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Fautt C, Hockett KL, Couradeau E. Evaluation of the taxonomic accuracy and pathogenicity prediction power of 16 primer sets amplifying single copy marker genes in the Pseudomonas syringae species complex. MOLECULAR PLANT PATHOLOGY 2023; 24:989-998. [PMID: 37132320 PMCID: PMC10346468 DOI: 10.1111/mpp.13337] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2022] [Revised: 02/24/2023] [Accepted: 03/23/2023] [Indexed: 05/04/2023]
Abstract
The Pseudomonas syringae species complex is composed of several closely related species of bacterial plant pathogens. Here, we used in silico methods to assess 16 PCR primer sets designed for broad identification of isolates throughout the species complex. We evaluated their in silico amplification rate in 2161 publicly available genomes, the correlation between pairwise amplicon sequence distance and whole genome average nucleotide identity, and trained naive Bayes classification models to quantify classification resolution. Furthermore, we show the potential for using single amplicon sequence data to predict type III effector protein repertoires, which are important determinants of host specificity and range.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chad Fautt
- Department of Plant Pathology and Environmental MicrobiologyPennsylvania State UniversityUniversity ParkPennsylvaniaUSA
- Department of Ecosystem Science and ManagementPennsylvania State UniversityUniversity ParkPennsylvaniaUSA
- Intercollege Graduate Degree Program in EcologyPennsylvania State UniversityUniversity ParkPennsylvaniaUSA
| | - Kevin L. Hockett
- Department of Plant Pathology and Environmental MicrobiologyPennsylvania State UniversityUniversity ParkPennsylvaniaUSA
- Intercollege Graduate Degree Program in EcologyPennsylvania State UniversityUniversity ParkPennsylvaniaUSA
| | - Estelle Couradeau
- Department of Ecosystem Science and ManagementPennsylvania State UniversityUniversity ParkPennsylvaniaUSA
- Intercollege Graduate Degree Program in EcologyPennsylvania State UniversityUniversity ParkPennsylvaniaUSA
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2
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Djitro N, Roach R, Mann R, Rodoni B, Gambley C. Characterization of Pseudomonas syringae Isolated from Systemic Infection of Zucchini in Australia. PLANT DISEASE 2022; 106:541-548. [PMID: 34645305 DOI: 10.1094/pdis-05-21-1039-re] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Zucchini plants with symptoms including twisted petioles, necrotic leaves, crown rot, and internal fruit rot were found in Bundaberg, Australia, at a commercial field for the first time during late autumn 2016, resulting in direct yield losses of 70 to 80%. Three Pseudomonas syringae strains isolated from symptomatic leaf (KL004-k1), crown (77-4C), and fruit (KFR003-1) were characterized and their pathogenicity evaluated on pumpkin, rockmelon, squash, and zucchini. Biochemical assays showed typical results for P. syringae. The three isolates differed, however, in that two produced fluorescent pigment (KFR003-1 and 77-4C) whereas the third, KL004-k1, was nonfluorescent. Multilocus sequence analysis classified the isolates to phylogroup 2b. The single-nucleotide polymorphism analysis of core genome from the Australian and closely related international isolates of P. syringae showed two separate clusters. The Australian isolates were clustered based on fluorescent phenotype. Pathogenicity tests demonstrated that all three isolates moved systemically within the inoculated plants and induced necrotic leaf symptoms in zucchini plants. Their identities were confirmed with specific PCR assays for P. syringae and phylogroup 2. Pathogenicity experiments also showed that the Eva variety of zucchini was more susceptible than the Rosa variety for all three isolates. Isolate KL004-k1 was more virulent than 77-4C on pumpkin, rockmelon, squash, and zucchini. This study expands the knowledge of P. syringae isolates that infect cucurbits and provides useful information for growers about the relative susceptibility of a range of cucurbit species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Noel Djitro
- School of Applied Systems Biology, La Trobe University, Bundoora, Victoria 3086, Australia
| | - Rebecca Roach
- Department of Agriculture and Fisheries, Ecosciences Precinct, Dutton Park, Queensland 4102, Australia
| | - Rachel Mann
- Agriculture Victoria Research, Department of Jobs, Precincts and Regions, AgriBio, Bundoora, Victoria 3083, Australia
| | - Brendan Rodoni
- School of Applied Systems Biology, La Trobe University, Bundoora, Victoria 3086, Australia
- Agriculture Victoria Research, Department of Jobs, Precincts and Regions, AgriBio, Bundoora, Victoria 3083, Australia
| | - Cherie Gambley
- Department of Agriculture and Fisheries, Maroochy Research Facility, Nambour, Queensland 4560, Australia
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3
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Smee M, Hendry TA. Context-dependent benefits of aphids for bacteria in the phyllosphere. Am Nat 2021; 199:380-392. [DOI: 10.1086/718264] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
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Newberry E, Bhandari R, Kemble J, Sikora E, Potnis N. Genome-resolved metagenomics to study co-occurrence patterns and intraspecific heterogeneity among plant pathogen metapopulations. Environ Microbiol 2020; 22:2693-2708. [PMID: 32207218 DOI: 10.1111/1462-2920.14989] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2019] [Revised: 03/09/2020] [Accepted: 03/18/2020] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
Assessment of pathogen diversity in agricultural fields is essential for informing management decisions and the development of resistant plant varieties. However, many population genomic studies have relied on culture-based approaches that do not provide quantitative assessment of pathogen populations at the field-level or the associated host microbiome. Here, we applied whole-genome shotgun sequencing of microbial DNA extracted directly from the washings of pooled leaf samples, collected from individual tomato and pepper fields in Alabama that displayed the classical symptoms of bacterial spot disease caused by Xanthomonas spp. Our results revealed that while the occurrence of both X. perforans and X. euvesicatoria within fields was limited, evidence of co-occurrence of up to three distinct X. perforans genotypes was obtained in 7 of 10 tomato fields sampled. These population dynamics were accompanied by the corresponding type 3 secreted effector repertoires associated with the co-occurring X. perforans genotypes, indicating that metapopulation structure within fields should be considered when assessing the adaptive potential of X. perforans. Finally, analysis of microbial community composition revealed that co-occurrence of the bacterial spot pathogens Pseudomonas cichorii and Xanthomonas spp. is common in Alabama fields and provided evidence for the non-random association of several other human and plant opportunists.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eric Newberry
- Department of Entomology and Plant Pathology, Auburn University, Auburn, AL, USA
| | - Rishi Bhandari
- Department of Entomology and Plant Pathology, Auburn University, Auburn, AL, USA
| | - Joseph Kemble
- Department of Horticulture, Auburn University, Auburn, AL, USA
| | - Edward Sikora
- Department of Entomology and Plant Pathology, Auburn University, Auburn, AL, USA.,Alabama Cooperative Extension System, Auburn, AL, USA
| | - Neha Potnis
- Department of Entomology and Plant Pathology, Auburn University, Auburn, AL, USA
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5
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Smee MR, Baltrus DA, Hendry TA. Entomopathogenicity to Two Hemipteran Insects Is Common but Variable across Epiphytic Pseudomonas syringae Strains. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2017; 8:2149. [PMID: 29312398 PMCID: PMC5742162 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2017.02149] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2017] [Accepted: 12/04/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Strains of the well-studied plant pathogen Pseudomonas syringae show large differences in their ability to colonize plants epiphytically and to inflict damage to hosts. Additionally, P. syringae can infect some sap-sucking insects and at least one P. syringae strain is highly virulent to insects, causing death to most individuals within as few as 4 days and growing to high population densities within insect hosts. The likelihood of agricultural pest insects coming into contact with transient populations of P. syringae while feeding on plants is high, yet the ecological implications of these interactions are currently not well understood as virulence has not been tested across a wide range of strains. To investigate virulence differences across strains we exposed the sweet potato whitefly, Bemisia tabaci, and the pea aphid, Acyrthosiphon pisum, both of which are cosmopolitan agricultural pests, to 12 P. syringae strains. We used oral inoculations with bacteria suspended in artificial diet in order to assay virulence while controlling for other variables such as differences in epiphytic growth ability. Generally, patterns of pathogenicity remain consistent across the two species of hemipteran insects, with bacterial strains from phylogroup II, or genomospecies 1, causing the highest rate of mortality with up to 86% of individuals dead after 72 h post infection. The rate of mortality is highly variable across strains, some significantly different from negative control treatments and others showing no discernable difference. Interestingly, one of the most pathogenic strains to both aphids and whiteflies (Cit7) is thought to be non-pathogenic on plants. We also found Cit7 to establish the highest epiphytic population after 48 h on fava beans. Between the nine P. syringae strains tested for epiphytic ability there is also much variation, but epiphytic ability was positively correlated with pathogenicity to insects, suggesting that the two traits may be linked and that strains likely to be found on plants may often be entomopathogenic. Our study highlights that there may be a use for epiphytic bacteria in the biological control of insect crop pests. It also suggests that interactions with epiphytic bacteria could be evolutionary and ecological drivers for hemipteran insects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Melanie R. Smee
- Department of Microbiology, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, United States
| | - David A. Baltrus
- School of Plant Sciences, The University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, United States
- School of Animal and Comparative Biomedical Sciences, The University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, United States
| | - Tory A. Hendry
- Department of Microbiology, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, United States
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6
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Morris CE, Barny M, Berge O, Kinkel LL, Lacroix C. Frontiers for research on the ecology of plant‐pathogenic bacteria: fundamentals for sustainability. MOLECULAR PLANT PATHOLOGY 2017; 18:308-319. [PMID: 27862839 PMCID: PMC6638276 DOI: 10.1111/mpp.12508] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2016] [Revised: 11/02/2016] [Accepted: 11/07/2016] [Indexed: 05/02/2023]
Abstract
Methods to ensure the health of crops owe their efficacy to the extent to which we understand the ecology and biology of environmental microorganisms and the conditions under which their interactions with plants lead to losses in crop quality or yield. However, in the pursuit of this knowledge, notions of the ecology of plant‐pathogenic microorganisms have been reduced to a plant‐centric and agro‐centric focus. With increasing global change, i.e. changes that encompass not only climate, but also biodiversity, the geographical distribution of biomes, human demographic and socio‐economic adaptations and land use, new plant health problems will emerge via a range of processes influenced by these changes. Hence, knowledge of the ecology of plant pathogens will play an increasingly important role in the anticipation and response to disease emergence. Here, we present our opinion on the major challenges facing the study of the ecology of plant‐pathogenic bacteria. We argue that the discovery of markedly novel insights into the ecology of plant‐pathogenic bacteria is most likely to happen within a framework of more extensive scales of space, time and biotic interactions than those that currently guide much of the research on these bacteria. This will set a context that is more propitious for the discovery of unsuspected drivers of the survival and diversification of plant‐pathogenic bacteria and of the factors most critical for disease emergence, and will set the foundation for new approaches to the sustainable management of plant health. We describe the contextual background of, justification for and specific research questions with regard to the following challenges:
Development of terminology to describe plant–bacterial relationships in terms of bacterial fitness. Definition of the full scope of the environments in which plant‐pathogenic bacteria reside or survive. Delineation of pertinent phylogenetic contours of plant‐pathogenic bacteria and naming of strains independent of their presumed life style. Assessment of how traits of plant‐pathogenic bacteria evolve within the overall framework of their life history. Exploration of possible beneficial ecosystem services contributed to by plant‐pathogenic bacteria.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cindy E. Morris
- INRA, UR0407 Plant Pathology Research UnitMontfavet84143France
| | - Marie‐Anne Barny
- Sorbonne Universités, UMR1392 INRA, UPMC Université Paris 06, CNRS, IRDDiderot Université Paris 07, UPEC Université Paris 12, Institut d'Ecologie et des Sciences de l'Environnement de Paris, Case 237, 4 place Jussieu75252ParisFrance
| | - Odile Berge
- INRA, UR0407 Plant Pathology Research UnitMontfavet84143France
| | - Linda L. Kinkel
- University of Minnesota1991 Upper Buford Circle, 495 Borlaug HallSt PaulMN55108‐0010USA
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7
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Borschinger B, Bartoli C, Chandeysson C, Guilbaud C, Parisi L, Bourgeay JF, Buisson E, Morris CE. A set of PCRs for rapid identification and characterization of Pseudomonas syringae phylogroups. J Appl Microbiol 2016; 121:903. [PMID: 27528015 DOI: 10.1111/jam.13219] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- B Borschinger
- INRA, Unité de Pathologie Végétale, Domaine de St Maurice, BP 94, 84140, Montfavet, France.,IMBE, Université d'Avignon et des Pays de Vaucluse, UMR CNRS IRD Aix Marseille Université, Site Agroparc BP 61207, 84911, Avignon, France
| | - C Bartoli
- INRA, Laboratoire des Interactions Plantes-Microorganismes (LIPM), UMR441, F-31326, Castanet-Tolosan, France.,CNRS, Laboratoire des Interactions Plantes-Microorganismes (LIPM), UMR2594, F-31326, Castanet-Tolosan, France
| | - C Chandeysson
- INRA, Unité de Pathologie Végétale, Domaine de St Maurice, BP 94, 84140, Montfavet, France
| | - C Guilbaud
- INRA, Unité de Pathologie Végétale, Domaine de St Maurice, BP 94, 84140, Montfavet, France
| | - L Parisi
- INRA, Unité de Pathologie Végétale, Domaine de St Maurice, BP 94, 84140, Montfavet, France
| | - J F Bourgeay
- INRA, Unité de Pathologie Végétale, Domaine de St Maurice, BP 94, 84140, Montfavet, France
| | - E Buisson
- IMBE, Université d'Avignon et des Pays de Vaucluse, UMR CNRS IRD Aix Marseille Université, Site Agroparc BP 61207, 84911, Avignon, France
| | - C E Morris
- INRA, Unité de Pathologie Végétale, Domaine de St Maurice, BP 94, 84140, Montfavet, France
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