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Andrés-Lasheras S, Zaheer R, Jelinski M, McAllister TA. Role of biofilms in antimicrobial resistance of the bacterial bovine respiratory disease complex. Front Vet Sci 2024; 11:1353551. [PMID: 38933702 PMCID: PMC11199855 DOI: 10.3389/fvets.2024.1353551] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2023] [Accepted: 06/04/2024] [Indexed: 06/28/2024] Open
Abstract
An increase in chronic, non-responsive bovine respiratory disease (BRD) infections in North American feedlot cattle is observed each fall, a time when cattle are administered multiple antimicrobial treatments for BRD. A number of factors are responsible for BRD antimicrobial treatment failure, with formation of biofilms possibly being one. It is widely accepted that biofilms play a role in chronic infections in humans and it has been hypothesized that they are the default lifestyle of most bacteria. However, research on bacterial biofilms associated with livestock is scarce and significant knowledge gaps exist in our understanding of their role in AMR of the bacterial BRD complex. The four main bacterial species of the BRD complex, Mannheimia haemolytica, Pasteurella multocida, Histophilus somni, and Mycoplasma bovis are able to form biofilms in vitro and there is evidence that at least H. somni retains this ability in vivo. However, there is a need to elucidate whether their biofilm-forming ability contributes to pathogenicity and antimicrobial treatment failure of BRD. Overall, a better understanding of the possible role of BRD bacterial biofilms in clinical disease and AMR could assist in the prevention and management of respiratory infections in feedlot cattle. We review and discuss the current knowledge of BRD bacteria biofilm biology, study methodologies, and their possible relationship to AMR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sara Andrés-Lasheras
- Lethbridge Research and Development Centre, Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, Lethbridge, AB, Canada
| | - Rahat Zaheer
- Lethbridge Research and Development Centre, Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, Lethbridge, AB, Canada
| | - Murray Jelinski
- Western College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, SK, Canada
| | - Tim A. McAllister
- Lethbridge Research and Development Centre, Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, Lethbridge, AB, Canada
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D'Apolito D, D'Aiello L, Pasqua S, Pecoraro L, Barbera F, Douradinha B, Di Martino G, Di Bartolo C, Conaldi PG. Strategy and validation of a consistent and reproducible nucleic acid technique for mycoplasma detection in advanced therapy medicinal products. Biologicals 2020; 64:49-57. [DOI: 10.1016/j.biologicals.2020.01.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2019] [Revised: 12/23/2019] [Accepted: 01/01/2020] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
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Dreolini L, Cullen M, Yung E, Laird L, Webb JR, Nelson BH, Hay KA, Balasundaram M, Kekre N, Holt RA. A Rapid and Sensitive Nucleic Acid Amplification Technique for Mycoplasma Screening of Cell Therapy Products. MOLECULAR THERAPY-METHODS & CLINICAL DEVELOPMENT 2020; 17:393-399. [PMID: 32128343 PMCID: PMC7044503 DOI: 10.1016/j.omtm.2020.01.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2019] [Accepted: 01/17/2020] [Indexed: 10/29/2022]
Abstract
Mycoplasma species (spp.) bacteria can infect cell cultures, posing a potential threat to recipients of cell therapy products. Conventional Mycoplasma testing methods are highly sensitive but typically require a minimum of 28 days to produce results. This delay is problematic if rapid results are needed to inform treatment decisions. Nucleic acid amplification technique (NAT) methods have been gaining favor for Mycoplasma testing due to their speed and specificity; however, they must first be qualified as meeting or exceeding the sensitivity of the compendial method. We present herein a NAT method for the detection of Mycoplasma that circumvents the need for live Mycoplasma spp. in the test procedure by instead being qualified using Mycoplasma spp. genomic DNA. We have demonstrated a lower limit of detection that exceeds the regulatory requirements set by Health Canada. This assay is now being used to screen clinical cell therapy products manufactured at our center.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lisa Dreolini
- Canada's Michael Smith Genome Sciences Centre, BC Cancer, Vancouver, BC V5Z 1L3, Canada
| | - Mark Cullen
- Canada's Michael Smith Genome Sciences Centre, BC Cancer, Vancouver, BC V5Z 1L3, Canada
| | - Eric Yung
- Canada's Michael Smith Genome Sciences Centre, BC Cancer, Vancouver, BC V5Z 1L3, Canada
| | - Lawrence Laird
- Canada's Michael Smith Genome Sciences Centre, BC Cancer, Vancouver, BC V5Z 1L3, Canada
| | - John R Webb
- Trev and Joyce Deeley Research Centre, BC Cancer, Victoria, BC V8R 6V5, Canada.,Department of Biochemistry and Microbiology, University of Victoria, Victoria, BC V8W 2Y2, Canada
| | - Brad H Nelson
- Trev and Joyce Deeley Research Centre, BC Cancer, Victoria, BC V8R 6V5, Canada.,Department of Biochemistry and Microbiology, University of Victoria, Victoria, BC V8W 2Y2, Canada.,Department of Medical Genetics, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC V6T 1Z4, Canada
| | - Kevin A Hay
- Terry Fox Laboratory, BC Cancer, Vancouver, BC V5Z 1L3, Canada.,Department of Medicine, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC V6T 1Z3, Canada
| | - Miruna Balasundaram
- Canada's Michael Smith Genome Sciences Centre, BC Cancer, Vancouver, BC V5Z 1L3, Canada
| | - Natasha Kekre
- Blood and Marrow Transplant Program, Ottawa Hospital Research Institute, Ottawa, ON K1H 8L6, Canada
| | - Robert A Holt
- Canada's Michael Smith Genome Sciences Centre, BC Cancer, Vancouver, BC V5Z 1L3, Canada.,Department of Medical Genetics, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC V6T 1Z4, Canada.,Molecular Biology & Biochemistry, Simon Fraser University, Burnaby, BC V5A 1S6, Canada
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Molla Kazemiha V, Bonakdar S, Amanzadeh A, Azari S, Memarnejadian A, Shahbazi S, Shokrgozar MA, Mahdian R. Real-time PCR assay is superior to other methods for the detection of mycoplasma contamination in the cell lines of the National Cell Bank of Iran. Cytotechnology 2016; 68:1063-80. [PMID: 25742733 PMCID: PMC4960155 DOI: 10.1007/s10616-015-9862-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2014] [Accepted: 02/14/2015] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Mycoplasmas are the most important contaminants of cell cultures throughout the world. They are considered as a major problem in biological studies and biopharmaceutical economic issues. In this study, our aim was to find the best standard technique as a rapid method with high sensitivity, specificity and accuracy for the detection of mycoplasma contamination in the cell lines of the National Cell Bank of Iran. Thirty cell lines suspected to mycoplasma contamination were evaluated by five different techniques including microbial culture, indirect DNA DAPI staining, enzymatic mycoalert(®) assay, conventional PCR and real-time PCR. Five mycoplasma-contaminated cell lines were assigned as positive controls and five mycoplasma-free cell lines as negative controls. The enzymatic method was performed using the mycoalert(®) mycoplasma detection kit. Real-time PCR technique was conducted by PromoKine diagnostic kits. In the conventional PCR method, mycoplasma genus-specific primers were designed to analyze the sequences based on a fixed and common region on 16S ribosomal RNA with PCR product size of 425 bp. Mycoplasma contamination was observed in 60, 56.66, 53.33, 46.66 and 33.33 % of 30 different cell cultures by real-time PCR, PCR, enzymatic mycoalert(®), indirect DNA DAPI staining and microbial culture methods, respectively. The analysis of the results of the different methods showed that the real-time PCR assay was superior the other methods with the sensitivity, specificity, accuracy, predictive value of positive and negative results of 100 %. These values were 94.44, 100, 96.77, 100 and 92.85 % for the conventional PCR method, respectively. Therefore, this study showed that real-time PCR and PCR assays based on the common sequences in the 16S ribosomal RNA are reliable methods with high sensitivity, specificity and accuracy for detection of mycoplasma contamination in cell cultures and other biological products.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Shahin Bonakdar
- National Cell Bank of Iran, Pasteur Institute of Iran, Tehran, Iran
| | - Amir Amanzadeh
- National Cell Bank of Iran, Pasteur Institute of Iran, Tehran, Iran
| | - Shahram Azari
- National Cell Bank of Iran, Pasteur Institute of Iran, Tehran, Iran
| | | | - Shirin Shahbazi
- Department of Medical Genetics, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran, Iran
| | | | - Reza Mahdian
- Molecular Medicine Department, Biotechnology Research Center, Pasteur Institute of Iran, Tehran, Iran.
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