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Cˇerná P, Botts MM, Williams M, Aboellail TA, Shropshire S. Fanconi syndrome with hepatorenal karyomegaly in a young Sphynx cat. JFMS Open Rep 2023; 9:20551169231190611. [PMID: 37810577 PMCID: PMC10559701 DOI: 10.1177/20551169231190611] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Case summary A 3-year-old male neutered Sphynx cat was referred for history of chronically increased liver enzymes and lower urinary tract signs that were first reported when the cat was 5 months old. Urine metabolic profile revealed increased amino aciduria and glucosuria despite normoglycemia, suggesting Fanconi syndrome. Urine sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis revealed a banding pattern suggestive of primary tubular damage. Serial blood work showed non-regenerative normocytic normochromic anemia, persistently elevated liver enzymes, worsening azotemia and progressive hyperchloremic metabolic acidosis. Ultrasound revealed irregular kidneys and bilaterally hyperechoic cortices and medullae with a loss of normal corticomedullary distinction. Laparoscopic kidney biopsy revealed a moderate-to-severe chronic interstitial fibrosis with chronic lymphoplasmacytic inflammation, tubular degeneration and atrophy, mild glomerulosclerosis and mild large vascular amyloidosis. Tubular epithelial cell karyomegaly was multifocally evident throughout the kidney. The liver had moderate diffuse zone 1 hepatocellular atrophy, periportal fibrosis, biliary hyperplasia, mild perisinusoidal amyloidosis and hepatocyte karyomegaly in zones 2 and 3. The patient continued to decline and developed polyuria, polydipsia, lethargy and hyporexia irrespective of rigorous management, which failed to curtail the progressive anemia and azotemia. The patient was euthanized 8 months from the onset of clinical signs. Relevance and novel information Fanconi syndrome in cats is a rare condition, with most reports occurring secondary to chlorambucil treatment. This is the first known case of Fanconi syndrome occurring with concurrent hepatorenal epithelial karyomegaly in a young Sphynx cat.
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Affiliation(s)
- Petra Cˇerná
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO, USA
| | - Michaela M Botts
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Pathology, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO, USA
| | - Maggie Williams
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada
| | - Tawfik A Aboellail
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Pathology, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO, USA
| | - Sarah Shropshire
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO, USA
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2
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Ullal TV, Lakin S, Gallagher B, Sbardellati N, Abdo Z, Twedt DC. Demographic and histopathologic features of dogs with abnormally high concentrations of hepatic copper. J Vet Intern Med 2022; 36:2016-2027. [DOI: 10.1111/jvim.16580] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2022] [Accepted: 10/18/2022] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
| | - Steven Lakin
- Colorado State University Fort Collins Colorado USA
| | | | | | - Zaid Abdo
- Colorado State University Fort Collins Colorado USA
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Quist EM, Choudhary S, Lang R, Tokarz DA, Hoenerhoff M, Nagel J, Everitt JI. Proceedings of the 2022 National Toxicology Program Satellite Symposium. Toxicol Pathol 2022; 50:836-857. [PMID: 36165586 DOI: 10.1177/01926233221124825] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
The 2022 annual National Toxicology Program Satellite Symposium, entitled "Pathology Potpourri," was held in Austin, Texas at the Society of Toxicologic Pathology's 40th annual meeting during a half-day session on Sunday, June 19. The goal of this symposium was to present and discuss challenging diagnostic pathology and/or nomenclature issues. This article presents summaries of the speakers' talks along with select images that were used by the audience for voting and discussion. Various lesions and topics covered during the symposium included induced and spontaneous neoplastic and nonneoplastic lesions in the mouse lung, spontaneous lesions in the reproductive tract of a female cynomolgus macaque, induced vascular lesions in a mouse asthma model and interesting case studies in a rhesus macaque, dog and genetically engineered mouse model.
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Affiliation(s)
- Erin M Quist
- Charles River Laboratories, Inc., Durham, North Carolina, USA
| | | | - Richard Lang
- Wake Forest University, Winston-Salem, North Carolina, USA
| | - Debra A Tokarz
- Experimental Pathology Laboratories, Inc., Durham, North Carolina, USA
| | - Mark Hoenerhoff
- University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
| | - Jonathan Nagel
- The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, USA.,North Carolina State University, Raleigh, North Carolina, USA
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Center SA, Richter KP, Twedt DC, Wakshlag JJ, Watson PJ, Webster CRL. Is it time to reconsider current guidelines for copper content in commercial dog foods? J Am Vet Med Assoc 2021; 258:357-364. [DOI: 10.2460/javma.258.4.357] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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Farshad O, Ommati MM, Yüzügülen J, Jamshidzadeh A, Mousavi K, Ahmadi Z, Azarpira N, Ghaffari H, Najibi A, Shafaghat M, Niknahad H, Heidari R. Carnosine Mitigates Biomarkers of Oxidative Stress, Improves Mitochondrial Function, and Alleviates Histopathological Alterations in the Renal Tissue of Cholestatic Rats. PHARMACEUTICAL SCIENCES 2020. [DOI: 10.34172/ps.2020.60] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Cholestatic liver disease primarily affects hepatic tissue. Cholestasis could also influence the function of other organs rather than the liver. Cholestasis-induced kidney injury is a severe clinical complication known as "cholemic nephropathy" (CN). Bile duct ligation (BDL) is a trustworthy experimental model for inducing CN. Although the precise mechanism of renal injury in cholestasis is not fully recognized, several studies revealed the role of oxidative stress in CN. There is no promising pharmacological intervention against CN. Carnosine (CAR) is a peptide extensively investigated for its pharmacological effects. Radical scavenging and antioxidative stress are major features of CAR. The current study aimed to evaluate the role of CAR supplementation on the CN. Methods: CAR was administered (250 and 500 mg/kg, i.p) to BDL rats for 14 consecutive days. Urine and serum markers of renal injury, biomarkers of oxidative stress in the kidney tissue, and renal histopathological alterations were monitored. Results: Significant elevation in oxidative stress biomarkers, including ROS formation, lipid peroxidation, oxidized glutathione (GSSG) levels, and protein carbonylation were found in the kidney of BDL rats. Moreover, renal tissue antioxidant capacity and reduced glutathione (GSH) levels were significantly decreased in the organ of cholestatic animals. Renal histopathological changes, including tubular atrophy, interstitial inflammation, tissue fibrosis, and cast formation, were detected in the kidney of BDL rats. It was found that CAR administration significantly protected the kidney of cholestatic animals. Conclusion: The antioxidative properties of this peptide might play a fundamental role in its protective properties during cholestasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Omid Farshad
- Pharmaceutical Sciences Research Center, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz Iran
| | - Mohammad Mehdi Ommati
- College of Life Sciences, Shanxi Agricultural University, Taigu, Shanxi 030801, Peoples’ Republic of China
| | - Jale Yüzügülen
- Eastern Mediterranean University, Faculty of Pharmacy, Famagusta, North Cyprus, Turkey
| | - Akram Jamshidzadeh
- Pharmaceutical Sciences Research Center, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz Iran
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, School of Pharmacy, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Khadijeh Mousavi
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, School of Pharmacy, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Zahra Ahmadi
- Eastern Mediterranean University, Faculty of Pharmacy, Famagusta, North Cyprus, Turkey
| | - Negar Azarpira
- Transplant Research Center, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Hasti Ghaffari
- Department of Veterinary Sciences, Islamic Azad University, Urmia Branch, Urmia, Iran
| | - Asma Najibi
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, School of Pharmacy, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Marzieh Shafaghat
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, School of Pharmacy, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Hossein Niknahad
- Pharmaceutical Sciences Research Center, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz Iran
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, School of Pharmacy, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Reza Heidari
- Pharmaceutical Sciences Research Center, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz Iran
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6
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Langlois DK, Querubin JR, Schall WD, Nelson NC, Smedley RC. Ammonium tetrathiomolybdate treatment of copper-associated hepatopathy in dogs. J Vet Intern Med 2019; 33:1336-1343. [PMID: 30883912 PMCID: PMC6524386 DOI: 10.1111/jvim.15474] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2018] [Accepted: 02/22/2019] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Copper‐associated hepatopathy (CAH) is a common cause of liver disease in dogs. Although d‐penicillamine can be an effective treatment, some dogs fail treatment or develop adverse effects. Ammonium tetrathiomolybdate (TTM) has been used to treat pathologic copper accumulation in other species, but its therapeutic potential for CAH is unknown. Objectives To investigate short‐term safety and efficacy of TTM for treatment of CAH. Animals Ten dogs with CAH. Methods Prospective study. All dogs were treated with TTM PO for 6 weeks, and hepatic biopsies were performed after the treatment course. Dog experiencing initial decreases in hepatic copper concentrations ([Cu]H) received 6 additional weeks of TTM treatment and underwent 1 additional biopsy. Physical and laboratory examinations were performed every 2 weeks for study duration. Results Eight of 10 dogs had decreases in [Cu]H. Compared to baseline (median, 1606 μg/g; range, 572‐5158 μg/g), [Cu]H were decreased at 6 weeks (1033 μg/g, 450‐2975 μg/g; P = .04) and 12 weeks (931 μg/g, 218‐1677 μg/g; P = .02). Hepatic molybdenum concentrations increased >50‐fold (P < 0.001). Changes in histologic scores and hematologic and biochemical test results were variable and not significantly different from baseline. One dog developed presumed immune‐mediated anemia and thrombocytopenia, but it was unclear if this was related to TTM administration. Conclusions and Clinical Importance Results suggest that TTM can effectively decrease [Cu]H in some dogs with CAH. Larger studies are needed to determine the overall safety and efficacy of TTM for treating CAH and how it compares with current treatments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel K Langlois
- Department of Small Animal Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan
| | - Janice R Querubin
- Department of Small Animal Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan
| | - William D Schall
- Department of Small Animal Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan
| | - Nathan C Nelson
- Department of Small Animal Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan
| | - Rebecca C Smedley
- Veterinary Diagnostic Laboratory, College of Veterinary Medicine, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan
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7
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Webster CRL, Center SA, Cullen JM, Penninck DG, Richter KP, Twedt DC, Watson PJ. ACVIM consensus statement on the diagnosis and treatment of chronic hepatitis in dogs. J Vet Intern Med 2019; 33:1173-1200. [PMID: 30844094 PMCID: PMC6524396 DOI: 10.1111/jvim.15467] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2019] [Accepted: 02/14/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
This consensus statement on chronic hepatitis (CH) in dogs is based on the expert opinion of 7 specialists with extensive experience in diagnosing, treating, and conducting clinical research in hepatology in dogs. It was generated from expert opinion and information gathered from searching of PubMed for manuscripts on CH, the Veterinary Information Network for abstracts and conference proceeding from annual meetings of the American College of Veterinary Medicine and the European College of Veterinary Medicine, and selected manuscripts from the human literature on CH. The panel recognizes that the diagnosis and treatment of CH in the dog is a complex process that requires integration of clinical presentation with clinical pathology, diagnostic imaging, and hepatic biopsy. Essential to this process is an index of suspicion for CH, knowledge of how to best collect tissue samples, access to a pathologist with experience in assessing hepatic histopathology, knowledge of reasonable medical interventions, and a strategy for monitoring treatment response and complications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cynthia R L Webster
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Cummings School of Veterinary Medicine at Tufts University, Grafton, Massachusetts
| | - Sharon A Center
- Department of Clinical Sciences, New York State College of Veterinary Medicine at Cornell University, Ithaca, New York
| | - John M Cullen
- Population Health and Pathobiology, North Carolina State Veterinary Medicine, Raleigh, North Carolina
| | - Dominique G Penninck
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Cummings School of Veterinary Medicine at Tufts University, Grafton, Massachusetts
| | - Keith P Richter
- Ethos Veterinary Health and Veterinary Specialty Hospital of San Diego, San Diego, California
| | - David C Twedt
- Department of Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, Colorado
| | - Penny J Watson
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom
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8
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Strickland JM, Buchweitz JP, Smedley RC, Olstad KJ, Schultz RS, Oliver NB, Langlois DK. Hepatic copper concentrations in 546 dogs (1982-2015). J Vet Intern Med 2018; 32:1943-1950. [PMID: 30294943 PMCID: PMC6272033 DOI: 10.1111/jvim.15308] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2018] [Revised: 07/05/2018] [Accepted: 07/26/2018] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Copper associated hepatitis (CAH) has been increasingly recognized in dogs, and speculation exists that hereditary defects in copper metabolism have been exacerbated by increased environmental copper exposure. However, no broad epidemiological investigations have been performed to investigate quantitative hepatic copper concentrations ([Cu]H ) over time in both dogs that are (predisposed breed [PB]), and are not (non-predisposed breed [NPB]), considered at-risk for CAH. OBJECTIVES To investigate [Cu]H in dogs and explore temporal, demographic, and histologic associations spanning 34 years. ANIMALS 546 archived liver specimens. METHODS Retrospective study. Searches of the Michigan State University Veterinary Diagnostic Laboratory database identified dogs that had undergone hepatic histopathologic assessment. Cases with archived tissue were reviewed and classified by breed, time period, and presence or absence of hepatitis. Inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry was used to determine [Cu]H . RESULTS In time period 2009-2015, median [Cu]H were 101 μg/g and 313 μg/g greater than median [Cu]H in time period 1982-1988 for NPB and PB dogs, respectively (P < .001 for both comparisons). The proportion of dogs with [CU]H > 300 μg/g increased in NPB (28% to 49%) and PB dogs (48% to 71%) during these periods (P = .002 for both comparisons). Median [Cu]H in dogs with hepatitis increased 3-fold over time in both NPB (P = .004) and PB populations (P < .001). CONCLUSIONS AND CLINICAL IMPORTANCE The frequent recognition of CAH in recent years is likely due to the observed increases in [Cu]H over time. Importantly, effects are not limited to PB dogs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jaimie M. Strickland
- From the Department of Pathobiology and Diagnostic InvestigationCollege of Veterinary Medicine, Michigan State UniversityEast LansingMichigan48824
| | - John P. Buchweitz
- From the Department of Pathobiology and Diagnostic InvestigationCollege of Veterinary Medicine, Michigan State UniversityEast LansingMichigan48824
| | - Rebecca C. Smedley
- The Diagnostic Center for Population and Animal HealthCollege of Veterinary Medicine, Michigan State UniversityEast LansingMichigan48824
| | - Katherine J. Olstad
- From the Department of Pathobiology and Diagnostic InvestigationCollege of Veterinary Medicine, Michigan State UniversityEast LansingMichigan48824
| | - Ryan S. Schultz
- The Department of Small Animal Clinical SciencesCollege of Veterinary Medicine, Michigan State UniversityEast LansingMichigan48824
| | - N. Bari Oliver
- The Department of Small Animal Clinical SciencesCollege of Veterinary Medicine, Michigan State UniversityEast LansingMichigan48824
| | - Daniel K. Langlois
- The Department of Small Animal Clinical SciencesCollege of Veterinary Medicine, Michigan State UniversityEast LansingMichigan48824
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Hard GC. Critical review of renal tubule karyomegaly in non-clinical safety evaluation studies and its significance for human risk assessment. Crit Rev Toxicol 2018; 48:575-595. [DOI: 10.1080/10408444.2018.1503641] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
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10
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Bommer NX, Brownlie SE, Morrison LR, Chandler ML, Simpson JW. Fanconi Syndrome in Irish Wolfhound Siblings. J Am Anim Hosp Assoc 2018; 54:173-178. [PMID: 29558216 DOI: 10.5326/jaaha-ms-6439] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
Three juvenile male Irish wolfhound littermates presented with marked polyuria and polydipsia. The four female siblings were apparently unaffected. Diagnostic testing revealed glucosuria with normoglycemia, generalized aminoaciduria, hypokalemia and metabolic acidosis consistent with Fanconi syndrome. Renal ultrasonographic and histologic findings are presented. Cases were managed with a supplementation regimen based on a treatment protocol for Fanconi syndrome in basenjis. These dogs did not have angular limb deformities as documented previously in juvenile canine siblings with Fanconi syndrome. Fanconi syndrome has not been previously described in Irish wolfhound siblings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nick X Bommer
- From the Royal (Dick) School of Veterinary Studies, University of Edinburgh, Easter Bush Veterinary Centre, Roslin, Midlothian, Scotland
| | - Serena E Brownlie
- From the Royal (Dick) School of Veterinary Studies, University of Edinburgh, Easter Bush Veterinary Centre, Roslin, Midlothian, Scotland
| | - Linda R Morrison
- From the Royal (Dick) School of Veterinary Studies, University of Edinburgh, Easter Bush Veterinary Centre, Roslin, Midlothian, Scotland
| | - Marge L Chandler
- From the Royal (Dick) School of Veterinary Studies, University of Edinburgh, Easter Bush Veterinary Centre, Roslin, Midlothian, Scotland
| | - James W Simpson
- From the Royal (Dick) School of Veterinary Studies, University of Edinburgh, Easter Bush Veterinary Centre, Roslin, Midlothian, Scotland
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Yabuki A, Iwanaga T, Giger U, Sawa M, Kohyama M, Yamato O. Acquired Fanconi syndrome in two dogs following long-term consumption of pet jerky treats in Japan: case report. J Vet Med Sci 2017; 79:818-821. [PMID: 28381666 PMCID: PMC5447965 DOI: 10.1292/jvms.17-0043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Renal Fanconi syndrome has recently been associated with the ingestion of pet jerky treats from China in mostly small breed dogs in North America, Australia and Europe. We report here about two dogs with Fanconi syndrome
following pet jerky treats exposure in Japan. A mixed-breed dog and a French bulldog showed weight loss, polyuria and polydipsia. For years, the owners had been feeding large quantities of pet jerky treats containing chicken
prepared in China. Diagnostics revealed glycosuria without hyperglycemia, severe aminoaciduria, and in one case also ketonuria, hypokalemia and metabolic acidosis. A diagnosis of Fanconi syndrome associated with long-term
consumption of Chinese pet jerky treats was made. Both dogs recovered fully following withdrawal of the pet jerky treats and supportive care. Fanconi syndrome of dogs in association with the consumption of pet jerky treats of
Chinese origin can cause a broad proximal tubular defect with glycosuria and generalized amino aciduria, and should be also considered in Asia. Jerky treats associated Fanconi syndrome can be completely reversible following
withdrawal of the treats and supportive care to correct the metabolic abnormalities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Akira Yabuki
- Laboratory of Clinical Pathology, Joint Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Kagoshima University, 1-21-24 Kohrimoto, Kagoshima 890-0065, Japan
| | - Tomoko Iwanaga
- Veterinary Teaching Hospital, Joint Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Kagoshima University, 1-21-24 Kohrimoto, Kagoshima 890-0065, Japan
| | - Urs Giger
- Section of Medical Genetics, University of Pennsylvania, 3900 Delancey St, Philadelphia, PA 19104-6010, U.S.A
| | - Mariko Sawa
- Laboratory of Clinical Pathology, Joint Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Kagoshima University, 1-21-24 Kohrimoto, Kagoshima 890-0065, Japan
| | - Moeko Kohyama
- Laboratory of Clinical Pathology, Joint Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Kagoshima University, 1-21-24 Kohrimoto, Kagoshima 890-0065, Japan
| | - Osamu Yamato
- Laboratory of Clinical Pathology, Joint Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Kagoshima University, 1-21-24 Kohrimoto, Kagoshima 890-0065, Japan
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Cesbron N, Dorso L, Royer A, Dervilly‐Pinel G, Hervé J. Aminoaciduria Caused by Fanconi Syndrome in a Heifer. J Vet Intern Med 2017; 31:598-603. [PMID: 28109116 PMCID: PMC5354016 DOI: 10.1111/jvim.14605] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2016] [Revised: 08/30/2016] [Accepted: 09/26/2016] [Indexed: 12/01/2022] Open
Abstract
A case study of renal tubular dysfunction consistent with idiopathic Fanconi syndrome is reported in an 18-month-old Holstein heifer. The clinical, biochemical, and histopathological features are described. The heifer had clinical signs of growth retardation, wasting, and persistent diarrhea. Biochemical blood analysis identified hypokalemia, hyponatremia, and hypochloremia. Urinalysis identified glycosuria, proteinuria, and acidic pH. Histological examination of the kidney disclosed mild tubular necrosis with proteinaceous casts in the lumina of renal tubules. We performed LC-HRMS on urine to confirm Fanconi syndrome. Using this technique, we identified severe generalized aminoaciduria suggestive of idiopathic renal Fanconi syndrome in this heifer.
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Affiliation(s)
- N. Cesbron
- Clinic for RuminantsOniris – Nantes‐Atlantic National College of Veterinary Medicine, Food Science and EngineeringNantesLoire‐AtlantiqueFrance
- Laboratoire d'Etude des Résidus et Contaminants dans les Aliments (LABERCA)INRAOniris – Nantes‐Atlantic National College of Veterinary Medicine, Food Science and EngineeringNantesLoire‐AtlantiqueFrance
| | - L. Dorso
- Clinic for RuminantsOniris – Nantes‐Atlantic National College of Veterinary Medicine, Food Science and EngineeringNantesLoire‐AtlantiqueFrance
| | - A.‐L. Royer
- Laboratoire d'Etude des Résidus et Contaminants dans les Aliments (LABERCA)INRAOniris – Nantes‐Atlantic National College of Veterinary Medicine, Food Science and EngineeringNantesLoire‐AtlantiqueFrance
| | - G. Dervilly‐Pinel
- Laboratoire d'Etude des Résidus et Contaminants dans les Aliments (LABERCA)INRAOniris – Nantes‐Atlantic National College of Veterinary Medicine, Food Science and EngineeringNantesLoire‐AtlantiqueFrance
| | - J. Hervé
- Laboratoire d'Immuno‐Endocrinologie Cellulaire et MoléculaireINRAOniris – Nantes‐Atlantic National College of Veterinary Medicine, Food Science and EngineeringNantesLoire‐AtlantiqueFrance
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13
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King JB. Proximal tubular nephropathy in two dogs diagnosed with lead toxicity. Aust Vet J 2017; 94:280-4. [PMID: 27461352 DOI: 10.1111/avj.12463] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2015] [Revised: 09/11/2015] [Accepted: 10/28/2015] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
CASE REPORT Lead toxicity was diagnosed in two dogs presenting with vague clinical symptoms. Complete blood count, biochemical testing and imaging changes showed a metarubricytosis in dog 1, but were largely normal in dog 2. Both dogs had glucosuria and proteinuria on urinalysis consistent with damage to the proximal renal tubules. Both animals returned elevated blood lead levels. A history of ingestion of lead was reported by the owner in one dog and elucidated from the second owner once the animal had recorded elevated blood lead levels. CONCLUSION Lead toxicity is rarely reported in the human literature as a cause of proximal tubular dysfunction. To the author's knowledge this is the first case report specifically examining this in the dog. The clinical awareness that lead is a potential cause of proximal renal tubular dysfunction offers another tool to assist the clinician in the diagnostic process. This is particularly important given that the clinical signs and minimum database findings in animals with lead toxicosis are highly variable. Evidence of proximal tubular dysfunction should trigger the clinician to closely examine the history for a potential source of lead exposure and consider submitting samples to test blood lead levels.
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Affiliation(s)
- J B King
- Veterinary Specialist Services, Underwood, Queensland, Australia.
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14
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Abstract
Copper-associated hepatitis is recognized with increasing frequency in dogs. The disease is characterized by centrolobular hepatic copper accumulation, leading to hepatitis and eventually cirrhosis. The only way to establish the diagnosis is by histologic assessment of copper distribution and copper quantification in a liver biopsy. Treatment with the copper chelator d-penicillamine is the most commonly used treatment. In addition, a low-copper/high-zinc diet can help prevent accumulation or reaccumulation of hepatic copper. Mutations in the copper metabolism genes COMMD1 or ATP7A and ATP7B have been associated with hepatic copper concentrations in Bedlington terriers and Labrador retrievers respectively. In the Labrador retriever, dietary copper intake contributes strongly to the disease phenotype.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karen Dirksen
- Department of Clinical Sciences of Companion Animals, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Hille Fieten
- Department of Clinical Sciences of Companion Animals, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands.
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15
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Reinert NC, Feldman DG. Acquired Fanconi syndrome in four cats treated with chlorambucil. J Feline Med Surg 2016; 18:1034-1040. [PMID: 26170278 DOI: 10.1177/1098612x15593108] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Case series summary Fanconi syndrome (FS) is well described in humans and dogs, but has not been reported in cats. This case series describes four cats with acquired FS. On the basis of clinical signs and intestinal biopsies, all cats were initially diagnosed with alimentary lymphoma or inflammatory bowel disease. Treatment with chlorambucil and corticosteroids was started at standard doses, based on published protocols. Within 2–26 months of the start of treatment, glucosuria, despite normoglycemia, was identified incidentally on routine biochemical screening; FS was diagnosed with urine metabolic assays, confirming aminoaciduria and glucosuria in all four cases. Neither polyuria nor polydipsia were noted in any case, and only 1/4 cats had any clinical signs at the time of diagnosis. Partial or complete resolution of FS was seen in 3/4 cases within 3 months of discontinuing chlorambucil therapy. Relevance and novel information This is the first case series to document acquired FS in the cat, and the first to suggest a possible association between chlorambucil and acquired FS. Cats treated with chlorambucil should be monitored for the development of glucosuria, and discontinuation of chlorambucil should be considered if FS is identified. Further study into the association between chlorambucil and acquired FS in cats is warranted.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - David G Feldman
- VCA Los Angeles Veterinary Specialists, West Hollywood, CA, USA
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Igase M, Baba K, Shimokawa Miyama T, Noguchi S, Mizuno T, Okuda M. Acquired Fanconi syndrome in a dog exposed to jerky treats in Japan. J Vet Med Sci 2015; 77:1507-10. [PMID: 26062568 PMCID: PMC4667673 DOI: 10.1292/jvms.15-0180] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
A 6-year-old spayed female Jack Russell Terrier presented with a 1-month
history of lethargy, anorexia, vomiting and weight loss. The dog was fed beef and chicken
jerky treats daily in addition to a commercial diet. Laboratory tests revealed azotemia,
hypokalemia, hyperchloremia, metabolic acidosis and glucosuria with normoglycemia. Urine
amino acid analysis showed significant amino acid loss into the urine. Thus, Fanconi
syndrome was diagnosed, and based on the case history and extensive diagnostic testing,
excessive consumption of jerky treats was strongly suspected as the cause. Glucosuria
resolved 7 days after the withdrawal of jerky treats and fluid therapy. Aminoaciduria was
substantially, but not completely, improved 3 months after diagnosis. Mild azotemia
remained, suggesting chronic renal disease. To the best of our knowledge, this is the
first reported case of Fanconi syndrome following the consumption of jerky treats in
Japan.
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Affiliation(s)
- Masaya Igase
- Laboratory of Molecular Diagnostics and Therapeutics, Joint Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Yamaguchi University, Yamaguchi 753-8515, Japan
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Hooijberg EH, Furman E, Leidinger J, Brandstetter D, Hochleithner C, Sewell AC, Leidinger E, Giger U. Transient renal Fanconi syndrome in a Chihuahua exposed to Chinese chicken jerky treats. TIERAERZTLICHE PRAXIS AUSGABE KLEINTIERE HEIMTIERE 2015; 43:188-92. [PMID: 25966748 DOI: 10.15654/tpk-140841] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2014] [Accepted: 12/12/2014] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
Transient Fanconi syndrome without azotemia was diagnosed in a dog and was associated with ingestion of Chinese chicken jerky treats. Fanconi syndrome is a proximal renal tubular defect and a diagnosis was made based upon severe glucosuria with normoglycemia, and severe generalized aminoaciduria. The clinical signs of polyuria and polydipsia as well as the massive urinary metabolic abnormalities resolved after jerky treat withdrawal. While frequently seen in North America and Australia, this is the first report of jerky treat induced Fanconi syndrome in continental Europe. Clinicians should be aware of this potential intoxication and be vigilant for a history of jerky treat consumption in a dog with glucosuria.
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Affiliation(s)
- E H Hooijberg
- E. H. Hooijberg, Department of Companion Animal Clinical Studies, Faculty of Veterinary Science, University of Pretoria, Private Bag X04, Onderstepoort 0110, South Africa,
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Fieten H, Penning LC, Leegwater PAJ, Rothuizen J. New canine models of copper toxicosis: diagnosis, treatment, and genetics. Ann N Y Acad Sci 2014; 1314:42-8. [PMID: 24758744 DOI: 10.1111/nyas.12442] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
The One Health principle recognizes that human health, animal health, and environmental health are inextricably linked. An excellent example is the study of naturally occurring copper toxicosis in dogs to help understand human disorders of copper metabolism. Besides the Bedlington terrier, where copper toxicosis is caused by a mutation in the COMMD1 gene, more complex hereditary forms of copper-associated hepatitis were recognized recently in other dog breeds. The Labrador retriever is one such breed, where an interplay between genetic susceptibility and exposure to copper lead to clinical copper toxicosis. Purebred dog populations are ideal for gene mapping studies, and because genes involved in copper metabolism are highly conserved across species, newly identified gene mutations in the dog may help unravel the genetic complexity of different human forms of copper toxicosis. Furthermore, increasing knowledge with respect to diagnosis and treatment strategies will benefit both species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hille Fieten
- Department of Clinical Sciences of Companion Animals, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Utrecht University, Utrecht, the Netherlands
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Thompson MF, Fleeman LM, Kessell AE, Steenhard LA, Foster SF. Acquired proximal renal tubulopathy in dogs exposed to a common dried chicken treat: retrospective study of 108 cases (2007-2009). Aust Vet J 2014; 91:368-73. [PMID: 23980829 DOI: 10.1111/avj.12100] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 03/26/2013] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Proximal renal tubulopathy was reported in Australian dogs with markedly increased frequency from September 2007. METHODS Two veterinarian-completed surveys were launched in response to an increased incidence of acquired proximal renal tubulopathy in dogs. The selection criterion for inclusion was glucosuria with blood glucose < 10 mmol/L. Data collected included signalment, presenting signs, history of feeding treats, results of urinalysis and blood tests, treatment and time to resolution of clinical signs. RESULTS A total of 108 affected dogs were studied. All had been fed the same brand of dried chicken treats, made in China, for a median of 12 weeks (range, 0.3-78 weeks). Small breeds (< 10 kg) accounted for 88% of cases. Common presenting signs included polyuria/polydipsia (76%), lethargy (73%), inappetence (65%) and vomiting (54%). Common biochemical findings included euglycaemia (74%; 71/96), hypoglycaemia (23%; 22/96), acidosis (77%; 20/26), hypokalaemia (45%; 38/84), hypophosphataemia (37%; 28/75) and azotaemia (27%; 23/85). In addition to discontinuation of treats, 64 dogs received medical treatment, including intravenous fluids (52%) and oral electrolyte, amino acid or vitamin supplements. Six dogs died or were euthanased. Two dogs were necropsied. Histopathological findings consisted of proximal tubular necrosis accompanied by regeneration. Time to resolution of clinical signs in 35 survivors available for follow-up was < 2 weeks (n = 8), 2-4 weeks (n = 2), 5-7 weeks (n = 5) and 2-6 months (n = 10). CONCLUSION Of the 108 dogs with acquired proximal renal tubulopathy contemporaneous with chicken treat consumption, most survived but many required aggressive supportive care. The treats likely contained a toxin targeting the proximal renal tubules. Diet history and urinalysis were vital for diagnosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- M F Thompson
- School of Veterinary Science, The University of Queensland, Gatton, Queensland, 4072, Australia.
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Mesa‐Sánchez I, Purzycka K, Isidoro‐Ayza M, Ruiz de Gopegui‐Fernández R. Fanconi syndrome in a Bichon Maltese dog: a quantitative approach to acid–base analysis. VETERINARY RECORD CASE REPORTS 2014. [DOI: 10.1136/vetreccr-2013-000022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Ignacio Mesa‐Sánchez
- Veterinary FacultyDepartment of Animal Medicine and SurgeryUniversitat Autònoma de BarcelonaBarcelona08193Spain
| | - Katarzyna Purzycka
- Veterinary FacultyDepartment of Animal Medicine and SurgeryUniversitat Autònoma de BarcelonaBarcelona08193Spain
| | - Marcos Isidoro‐Ayza
- Veterinary FacultyServei de Diagnòstic de Patologia VeterinàriaUniversitat Autònoma de BarcelonaBarcelona08193Spain
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Langlois D, Smedley R, Schall W, Kruger J. Acquired Proximal Renal Tubular Dysfunction in 9 Labrador Retrievers with Copper-Associated Hepatitis (2006-2012). J Vet Intern Med 2013; 27:491-9. [DOI: 10.1111/jvim.12065] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2012] [Revised: 01/04/2013] [Accepted: 01/30/2013] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- D.K. Langlois
- Department of Small Animal Clinical Sciences; College of Veterinary Medicine; Lansing MI
| | - R.C. Smedley
- Diagnostic Center for Population and Animal Health (Smedley); Michigan State University; Lansing MI
| | - W.D. Schall
- Department of Small Animal Clinical Sciences; College of Veterinary Medicine; Lansing MI
| | - J.M. Kruger
- Department of Small Animal Clinical Sciences; College of Veterinary Medicine; Lansing MI
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Liver. CANINE AND FELINE GASTROENTEROLOGY 2013. [PMCID: PMC7161409 DOI: 10.1016/b978-1-4160-3661-6.00061-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/18/2023]
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Hooper AN, Roberts BK. Fanconi syndrome in four non-basenji dogs exposed to chicken jerky treats. J Am Anim Hosp Assoc 2012; 47:e178-87. [PMID: 22058368 DOI: 10.5326/jaaha-ms-5602] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
Four small-breed dogs were diagnosed with acquired Fanconi syndrome. All dogs ate varying amounts of chicken jerky treats. All dogs were examined for similar clinical signs that included, but were not limited to, lethargy, vomiting, anorexia, diarrhea, and altered thirst and urination. The quantity of chicken jerky consumed could not be determined; however, based on the histories obtained, the chicken jerky treats were a significant part of the diet and were consumed daily by all dogs. Extensive diagnostic testing eliminated other causes of the observed clinical signs, such as urinary tract infection and rickettsial disease. Glucosuria in the face of euglycemia or hypoglycemia, aminoaciduria, and metabolic acidosis confirmed the diagnosis of Fanconi syndrome. All dogs received supportive care, including IV fluids, antibiotics, gastroprotectants, and oral nutritional supplements. Three dogs exhibited complete resolution of glucosuria, proteinuria, and the associated azotemia; however, one dog remained azotemic, resulting in a diagnosis of chronic kidney disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ashley N Hooper
- Emergency and Critical Care Medicine Department, Cooper City, FL, USA.
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