator protein 1 (AP-1). The present study was undertaken to test whether NF-κB and c-Jun/AP-1 are involved in bupivacaine-induced WDR35 expression in Neuro2a cells. Bupivacaine activated both NF-κB and c-Jun in Neuro2a cells. APDC, an NF-κB inhibitor, attenuated the increase in NF-κB activity and WDR35 protein expression in bupivacaine-treated Neuro2a cells. GW9662, a selective peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-γ antagonist, enhanced the increase in NF-κB activity and WDR35 protein expression in bupivacaine-treated Neuro2a cells. In contrast, c-Jun siRNA did not inhibit the bupivacaine-induced increase in WDR35 mRNA expression. These results indicate that bupivacaine induces the activation of transcription factors NF-κB and c-Jun/AP-1 in Neuro2a cells, while activation of NF-κB is involved in bupivacaine-induced increases in WDR35 expression.
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Zeng WQ, Zhang JQ, Li Y, Yang K, Chen YP, Liu ZJ. A new method to isolate and culture rat kupffer cells. PLoS One 2013; 8:e70832. [PMID: 23967115 PMCID: PMC3743898 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0070832] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2013] [Accepted: 06/23/2013] [Indexed: 01/28/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Previous methods for Kupffer cells (KCs) isolation require sophisticated skills and tedious procedures. Few studies have attempted to explore the self-renewal capacity of KCs in vitro. Therefore, the aim of this study was to establish a simple method for rat KCs isolation and further investigate the mitotic potential of KCs in vitro. METHODS KCs were obtained by performing one-step perfusion, enzymatic tissue treatment, differential centrifugation and selective adherence. The proliferation ability of cultured KCs was determined by MTT assay and Propidium Iodide FACS analysis. Phagocytic assay and ED-1, ED-2 immunofluorescence were used to identify cell phenotype. After stimulation with LPS, the expression of surface antigens (MHCII, CD40, CD80, and CD86) and the production of cytokines (NF-κB, TNF-α, IL-6 and IL-10) were measured for cell function identification. RESULTS KCs were isolated with certain numbers and reasonable purities. The KCs were able to survive until at least passage 5 (P5), and at P3 showed equally strong phagocytic activity as primary KCs (P0). After stimulation with LPS, the change in the expression of surface antigens and the production of cytokines for P3 cells was similar to that for P0 cells. CONCLUSIONS Our study provides a simple and efficient method for KCs isolation, and reveals that self-renewing KCs have the same phagocytic activity and functions as primary KCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei-qun Zeng
- Hepatobiliary Surgery Department, Second Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Ji-qin Zhang
- Anesthesia Department, Second Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Yue Li
- Hepatobiliary Surgery Department, Second Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Kang Yang
- Hepatobiliary Surgery Department, Second Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Yu-pei Chen
- Anesthesia Department, Second Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Zuo-Jin Liu
- Hepatobiliary Surgery Department, Second Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
- * E-mail:
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Tsunekawa K, Kondo F, Okada T, Feng GG, Huang L, Ishikawa N, Okada S. Enhanced expression of WD repeat-containing protein 35 (WDR35) stimulated by domoic acid in rat hippocampus: involvement of reactive oxygen species generation and p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase activation. BMC Neurosci 2013; 14:4. [PMID: 23289926 PMCID: PMC3548691 DOI: 10.1186/1471-2202-14-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2012] [Accepted: 01/03/2013] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Domoic acid (DA) is an excitatory amino acid analogue of kainic acid (KA) that acts via activation of glutamate receptors to elicit a rapid and potent excitotoxic response, resulting in neuronal cell death. Recently, DA was shown to elicit reactive oxygen species (ROS) production and induce apoptosis accompanied by activation of p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) in vitro. We have reported that WDR35, a WD-repeat protein, may mediate apoptosis in several animal models. In the present study, we administered DA to rats intraperitoneally, then used liquid chromatography/ion trap tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) to identify and quantify DA in the brains of the rats and performed histological examinations of the hippocampus. We further investigated the potential involvement of glutamate receptors, ROS, p38 MAPK, and WDR35 in DA-induced toxicity in vivo. Results Our results showed that intraperitoneally administered DA was present in the brain and induced neurodegenerative changes including apoptosis in the CA1 region of the hippocampus. DA also increased the expression of WDR35 mRNA and protein in a dose- and time-dependent manner in the hippocampus. In experiments using glutamate receptor antagonists, the AMPA/KA receptor antagonist NBQX significantly attenuated the DA-induced increase in WDR35 protein expression, but the NMDA receptor antagonist MK-801 did not. In addition, the radical scavenger edaravone significantly attenuated the DA-induced increase in WDR35 protein expression. Furthermore, NBQX and edaravone significantly attenuated the DA-induced increase in p38 MAPK phosphorylation. Conclusion In summary, our results indicated that DA activated AMPA/KA receptors and induced ROS production and p38 MAPK phosphorylation, resulting in an increase in the expression of WDR35 in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Koji Tsunekawa
- Department of Pharmacology, Aichi Medical University School of Medicine, Nagakute, Aichi, Japan.
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Abe Y, Marukawa R, Tsuru N, Sato M, Matsuda H, Sadakata H, Kameda T, Minegishi T. Gram-negative bacterial lipopolysaccharide stimulates activin a secretion from human amniotic epithelial cells. Int J Endocrinol 2013; 2013:789012. [PMID: 23956746 PMCID: PMC3730212 DOI: 10.1155/2013/789012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2013] [Accepted: 07/01/2013] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Activin A is involved in inflammation. The present study was performed to clarify if lipopolysaccharide, a component of Gram-negative bacteria, stimulates activin A secretion from human amniotic epithelial cells and to determine if activin A plays a role in amnionitis. Fetal membranes were obtained during elective cesarean sections performed in full-term pregnancies of patients without systemic disease, signs of premature delivery, or fetal complications. Amniotic epithelial cells were isolated by trypsinization. The activin A concentrations in the culture media were measured by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay, and cell proliferation was assessed by 5-bromo-2'-deoxyuridine incorporation. Amniotic epithelial cells secreted activin A in a cell density-dependent manner, and lipopolysaccharide (10 μ g/mL) enhanced the secretion at each cell density. Lipopolysaccharide (10-50 μ g/mL) also stimulated activin A secretion in a dose-dependent manner. Contrary to the effect of activin A secretion, lipopolysaccharide inhibited cell proliferation in amniotic epithelial cells. The present study suggests that lipopolysaccharide stimulation of activin A secretion may be a mechanism in the pathogenesis of amnionitis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yumiko Abe
- Department of Laboratory Sciences, Graduate School of Health Sciences, Gunma University, 3-39-22 Showa, Maebashi, Gunma 371-8514, Japan
- *Yumiko Abe:
| | - Risa Marukawa
- Kuki General Hospital, Kuki, Saitama 346-0021, Japan
| | - Nami Tsuru
- Miyazaki Prefectural Nobeoka Hospital, Nobeoka, Miyazaki 882-0835, Japan
| | - Maki Sato
- Yokota Maternity Hospital, Maebashi, Gunma 371-0031, Japan
| | - Hiroko Matsuda
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Graduate School of Medicine, Gunma University, 3-39-22 Showa, Maebashi, Gunma 371-8511, Japan
| | - Hisanobu Sadakata
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Graduate School of Medicine, Gunma University, 3-39-22 Showa, Maebashi, Gunma 371-8511, Japan
| | - Takashi Kameda
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Graduate School of Medicine, Gunma University, 3-39-22 Showa, Maebashi, Gunma 371-8511, Japan
| | - Takashi Minegishi
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Graduate School of Medicine, Gunma University, 3-39-22 Showa, Maebashi, Gunma 371-8511, Japan
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Harato M, Huang L, Kondo F, Tsunekawa K, Feng GG, Fan JH, Ishikawa N, Fujiwara Y, Okada S. Bupivacaine-induced apoptosis independently of WDR35 expression in mouse neuroblastoma Neuro2a cells. BMC Neurosci 2012; 13:149. [PMID: 23227925 PMCID: PMC3541351 DOI: 10.1186/1471-2202-13-149] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2012] [Accepted: 12/07/2012] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Bupivacaine-induced neurotoxicity has been shown to occur through apoptosis. Recently, bupivacaine was shown to elicit reactive oxygen species (ROS) production and induce apoptosis accompanied by activation of p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) in a human neuroblastoma cell line. We have reported that WDR35, a WD40-repeat protein, may mediate apoptosis through caspase-3 activation. The present study was undertaken to test whether bupivacaine induces apoptosis in mouse neuroblastoma Neuro2a cells and to determine whether ROS, p38 MAPK, and WDR35 are involved. Results Our results showed that bupivacaine induced ROS generation and p38 MAPK activation in Neuro2a cells, resulting in apoptosis. Bupivacaine also increased WDR35 expression in a dose- and time-dependent manner. Hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) also increased WDR35 expression in Neuro2a cells. Antioxidant (EUK-8) and p38 MAPK inhibitor (SB202190) treatment attenuated the increase in caspase-3 activity, cell death and WDR35 expression induced by bupivacaine or H2O2. Although transfection of Neuro2a cells with WDR35 siRNA attenuated the bupivacaine- or H2O2-induced increase in expression of WDR35 mRNA and protein, in contrast to our previous studies, it did not inhibit the increase in caspase-3 activity in bupivacaine- or H2O2-treated cells. Conclusions In summary, our results indicated that bupivacaine induced apoptosis in Neuro2a cells. Bupivacaine induced ROS generation and p38 MAPK activation, resulting in an increase in WDR35 expression, in these cells. However, the increase in WDR35 expression may not be essential for the bupivacaine-induced apoptosis in Neuro2a cells. These results may suggest the existence of another mechanism of bupivacaine-induced apoptosis independent from WDR35 expression in Neuro2a cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Misako Harato
- Department of Anesthesiology, Aichi Medical University School of Medicine, Nagakute, Aichi 480-1195, Japan
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