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Correlations of corpus luteum blood flow with fertility and progesterone in embryo recipient mares. Trop Anim Health Prod 2021; 53:280. [PMID: 33885987 DOI: 10.1007/s11250-021-02583-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2020] [Accepted: 01/20/2021] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
The aim of this study was to evaluate the correlation between the corpus luteum vascularization with the concentration of progesterone and the fertility of embryo recipient mares. Mangalarga Marchador mares (n = 33) were distributed into groups according to the days (D) after ovulation, as follows: D3 (n = 8), D4 (n = 8), D5 (n = 9), and D6 (n = 8). The evaluations of the corpus luteum, endometrium, and blood collection to quantify the progesterone concentration were carried out on D3, D4, D5, and D6. Among the parameters evaluated, only progesterone concentration on D6 differed from the other groups (P <0.05). A positive correlation (P <0.05) between the diameter and the area of the corpus luteum, and the objective and subjective methods of the corpus luteum vascular perfusion, was identified. Likewise, a positive correlation (P <0.05) was observed between the objective and subjective methods of the vascular perfusion in the corpus luteum and the progesterone concentration. The pregnancy rate obtained in this study (54.54%) was not affected (P> 0.05) by the day of embryo transfer, whose percentages were 37.50% (3/8) on D3, 50% (4/8) on D4, 66.70% (6/9) on D5, and 62.50% (5/8) on D6. It was estimated that with each increase on the day of embryo transfer, the pregnancy rate increases. The results allow to conclude that the corpus luteum vascularization in mares, evaluated by Doppler ultrasound, correlates with progesterone concentration and the embryo transfer day.
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Kaps M, Okada CTC, Gautier C, Aurich J, Scarlet D, Kuhl J, Aurich C. Transient suppression of ovulatory ovarian function in pony mares after treatment with slow-release deslorelin implants. Domest Anim Endocrinol 2021; 74:106505. [PMID: 32846375 DOI: 10.1016/j.domaniend.2020.106505] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2020] [Revised: 05/27/2020] [Accepted: 05/28/2020] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Behavior during the estrous cycle of mares can affect their performance and therefore inhibition of cyclical ovarian activity is indicated. We hypothesized that implants containing the GnRH analog deslorelin downregulate GnRH receptors and inhibit ovulation in mares. The estrous cycles of Shetland mares were synchronized with 2 injections of a PGF2α analog. One day after the second injection (day 0), mares received 9.4 (group D1, n = 6) and 4.7 mg deslorelin (D2, n = 5) as slow-release implants or 1.25 mg short-acting deslorelin as a control (C, n = 5). Ultrasonography of the reproductive tract and ovaries and observation of estrous behavior and collection of blood samples for analysis of progesterone and LH concentrations were performed every second day until day 10 and thereafter at 5-d intervals. Stimulation tests with the GnRH-agonist buserelin were performed on days 10 and 45. Until day 50, there were less spontaneous ovulations in group D1 (P < 0.01) and estrous behavior was reduced in groups D1 and D2 compared with group C (P < 0.05). The time until first ovulation (D1 62.0 ± 8.6, D2 44.2 ± 14.1, C 22.2 ± 3.1 d, P < 0.05) and the number of days with estrous behavior (P < 0.05) differed among groups. On day 10 after treatment, a GnRH stimulation test revealed interactions between group and time (P < 0.001) in plasma LH concentration that were no longer detectable on day 45 after treatment. In conclusion, long-acting deslorelin implants result in a transient downregulation of pituitary GnRH receptors that is associated with inhibition of ovulation and estrous behavior in Shetland mares.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Kaps
- Artificial Insemination and Embryo Transfer, Department for Small Animals and Horses, Vetmeduni Vienna, Veterinärplatz 1, 1210 Vienna, Austria
| | - C T C Okada
- Artificial Insemination and Embryo Transfer, Department for Small Animals and Horses, Vetmeduni Vienna, Veterinärplatz 1, 1210 Vienna, Austria
| | - C Gautier
- Gynecology, Obstetrics and Andrology, Department for Small Animals and Horses, Vetmeduni Vienna, Veterinärplatz 1, 1210 Vienna, Austria
| | - J Aurich
- Gynecology, Obstetrics and Andrology, Department for Small Animals and Horses, Vetmeduni Vienna, Veterinärplatz 1, 1210 Vienna, Austria
| | - D Scarlet
- Gynecology, Obstetrics and Andrology, Department for Small Animals and Horses, Vetmeduni Vienna, Veterinärplatz 1, 1210 Vienna, Austria
| | - J Kuhl
- Artificial Insemination and Embryo Transfer, Department for Small Animals and Horses, Vetmeduni Vienna, Veterinärplatz 1, 1210 Vienna, Austria
| | - C Aurich
- Artificial Insemination and Embryo Transfer, Department for Small Animals and Horses, Vetmeduni Vienna, Veterinärplatz 1, 1210 Vienna, Austria.
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Yang F, Li N, Liu B, Yu J, Wu S, Zhang R, Yang W, Ji C, Sun Q, Ma J, Li M, Zhou J, Zhou X, Pietrani M, Losinno L, Zeng S. Practical protocols for timed artificial insemination of jennies using cooled or frozen donkey semen. Equine Vet J 2020; 53:1218-1226. [PMID: 33368497 DOI: 10.1111/evj.13412] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2020] [Revised: 11/03/2020] [Accepted: 12/11/2020] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND With the expansion of the donkey industry, timed artificial insemination (TAI) is becoming increasingly important in the reproductive management of jennies, however, TAI has not been widely investigated in donkeys. OBJECTIVES To develop efficient TAI protocols for cooled or frozen semen in jennies, based around ovulation induction with a GnRH analogue. STUDY DESIGN Experimental exploratory study. METHODS AND RESULTS In experiment 1, the effects of different GnRH analogue (deslorelin) doses, follicle diameter (FD) at induction, repeated use of a GnRH analogue, and the influence of season on induction efficiency, as well as distribution of ovulations over time after induction were investigated. Induction efficiency was sufficient with 2.2 mg deslorelin (≥90% ovulation within 48 hours of treatment). Ovulation rate between 24 and 48 hours was highest when the FD at treatment was 31-35 mm, as compared to 25-30 mm or 36-40 mm. Repeated use of deslorelin or treatment during different seasons had no effect on induction efficiency. About 70% of ovulations occurred between 32 and 48 hours, and highest incidence of ovulation was at 36-38 hours after induction. In experiment 2, TAI using cooled semen (1 × 109 motile sperm in a 10 mL volume) was performed once at 8 hours after induction (n = 59). Pregnancy rate after TAI with cooled semen was 49.2% (29/59). In experiment 3, jennies were inseminated twice with 10 (n = 23), 5 (n = 31), 3 (n = 32), 2 (n = 82) and 1 (n = 66) straws (more than 50 × 106 motile spermatozoa in each 0.5 mL straw) of frozen semen at 34 and 42 hours after induction. The pregnancy rates were 30.4%, 35.5%, 34.4%, 29.3% and 28.8%, respectively (P > 0.05). MAIN LIMITATIONS In the frozen semen trial, 22.5% (68/302) jennies were excluded after failure to ovulate during the appropriate time interval. In addition, there were no control groups for the AI trials. CONCLUSION When FD reaches 31-35 mm, a donkey jenny can be inseminated once using cooled semen at 8 hours or twice using frozen semen at 34 and 42 hours after deslorelin treatment. The frozen semen TAI protocol resulted in acceptable pregnancy rates using 1 × 108 motile spermatozoa per cycle.
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Affiliation(s)
- Feng Yang
- National Engineering Laboratory for Animal Breeding, Key Laboratory of Animal Genetics and Breeding of the Ministry of Agriculture, College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Nan Li
- National Engineering Laboratory for Animal Breeding, Key Laboratory of Animal Genetics and Breeding of the Ministry of Agriculture, College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Bing Liu
- National Engineering Research Center for Gelatin-based Traditional Chinese Medicine, Done-E Country, China
| | - Jie Yu
- National Engineering Research Center for Gelatin-based Traditional Chinese Medicine, Done-E Country, China
| | - Shuaishuai Wu
- National Engineering Laboratory for Animal Breeding, Key Laboratory of Animal Genetics and Breeding of the Ministry of Agriculture, College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China.,National Engineering Research Center for Gelatin-based Traditional Chinese Medicine, Done-E Country, China
| | - Ruitao Zhang
- National Engineering Research Center for Gelatin-based Traditional Chinese Medicine, Done-E Country, China
| | - Weigang Yang
- National Engineering Laboratory for Animal Breeding, Key Laboratory of Animal Genetics and Breeding of the Ministry of Agriculture, College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Chuanliang Ji
- National Engineering Research Center for Gelatin-based Traditional Chinese Medicine, Done-E Country, China
| | - Qianqian Sun
- National Engineering Research Center for Gelatin-based Traditional Chinese Medicine, Done-E Country, China
| | - Jinliang Ma
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Yangzhou University, Jiangsu, China
| | - Min Li
- National Engineering Research Center for Gelatin-based Traditional Chinese Medicine, Done-E Country, China
| | - Jingqian Zhou
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Yangzhou University, Jiangsu, China
| | - Xiangshan Zhou
- National Engineering Research Center for Gelatin-based Traditional Chinese Medicine, Done-E Country, China
| | - Melina Pietrani
- Laboratory of equine Production, Faculty of Agriculture and Veterinary Medicine, National University of Rio Cuarto, Rio Cuarto, Argentina
| | - Luis Losinno
- Laboratory of equine Production, Faculty of Agriculture and Veterinary Medicine, National University of Rio Cuarto, Rio Cuarto, Argentina
| | - Shenming Zeng
- National Engineering Laboratory for Animal Breeding, Key Laboratory of Animal Genetics and Breeding of the Ministry of Agriculture, College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
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Dordas-Perpinyà M, Normandin L, Dhier T, Terris H, Cochard A, Frilley C, Huiban F, Bruyas JF. Single injection of triptorelin or buserelin acetate in saline solution induces ovulation in mares the same as a single injection of hCG. Reprod Domest Anim 2020; 55:374-383. [PMID: 31930759 DOI: 10.1111/rda.13632] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2019] [Accepted: 01/02/2020] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
The aim of this study was to assess the efficacy of different doses of buserelin acetate and another GnRH agonist, triptorelin acetate, in saline solution in a single subcutaneous injection, to induce ovulation of growing pre-ovulatory follicle in mare and compare it with the classical treatment of a single injection of hCG. The study is split into 3 experiments over different breeding seasons in the same stud with a random distribution of treatment. The first one was to compare the injection of 6 mg of buserelin with 1,500 IU of hCG; the second one consisted of comparing different doses of buserelin (6 mg and 3 mg); and the third one compared three different doses of buserelin (3, 2 and 1 mg), 0.1 mg of triptorelin with 1,500 IU of hCG as a control group. The results of all experiments showed the same efficacy between all treatments with mares ovulating between 24 and 48 hr after injection: experiment 1: hCG (78% n = 41) and buserelin 6 mg (90% n = 50); experiment 2: buserelin 6 mg (78,1% n = 192) and buserelin 3 mg (78% n = 341); and experiment 3: hCG (87% n = 106), buserelin 3 mg (84,7% n = 137), buserelin 2 mg (82,7% n = 104), buserelin 1 mg (87% n = 54) and triptorelin 0.1 mg (84,7% n = 72). In conclusion, this study contributes to erasing the dogma that has been established since 1975 that a single injection in solution without any long-acting excipient of a GnRH agonist cannot induce ovulation in the mare. This study also shows that a injection of 0.1 mg of triptorelin in solution is a good alternative for ovulation induction and is comparable to small doses of buserelin acetate in solution (1 mg) and 1,500 IU of the gold standard trigger hCG, mainly in countries where human formulation of buserelin is not available.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marta Dordas-Perpinyà
- Theriogenology unit, Nantes Veterinary College, ONIRIS BP 40706, Nantes cedex, France
| | | | | | | | - Anaïs Cochard
- Theriogenology unit, Nantes Veterinary College, ONIRIS BP 40706, Nantes cedex, France
| | - Camille Frilley
- Theriogenology unit, Nantes Veterinary College, ONIRIS BP 40706, Nantes cedex, France
| | - Fanny Huiban
- Theriogenology unit, Nantes Veterinary College, ONIRIS BP 40706, Nantes cedex, France
| | - Jean-François Bruyas
- Theriogenology unit, Nantes Veterinary College, ONIRIS BP 40706, Nantes cedex, France
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Irvine CH. The Nonpregnant Mare: A Review of Some Current Research and of the Last 25 Years of Endocrinology. Biol Reprod 2018. [DOI: 10.1093/biolreprod/52.monograph_series1.343] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
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Allen WR, Wilsher S. Half a century of equine reproduction research and application: A veterinary tour de force. Equine Vet J 2017; 50:10-21. [PMID: 28971522 DOI: 10.1111/evj.12762] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2017] [Accepted: 09/22/2017] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Over the past 50 years, per season pregnancy rate in Thoroughbred mares have risen from 70 to >90% and foaling rates from 55 to >80%. Some of the significant pharmacological treatments and diagnostic methods which have driven this marked improvement in breeding efficiency are reviewed. They include the application of artificial lighting to hasten the onset of ovulatory oestrous cyclicity in early Spring, rapid steroid hormone assays to aid in determining the stage and normality of the mare's cycle, prostaglandin analogues, synthetic progestagens and Gonadotrophin-releasing Hormone (GnRH) analogues to better control and manipulate her cycle to good effect, transrectal ultrasound scanning to monitor follicle growth, endometrial architecture and ovulation and to allow accurate, early pregnancy diagnosis thereby enabling successful ablation of one of twin conceptuses. Also, flexible videoendoscopy to monitor physiological and pathological changes in the uterine endometrium and rigid laparoscopy to apply prostaglandin to the oviducts to dislodge and clear suspected blockages of them to restore fertility. The outbreak of Contagious Equine Metritis in Newmarket in the spring of 1977 and the swabbing-related changes to mare and stallion management, plus the improved veterinary hygiene methods, which followed are also recounted. The past half century has witnessed many technical and therapeutic advances that have enhanced tremendously the diagnostic and treatment capabilities of studfarm veterinary surgeons. They, in turn, have improved greatly the efficiency of breeding Thoroughbreds and other types of horses.
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Affiliation(s)
- W R Allen
- The Paul Mellon Laboratory of Equine Reproduction, Newmarket, Suffolk, UK
| | - S Wilsher
- Sharjah Equine Hospital, Sharjah, UAE
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Tazawa SP, Gastal MO, Silva LA, Evans MJ, Gastal EL. Preovulatory Follicle Dynamics, and Ovulatory and Endometrial Responses to Different Doses of hCG and Prediction of Ovulation in Mares. J Equine Vet Sci 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jevs.2017.04.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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Finan SA, Lamkin EL, McKinnon AO. Comparative efficacy of BioRelease Deslorelin® injection for induction of ovulation in oestrus mares: a field study. Aust Vet J 2016; 94:338-40. [DOI: 10.1111/avj.12478] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2015] [Revised: 09/18/2015] [Accepted: 11/15/2015] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- SA Finan
- Goulburn Valley Equine Hospital; Congupna 3633 Victoria, Australia
| | - EL Lamkin
- Caledonian Holdings; Ascot Vale VIC Australia
| | - AO McKinnon
- Goulburn Valley Equine Hospital; Congupna 3633 Victoria, Australia
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9
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Govaere JLJ, Hoogewijs MK, De Schauwer C, De Vliegher S, Van Soom A, Duchateau L, de Kruif A. Effect of Artificial Insemination Protocol and Dose of Frozen/Thawed Stallion Semen on Pregnancy Results in Mares. Reprod Domest Anim 2014; 49:487-91. [DOI: 10.1111/rda.12316] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2013] [Accepted: 03/11/2014] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- JLJ Govaere
- Department of Reproduction, Obstetrics and Herd Health; Ghent University; Ghent Belgium
| | - MK Hoogewijs
- Department of Reproduction, Obstetrics and Herd Health; Ghent University; Ghent Belgium
| | - C De Schauwer
- Department of Reproduction, Obstetrics and Herd Health; Ghent University; Ghent Belgium
| | - S De Vliegher
- Department of Reproduction, Obstetrics and Herd Health; Ghent University; Ghent Belgium
| | - A Van Soom
- Department of Reproduction, Obstetrics and Herd Health; Ghent University; Ghent Belgium
| | - L Duchateau
- Faculty of Veterinary Science; Department of Physiology and Biometry; Ghent University; Ghent Belgium
| | - A de Kruif
- Department of Reproduction, Obstetrics and Herd Health; Ghent University; Ghent Belgium
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Yoon MJ. The Estrous Cycle and Induction of Ovulation in Mares. JOURNAL OF ANIMAL SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY 2012. [DOI: 10.5187/jast.2012.54.3.165] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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Ferris RA, Hatzel JN, Lindholm AR, Scofield DB, McCue PM. Efficacy of Deslorelin Acetate (SucroMate) on Induction of Ovulation in American Quarter Horse Mares. J Equine Vet Sci 2012. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jevs.2011.11.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/14/2022]
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Barbacini S, Zavaglia G, Gulden P, Marchi V, Necchi D. Retrospective study on the efficacy of hCG in an equine artificial insemination programme using frozen semen. EQUINE VET EDUC 2010. [DOI: 10.1111/j.2042-3292.2000.tb00067.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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A retrospective study of artificial insemination of 251 mares using chilled and fixed time frozen-thawed semen. Equine Vet J 2010; 40:572-6. [DOI: 10.2746/042516408x281199] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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Stout TAE, Colenbrander B. Suppressing reproductive activity in horses using GnRH vaccines, antagonists or agonists. Anim Reprod Sci 2004; 82-83:633-43. [PMID: 15271486 DOI: 10.1016/j.anireprosci.2004.04.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
There are a number of situations in which it is desirable to suppress part or all of the reproductive endocrine system in a horse, notably the competing animal whose tractability during training, or performance during competition, is compromised by the expression of sexual or aggressive behavior. The current therapeutic approaches to reproductive endocrine suppression include gonadectomy and progestagen administration, where the former carries surgical risks and entails irreversible loss of breeding potential, and effective progestagen therapy requires frequent administration for extended periods and is banned in some competing animals as potentially anabolic. In this context, preventing the action of gonadotrophin releasing hormone (GnRH) by blocking its pituitary receptors is an attractive alternative for reversibly rendering mares anestrus or depressing testosterone secretion or spermatogenesis in stallions. This paper reviews the data on effects, efficacy, reversibility, and side effects of GnRH vaccines, antagonists, and agonists for suppressing reproductive activity in horses, within the context of their potential place in the pharmacological armoury of the veterinary clinician.
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Affiliation(s)
- T A E Stout
- Department of Equine Sciences, Section of Reproduction, Utrecht University, Yalelaan 12, 3584 CM Utrecht, The Netherlands.
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Camillo F, Vannozzi I, Rota A, Di Luzio B, Romagnoli S, Aria G, Allen WR. Successful non-surgical transfer of horse embryos to mule recipients. Reprod Domest Anim 2003; 38:380-5. [PMID: 12950689 DOI: 10.1046/j.1439-0531.2003.00444.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
Mules, hybrids resulting from the mating of a horse mare (Equus caballus, 2n = 64) to a Jack donkey (E. asinus, 2n = 62), are generally infertile. Five horse embryos were transferred non-surgically to two cyclic and one acyclic recipient mules. In the mares and cycling mules, oestrus and ovulation were induced with, respectively, d-cloprostenol and human chorionic gonadotrophin (hCG). The acyclic mule, on the other hand, received oestradiol benzoate when the embryo donor was showing oestrus and progesterone after the donor had ovulated and until pregnancy diagnosis. Non-surgical embryo collections were attempted on day 7 after ovulation and recovered embryos were transferred transcervically into the mules' uteri. Mules that became pregnant were blood sampled serially for equine chorion gonadotrophin (eCG), progestagen and total conjugated oestrogen concentrations until around 6 months of gestation. The three embryos transferred to the acyclic mule did not produce any pregnancies whereas both embryos transferred to the cycling mules resulted in the birth of live foals. The peak concentration and duration of secretion of eCG differed markedly between the two pregnant mules, although both animals appeared to develop secondary corpora lutea beyond day 40 of gestation, as in normal intraspecies horse pregnancy. Moreover, the rise in serum oestrogen concentrations from around day 90 was also similar to that seen in normal pregnant mares. Parturition occurred spontaneously on day 348 of gestation in both mules and the resulting colt foals developed normally to weaning. Thus, cycling mules can carry a horse conceptus after non-surgical embryo transfer and give birth to a normal mature foal.
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Affiliation(s)
- F Camillo
- Dipartimento di Clinica Veterinaria, Università di Pisa, S. Piero a Grado (PI), Italy
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Johnson CA, Thompson DL, Cartmill JA. Pituitary responsiveness to GnRH in mares following deslorelin acetate implantation to hasten ovulation1. J Anim Sci 2002. [DOI: 10.1093/ansci/80.10.2681] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
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McCue PM, Farquhar VJ, Carnevale EM, Squires EL. Removal of deslorelin (Ovuplant) implant 48 h after administration results in normal interovulatory intervals in mares. Theriogenology 2002; 58:865-70. [PMID: 12212887 DOI: 10.1016/s0093-691x(02)00923-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Deslorelin implants, approved for use in inducing ovulation in mares, have been associated with prolonged interovulatory intervals in some mares. Administration of prostaglandins in the diestrous period, following a deslorelin-induced ovulation, has been reported to increase the incidence of delayed ovulations. The goals of the present study were: (1) to determine the percentage of mares given deslorelin that experience delayed ovulations with or without subsequent prostaglandin treatment, and (2) to determine if removal of the implant 48 h after administration would effect the interval to subsequent ovulation. We considered interovulatory intervals to be prolonged if they were greater than the mean +/- 2 standard deviation (S.D.) of the control group in study 1 and the hCG group in study 2. In study 1, we retrospectively reviewed reproduction records for 278 mares. We either allowed the mare to ovulate spontaneously or induced ovulation using deslorelin acetate implants or hCG. We administered prostaglandin intramuscularly, 5-9 days after ovulation in selected mares in each group. A higher percentage of mares which were induced to ovulate with deslorelin and given prostaglandins had a prolonged interovulatory interval (23.5%; n = 16), as compared to deslorelin-treated mares that did not receive prostaglandins (11.1%; n = 5). In study 2, we induced ovulation in mares with hCG (n = 47), a subcutaneous deslorelin implant via an implanting device provided by the manufacturer (n = 28), or a deslorelin implant via an incision in the neck (n = 43) and we removed the implant 48 h after administration. We administered prostaglandin to all mares 5-9 days after ovulation. In study 2, mares from which the implant was removed had a normal ovulation rate and none had a prolonged interval to ovulation. Administration of prostaglandin after deslorelin treatment was associated with a longer interval from luteolysis to ovulation than that found in mares not treated with deslorelin. Prostaglandin administration during diestrus may have exacerbated the increased interval to ovulation in deslorelin-treated mares. We hypothesize that prolonged secretion of deslorelin from the implant was responsible for the extended interovulatory intervals.
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Affiliation(s)
- P M McCue
- Animal Reproduction and Biotechnology Laboratory, Colorado State University, Ft Collins 80523, USA.
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Samper JC, Jensen S, Sergeant J, Estrada A. Timing of induction of ovulation in mares treated with Ovuplant or Chorulon. J Equine Vet Sci 2002. [DOI: 10.1016/s0737-0806(02)70080-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
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Farquhar VJ, McCue PM, Carnevale EM, Nett TM, Squires EL. Deslorelin acetate (Ovuplant) therapy in cycling mares: effect of implant removal on FSH secretion and ovarian function. Equine Vet J 2002; 34:417-20. [PMID: 12117117 DOI: 10.2746/042516402776249227] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Following induction of ovulation with deslorelin acetate (Ovuplant), gonadotrophin concentrations are reduced in the subsequent cycle, leading to increased interovulatory intervals in some mares. This study determined whether implant removal after 2 days prevented the decrease in gonadotrophin concentrations and follicular growth during the ensuing cycle. Twenty-four mares were randomised equally into 3 groups. Group 1 ovulated spontaneously, Groups 2 and 3 received the deslorelin implant to induce ovulation. Two days after treatment, the implant was removed from Group 3. On Day 10 postovulation, FSH was lower (P = 0.009) in Group 2, but not different between Groups 1 and 3. Follicular diameter on Day 14 was less (P<0.05) in Group 2 (19.0 +/- 2.1 mm) than in Groups 1 and 3 (36.6 +/- 2.5 and 30.5 +/- 2.0 mm, respectively). Interovulatory interval was longer (P<0.05) for Group 2 (25.8 +/- 2.9 days) compared to Groups 1 and 3 (18.5 +/- 0.7 and 19.4 +/- 0.3 days, respectively). Removal of the deslorelin implant eliminated the decreased FSH secretion and the increased interovulatory interval associated with implant administration. Therefore, it is recommended that the implant be removed after ovulation is detected to prevent the occurrence of a prolonged interovulatory interval.
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Affiliation(s)
- V J Farquhar
- Equine Reproduction Laboratory, Colorado State University, Fort Collins 80523, USA
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Abstract
Semen quality, mare status and mare management during estrus will have the greatest impact on pregnancy rates when breeding mares with frozen semen. If semen quality is not optimal, mare selection and reproductive management are crucial in determining the outcome. In addition to mare selection, client communication is a key factor in a frozen semen program. Old maiden mares and problem mares should be monitored for normal cyclicity and all, except young maidens, should have at least a uterine culture and cytology performed. Mares with positive bacterial cultures and cytologies should be treated at least three consecutive days when in estrus with the proper antibiotic. With frozen semen, timing the ovulation is highly desirable in order to reduce the interval between breeding and ovulation. The use of ovulation inducing agents such as human chorionic gonadotropin (hCG) or the GnRH analogue, deslorelin, are critical components to accurately time the insemination with frozen semen. Most hCG treated mares ovulate 48h post-treatment (12-72h) while most deslorelin (Ovuplant) treated mares ovulate 36-42h post-treatment. However, mares bred more than once during the breeding cycle appear to have a slight but consistent increase in pregnancy rate compared to mares bred only once pre- or post-ovulation. In addition, the "capacitation-like" changes inflicted on the sperm during the process of freezing and thawing appear to be responsible for the shorter longevity of cryopreserved sperm. Therefore, breeding closer to ovulation should increase the fertility for most stallions with frozen semen. Recent evidence would suggest that breeding close to the uterotubal junction increases the sperm numbers in the oviduct increasing the chances of pregnancy. Post-breeding examinations aid in determining ovulation and uterine fluid accumulations so that post-breeding therapies can be instituted if needed. Average pregnancy rates per cycle of mares bred with frozen semen are between 30 and 40% with a wide range between sires. Stallion and mare status are major factors in determining the success of frozen semen inseminations. Pregnancy rates are lower for barren and old maiden mares as well as those mares treated for uterine infections during the same cycle of the insemination. To maximize fertility with frozen semen, a careful selection of the stallions and mares, with proper client communication is critical. Dedication and commitment of mare owner and inseminator will have the most significant impact on the pregnancy rates.
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Affiliation(s)
- J C Samper
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS 66506, USA.
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Barrier-Battut I, Le Poutre N, Trocherie E, Hecht S, Grandchamp des Raux A, Nicaise JL, Vérin X, Bertrand J, Fiéni F, Hoier R, Renault A, Egron L, Tainturier D, Bruyas JF. Use of buserelin to induce ovulation in the cyclic mare. Theriogenology 2001; 55:1679-95. [PMID: 11393219 DOI: 10.1016/s0093-691x(01)00512-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
Inducing ovulation in a cyclic mare is often necessary. For this purpose, hCG has been used commonly, but the response can be reduced after successive administrations. The aims of this study were to test the effectiveness of buserelin in hastening ovulation in estrus mares, and its influence on fertility; and to investigate the effect of treatment on LH secretion. Five crossover trials were designed to compare the effect of two treatments: buserelin (40 microg in 4 doses i.v. at 12 h intervals) vs placebo (Experiments 1 and 2); buserelin 40 microg (in 4 doses i.v.) vs 20 microg (Experiment 3); buserelin (4 doses of 20 microg i.v.) vs hCG (1 dose of 2,500 IU i.v.) (Experiment 4); or buserelin (3 doses of 13.3 microg at 6 h interval) vs hCG (Experiment 5). In Experiment 2, blood samples were taken hourly until ovulation, for LH measurements. In Experiment 1, buserelin treatment significantly hastened ovulation. Reduction of the dose by half (Experiment 3) did not alter the effectiveness. In Experiments 4 and 5, buserelin was as effective as hCG in inducing ovulation between 24 and 48 h after initiation of treatment. Buserelin treatment induced a rise in LH concentration during the 48 h period of the experiment, and LH concentrations before ovulation were significantly higher in buserelin treated cycles than in placebo cycles. These experiments demonstrated the usefulness of two new protocols of administration of buserelin, as an alternative to hCG for induction of ovulation. One hypothesis explaining the mechanism of action is that the persistant rise in LH concentration could modify the ratio of biological/immunological LH, as it occurs physiologically, thereby hastening ovulation.
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Farquhar VJ, M. McCue P, Vanderwall DK, Squires EL. Efficacy of the gnrh agonist deslorelin acetate for inducing ovulation in mares relative to age of mare and season. J Equine Vet Sci 2000. [DOI: 10.1016/s0737-0806(00)80183-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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26
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USDA'S preparedness for West nile virus. J Equine Vet Sci 2000. [DOI: 10.1016/s0737-0806(00)80393-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
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27
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Johnson CA, Thompson DL, Kulinski KM, Guitreau AM. Prolonged interovulatory interval and hormonal changes in mares following the use of Ovuplant™ to hasten ovulation. J Equine Vet Sci 2000. [DOI: 10.1016/s0737-0806(00)70421-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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Abstract
This article reviews therapies and strategies commonly used to treat diseases of the mare's genital tract and modulate the reproductive cycle of the mare. Many reproductive treatments are based on historical use and empirical evidence rather than well controlled clinical studies. This article attempts to present practical information in a summary form while highlighting the need for continued research documenting the efficacy and safety of reproductive therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- N R Perkins
- Department of Large Animal Theriogenology, Massey University, Palmerston North, New Zealand.
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29
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Rossdale PD, Lambrecht P. Comparison of the interval between administration of hCG or GnRH implant and ovulation in oestrous mares. EQUINE VET EDUC 1998. [DOI: 10.1111/j.2042-3292.1998.tb00853.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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Meyers PJ, Bowman T, Blodgett G, Conboy HS, Gimenez T, Reid MP, Taylor BC, Thayer J, Jöchle W, Trigg TE. Use of the GnRH analogue, deslorelin acetate, in a slow-release implant to accelerate ovulation in oestrous mares. Vet Rec 1997; 140:249-52. [PMID: 9080642 DOI: 10.1136/vr.140.10.249] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
In two separate controlled clinical trials, the efficacy and safety of 2.2 mg of the GnRH analogue deslorelin, administered subcutaneously as a short-term implant to normally cycling mares in oestrus with a dominant ovarian follicle more than 30 mm in diameter, were evaluated, using a placebo as a negative control. The oestrous cycle of each mare was followed by teasing, palpation per rectum and transrectal ultrasonography. Follicles were monitored every 24 hours by ultrasonography until ovulation occurred. The mares were either mated naturally or inseminated artificially. In trial 1, 174 mares were treated at six locations in Canada, and in trial 2, 98 mares were treated at three locations in the USA. In trial 1, the treatment with deslorelin reduced the mean (sd) time to ovulation from 84.2 (48.4) hours to 50.2 (19.6) hours (P < 0.001) and in trial 2 it reduced it from 88.8 (40.3) hours to 54.1 (26.5) hours (P < 0.001). In trial 1, the percentage of mares ovulating within 48 hours increased from 37.7 per cent in control mares to 86.1 per cent in treated mares (P < 0.001) and in trial 2 the percentage increased from 26.5 to 80.9 per cent (P < 0.001). In trial 2, the duration of oestrus in the deslorelin-treated mares was reduced from 6.1 days to 4.3 days and the number of matings or artificial inseminations was reduced from 2.5 to 1.7 (P < 0.001). In trial 1, days 12 to 20 pregnancy rates for matings at the treatment oestrus were not different for deslorelin-treated (75.6 per cent) and placebo-treated (66.1 per cent) mares. In trial 2, days 12 to 20 pregnancy rates from matings at the treatment oestrus were lower for deslorelin-treated (58.7 per cent) than for placebo-treated (83.3 per cent) mares (P < 0.05), although pregnancy rates were similar for deslorelin-treated (97.1 per cent) and placebo-treated (95.0 per cent) mares after mating at the second oestrus. In both trials, pregnancy losses due to early or late abortions were within the normally expected range and similar for deslorelin-treated (3.6 and 3.7 per cent, respectively) and placebo-treated (13.4 and 7.5 per cent) mares. The treatments did not cause systemic side effects and local reactions at the implantation sites were slight and of short duration.
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Affiliation(s)
- P J Meyers
- Equine Research Centre, University of Guelph, Ontario, Canada
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McKinnon AO, Vasey JR, Lescun TB, Trigg TE. Repeated use of a GnRH analogue deslorelin (Ovuplant) for hastening ovulation in the transitional mare. Equine Vet J 1997; 29:153-5. [PMID: 9104567 DOI: 10.1111/j.2042-3306.1997.tb01659.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- A O McKinnon
- Goulburn Valley Equine Hospital, Shepparton, Victoria, Australia
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Gånheim A, Gånheim A, Jöchle W. Acceleration and timing of fertile ovulation in cyclic mares with a deslorelin implant. Acta Vet Scand 1996. [PMID: 8669367 DOI: 10.1186/bf03547654] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
In a blinded trial, the effectiveness and safety of 2.2 mg of the GnRH analog deslorelin acetate, administered in a short-term implant (STI) to normally cycling mares in estrus with a dominant ovarian follicle of 30 mm in diameter or larger, were evaluated, using a placebo implant as a negative control. A total of 39 mares received treatments at admittance with pre-randomized implants containing either 2.2 mg or 0 mg deslorelin. Mares were teased daily and examined rectally with ultrasound at 24 h intervals to determine time to ovulation and duration of estrus. The number of breedings and the pregnancy rate at 18 (+/- 3) and 38 (+/- 3) days were recorded, as were systemic side effects and local reactions at the implantation sites. Pregnancies resulting from breedings during the treatment estrus and/or from breedings during the next estrus were followed and the early and late pregnancy loss rate, the number of pregnancies going to term and of live-born foals was recorded. Mean follicle diameter at treatment was not significantly different between the deslorelin and placebo treatment group with 41.6 mm and 40.8 mm, respectively. Treatment with deslorelin STI reduced the time interval to ovulation significantly from 69.5 +/- 25.48 h to 42.7 +/- 12.35 h (p < 0.001). The percentage of mares having ovulated within 48 h rose from 26.3% to 95.0%, respectively, for placebo and deslorelin STI (p < 0.001). As a consequence, the duration of estrus in days and the percent of animals requiring more than 1 breeding were significantly reduced in deslorelin treated animals from 5.4 days to 4.6 days, and from 55.6% to 5.0%, respectively (p = 0.009 and = 0.001). The percent of mares pregnant from breedings at the treatment estrus (65.0% versus 44.4%) or the next estrus (83.3% versus 92.3%) was satisfactory and similar for deslorelin and placebo treated mares (p > 0.005), and in 70.0% and 66.7% of these once or twice bred mares did pregnancies go to term and live foals were born.
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Use of deslorelin short-term implants to induce ovulation in cycling mares during three consecutive estrous cycles. Anim Reprod Sci 1995. [DOI: 10.1016/0378-4320(95)01383-b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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Jöchle W, Trigg TE. Control of Ovulation in the Mare With Ovuplant™. A Short-Term Release Implant (STI) Containing The GNRH Analogue Deslorelin Acetate: Studies from 1990 to 1994. (A Review). J Equine Vet Sci 1994. [DOI: 10.1016/s0737-0806(06)81681-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
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36
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Lübbecke M, Klug E, Hoppen HO, Jöchle W. Attempts to Synchronize Estrus and Ovulation in Mares Using Progesterone (CIDR-B) and GnRH-Analog Deslorelin. Reprod Domest Anim 1994. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1439-0531.1994.tb00563.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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37
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Squires EL, Moran DM, Farlin ME, Jasko DJ, Keefe TJ, Meyers SA, Figueiredo E, McCue PM, Jochle W. Effect of dose of GnRH analog on ovulation in mares. Theriogenology 1994; 41:757-69. [PMID: 16727430 DOI: 10.1016/0093-691x(94)90185-l] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/1992] [Accepted: 11/04/1993] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
Proper timing of insemination for optimal conception is accomplished by frequent palpations per rectum, by ultrasonography of the preovulatory follicle and/or by treatment with hCG or GnRH. Sustained release of GnRH from implants has been shown to hasten ovulation. Therefore, 2 studies were conducted to evaluate the efficacy of a GnRH analog, deslorelin, for hastening ovulation in nonlactating cyclic mares. The GnRH implant was 2.3x3.7 mm and released deslorelin for 2 to 3 days. In Experiment 1, 60 nonlactating, cycling mares were assigned to 1 of 5 doses: 0, 1.2, 1.7, 2.2 and 2.7 mg per implant. Mares were assigned sequentially on the first day of estrus (Day 1). Ovaries were examined per rectum and with ultrasonography every 12 h until ovulation. Once the mares obtained a follicle>30 mm, they were injected subcutaneously with a GnRH implant. The mares were inseminated every other day during estrus with semen from 1 of 3 stallions. Pregnancy was determined with ultrasonography. Experiment 2, 40 nonlactating, cyclic mares were assigned to 1 of 5 treatments (same treatments as in Experiment 1). Data were obtained on interval to ovulation, duration of estrus and pregnancy rates at 12, 18 and 35 d after ovulation. Time to ovulation was shorter (P<0.05) in GnRH-treated mares than in control mares in the Experiment 1. Mean time to ovulation was 68, 49, 48, 47, 44 h in Experiment 1, and 91, 66, 58, 46, 58 h in Experiment 2 for mares given 0, 1.2, 1.7, 2.2 and 2.7 mg/mare in the 2 trials. Averaged for both experiments, the proportion of mares ovulating within 48 h of treatment was 40, 75, 85, 90 and 90% for 0, 1.2, 1.7, 2.2 and 2.7 mg/mare. For both experiments, there was no effect of GnRH on pregnancy rate. In summary, a subcutaneous implant containing GnRH analog induced ovulation in most mares by 48 h of injection, and there was no advantage of doses higher than 2.2 mg/mare.
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Affiliation(s)
- E L Squires
- Animal Reproduction and Biotechnology Laboratory, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO 80523, USA
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38
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Arbeiter K, Barth U, Jöchle W. Observations on the use of progesterone intravaginally and of deslorelin STI in acyclic mares for induction of ovulation. J Equine Vet Sci 1994. [DOI: 10.1016/s0737-0806(07)80309-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
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