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Luo Y, Huang C, Ye J, Octavia S, Wang H, Dunbar SA, Jin D, Tang YW, Lan R. Comparison of xMAP Salmonella Serotyping Assay With Traditional Serotyping and Discordance Resolution by Whole Genome Sequencing. Front Cell Infect Microbiol 2020; 10:452. [PMID: 33014887 PMCID: PMC7504902 DOI: 10.3389/fcimb.2020.00452] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2020] [Accepted: 07/23/2020] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Salmonella spp. are a major cause of foodborne illness throughout the world. Traditional serotyping by antisera agglutination has been used as a standard identification method for many years but newer nucleic acid-based tests have become available that may provide advantages in workflow and test turnaround time. In this study, we evaluated the Luminex® xMAP® Salmonella Serotyping Assay (SSA), a multiplex nucleic acid test capable of identifying 85% of the most common Salmonella serotypes, in comparison to the traditional serum agglutination test (SAT) on 4 standard strains and 255 isolates from human (224), environmental, and food (31) samples. Of the total of 259 isolates, 256 could be typed by the SSA. Of these, 197 (77.0%) were fully typed and 59 (23.0%) were partially typed. By SAT, 246 of the 259 isolates (95%) were successfully typed. Sixty isolates had discrepant results between SAT and SSA and were resolved using whole genome sequencing (WGS). By SAT, 80.0% (48/60) of the isolates were consistent with WGS while by SSA 91.7% (55/60) were partially consistent with WGS. By serovar, all 30 serovars except one tested were fully or partially typable. The workflow comparison showed that SSA provided advantages over SAT with a hands-on time (HOT) of 3.5 min and total turnaround time (TAT) of 6 h, as compared to 1 h HOT and 2–6 days TAT for SAT. Overall, this study showed that molecular serotyping is promising as a rapid method for Salmonella serotyping with good accuracy for typing most common Salmonella serovars circulating in China.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yun Luo
- School of Biotechnology and Biomolecular Sciences, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, Australia.,Zhejiang Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Hangzhou, China
| | - Chen Huang
- Zhejiang Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Hangzhou, China
| | - Julian Ye
- Zhejiang Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Hangzhou, China
| | - Sophie Octavia
- School of Biotechnology and Biomolecular Sciences, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Huanying Wang
- Key Laboratory of Microbial Technology and Bioinformatics of Zhejiang Province, Zhejiang Institute of Microbiology, Hangzhou, China
| | | | - Dazhi Jin
- Centre of Laboratory Medicine, Zhejiang Provincial People Hospital, People's Hospital of Hangzhou Medical College, Hangzhou, China.,School of Laboratory Medicine, Hangzhou Medical College, Hangzhou, China
| | - Yi-Wei Tang
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, United States.,Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Weill Medical College of Cornell University, New York, NY, United States.,Cepheid, Danaher Diagnostic Platform, Shanghai, China
| | - Ruiting Lan
- School of Biotechnology and Biomolecular Sciences, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, Australia
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A genoserotyping system for a fast and objective identification of Salmonella serotypes commonly isolated from poultry and pork food sectors in Belgium. Food Microbiol 2020; 91:103534. [PMID: 32539977 DOI: 10.1016/j.fm.2020.103534] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2020] [Accepted: 04/22/2020] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Humans are mostly contaminated by Salmonella through the consumption of pork- and poultry-derived food products. Therefore, a strict monitoring of Salmonella serotypes in food-producing animals is needed to limit the transmission of the pathogen to humans. Additionally, Salmonella can lead to economic loss in the food sector. Previously, a genoserotyping method using the MOL-PCR and Luminex technology was developed for the identification of the 6 Salmonella serotypes, and their variants, subjected to an official control in the Belgian food sector. In this study, 3 additional assays using the same technology were developed for the rapid and cost-effective detection of 13 dangerous highly invasive serotypes or other serotypes frequently isolated from the Belgian poultry and pork sector, i.e. Agona, Anatum, Brandenburg, Choleraesuis, Derby, Enteritidis vaccine strains, Gallinarum var. Gallinarum/Pullorum, Livingstone, Mbandaka, Minnesota, Ohio, Rissen and Senftenberg. Moreover, the previously developed first MOL-PCR assay was improved for S. Paratyphi B and serogroup O:3 detection. Finally, a Decision Support System hosted by a web application was created for an automatic and objective interpretation of the Luminex raw data. The 3 new assays and the modifications of the first assay were validated with a 100% accuracy, using 553 Salmonella and non-Salmonella strains in total.
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Moore MM, Nucci MJ, Madson SM, Wagley GS, Keys CE, Brown EW, McQUISTON JR, Fields PI. Evaluation of a Bead-Based Salmonella Molecular Serotyping Method for Salmonella Isolated from Food and Environmental Samples. J Food Prot 2019; 82:1973-1987. [PMID: 31644335 DOI: 10.4315/0362-028x.jfp-18-600] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
Salmonella is a leading cause of foodborne illness worldwide, and foods containing Salmonella (except raw meat and poultry products) are considered adulterated. Serotyping of Salmonella is an essential part of surveillance and investigation of outbreaks. This study evaluated a bead-based Salmonella molecular serotyping (SMS) method, which included the O-group 1, H-antigen, alternate target, and O-group 2 assays, compared with traditional serotyping. Salmonella was isolated from food, pet food, and environmental samples or were reference strains. A total of 572 isolates were analyzed by using two formats of the SMS method in comparison with traditional methods: 485 were analyzed by using Radix SMS (a custom user-mixed format), 218 were analyzed by using Luminex SMS (a commercial kit format), and 131 of the total isolates were analyzed by both formats for comparison. The SMS method was evaluated on the basis of the successful identification of antigens by the probes included in the method. The method identified 550 (96.2%) isolates as expected, 6 (1.0%) isolates were not identified as initially expected but were shown to be correctly identified by SMS after reanalysis by traditional serotyping, and 16 (2.8%) isolates not identified as expected possessed an antigen that should have been detected by the method but was not. Among the isolates considered correctly identified, 255 (44.6%) were identified to a single serovar, 44 (7.7%) required additional biochemical testing to differentiate variants or subspecies, and 251 (43.9%) were partially serotyped because probes for some antigens were not in the assay or had allelic variation for known serovars. Whole genome sequencing, SeqSero, and the Salmonella In Silico Typing Resource gave added confirmation for three isolates. Addition of the O-group 2 assay enabled the identification of 55 (9.6%) of 572 isolates. The SMS method could fully or partially serotype most isolates within a day. The SMS method should be a valuable tool when faster screening methods are needed, such as outbreaks and screening large numbers of environmental isolates.
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Affiliation(s)
- M M Moore
- U.S. Food and Drug Administration, Office of Regulatory Affairs, Pacific Northwest Laboratory, Applied Technology Center, Bothell, Washington 98021
| | - M J Nucci
- U.S. Food and Drug Administration, Office of Regulatory Affairs, Denver Laboratory, Lakewood, Colorado 80225
| | - S M Madson
- U.S. Food and Drug Administration, Office of Regulatory Affairs, Arkansas Laboratory, Jefferson, Arkansas 72079
| | - G S Wagley
- U.S. Food and Drug Administration, Office of Regulatory Affairs, Southeast Food and Feed Laboratory, Atlanta, Georgia 30309
| | - C E Keys
- U.S. Food and Drug Administration, Center for Food Safety and Applied Nutrition, Office of Regulatory Science, College Park, Maryland 20740
| | - E W Brown
- U.S. Food and Drug Administration, Center for Food Safety and Applied Nutrition, Office of Regulatory Science, College Park, Maryland 20740
| | - J R McQUISTON
- Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Division of Foodborne, Waterborne and Environmental Diseases, Enteric Diseases Laboratory Branch, Atlanta, Georgia 30333, USA
| | - P I Fields
- Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Division of Foodborne, Waterborne and Environmental Diseases, Enteric Diseases Laboratory Branch, Atlanta, Georgia 30333, USA
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Charlermroj R, Makornwattana M, Phuengwas S, Meerak J, Pichpol D, Karoonuthaisiri N. DNA-based bead array technology for simultaneous identification of eleven foodborne pathogens in chicken meat. Food Control 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodcont.2019.02.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
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Aydin M, Carter-Conger J, Gao N, Gilmore DF, Ricke SC, Ahn S. Molecular identification of common Salmonella serovars using multiplex DNA sensor-based suspension array. Anal Bioanal Chem 2018; 410:2637-2646. [DOI: 10.1007/s00216-018-0938-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2017] [Revised: 01/25/2018] [Accepted: 02/02/2018] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
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Zheng Z, Zheng W, Wang H, Pan J, Pu X. Serotype determination of Salmonella by xTAG assay. J Microbiol Methods 2017; 141:101-107. [PMID: 28818598 DOI: 10.1016/j.mimet.2017.08.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2017] [Revised: 08/12/2017] [Accepted: 08/12/2017] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Currently, no protocols or commercial kits are available to determine the serotypes of Salmonella by using Luminex MAGPIX®. In this study, an xTAG assay for serotype determination of Salmonella suitable for Luminex MAGPIX® is described and 228 Salmonella isolates were serotype determined by this xTAG assay. The xTAG assay consists of two steps: 1) Multiplex PCR to amplify simultaneously O, H and Vi antigen genes of Salmonella, and 2) Magplex-TAG™ microsphere hybridization to identify accurately the specific PCR products of different antigens. Compared with the serotyping results of traditional serum agglutination test, the sensitivity and specificity of the xTAG assay were 95.1% and 100%, respectively. The agreement rate of these two assays was 95.2%. Compared with Luminex xMAP® Salmonella Serotyping Assay (SSA) kit, the advantages of this xTAG assay are: First, the magnetic beads make it applicable to both the Luminex®100/200™ and MAGPIX® systems. Second, only primers rather than both primers and probes are needed in the xTAG assay, and the process of coupling antigen-specific oligonucleotide probes to beads is circumvented, which make the xTAG assay convenient to be utilized by other laboratories. The xTAG assay may serve as a rapid alternative or complementary method for traditional Salmonella serotyping tests, especially for laboratories that utilize the MAGPIX® systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhibei Zheng
- Hangzhou Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China.
| | - Wei Zheng
- Hangzhou Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Haoqiu Wang
- Hangzhou Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Jincao Pan
- Hangzhou Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Xiaoying Pu
- Hangzhou Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
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