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Jiang S, Wang W, Mou C, Zou J, Jin Z, Hao G, Chi YR. Facile access to benzofuran derivatives through radical reactions with heteroatom-centered super-electron-donors. Nat Commun 2023; 14:7381. [PMID: 37968279 PMCID: PMC10651860 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-023-43198-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2022] [Accepted: 11/03/2023] [Indexed: 11/17/2023] Open
Abstract
The development of suitable electron donors is critical to single-electron-transfer (SET) processes. The use of heteroatom-centered anions as super-electron-donors (SEDs) for direct SET reactions has rarely been studied. Here we show that heteroatom anions can be applied as SEDs to initiate radical reactions for facile synthesis of 3-substituted benzofurans. Phosphines, thiols and anilines bearing different substitution patterns work well in this inter-molecular radical coupling reaction and the 3-functionalized benzofuran products bearing heteroatomic functionalities are given in moderate to excellent yields. The reaction mechanism is elucidated via control experiments and computational methods. The afforded products show promising applications in both organic synthesis and pesticide development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shichun Jiang
- National Key Laboratory of Green Pesticide, Key Laboratory of Green Pesticide and Agricultural Bioengineering, Ministry of Education, Guizhou University, Guiyang, 550025, China
| | - Wei Wang
- National Key Laboratory of Green Pesticide, Key Laboratory of Green Pesticide and Agricultural Bioengineering, Ministry of Education, Guizhou University, Guiyang, 550025, China
| | - Chengli Mou
- Guizhou University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Guiyang, 550025, China
| | - Juan Zou
- Guizhou University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Guiyang, 550025, China
| | - Zhichao Jin
- National Key Laboratory of Green Pesticide, Key Laboratory of Green Pesticide and Agricultural Bioengineering, Ministry of Education, Guizhou University, Guiyang, 550025, China.
| | - Gefei Hao
- National Key Laboratory of Green Pesticide, Key Laboratory of Green Pesticide and Agricultural Bioengineering, Ministry of Education, Guizhou University, Guiyang, 550025, China.
| | - Yonggui Robin Chi
- National Key Laboratory of Green Pesticide, Key Laboratory of Green Pesticide and Agricultural Bioengineering, Ministry of Education, Guizhou University, Guiyang, 550025, China.
- School of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering, and Biotechnology, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore, 637371, Singapore.
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Gautam RK, Singh PK, Sakthivel K, Venkatesan K, Rao SS, Srikumar M, Vijayan J, Rakesh B, Ray S, Akhtar J, Meena BR, Langyan S, Ali S, Krishnamurthy SL. Marker-assisted enhancement of bacterial blight ( Xanthomonas oryzae pv . oryzae) resistance in a salt-tolerant rice variety for sustaining rice production of tropical islands. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2023; 14:1221537. [PMID: 37818314 PMCID: PMC10561094 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2023.1221537] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2023] [Accepted: 08/21/2023] [Indexed: 10/12/2023]
Abstract
Introduction Bacterial blight (BB) caused by Xanthomonas oryzae pv. oryzae is a major disease of rice, specially in the tropical regions of the world. Developing rice varieties with host resistance against the disease is the most effective and economical solution for managing the disease. Methods Pyramiding resistance genes (Xa4, xa5, xa13,and Xa21) in popular rice varieties using marker-assisted backcross breeding (MABB) has been demonstrated as a cost-effective and sustainable approach for establishing durable BB resistance. Here, we report our successful efforts in introgressing four resistance genes (Xa4, xa5, xa13, and Xa21) from IRBB60 to CARI Dhan 5, a popular salt-tolerant variety developed from a somaclonal variant of Pokkali rice, through functional MABB. Results and discussion Both BB and coastal salinity are among the major challenges for rice production in tropical island and coastal ecosystems. Plants with four, three, and two gene pyramids were generated, which displayed high levels of resistance to the BB pathogen at the BC3F2 stage. Under controlled salinity microplot environments, the line 131-2-175-1223 identified with the presence of three gene pyramid (Xa21+xa13+xa5) displayed notable resistance across locations and years as well as exhibited a salinity tolerance comparable to the recurrent parent, CARI Dhan 5. Among two BB gene combinations (Xa21+xa13), two lines, 17-1-69-334 and 46-3-95-659, demonstrated resistance across locations and years, as well as salt tolerance and grain production comparable to CARI Dhan 5. Besides salinity tolerance, five lines, 17-1-69-179, 46-3-95-655, 131-2-190-1197, 131-2-175-1209, and 131-2-175-1239, exhibited complete resistance to BB disease. Following multilocation testing, potential lines have been identified that can serve as a prospective candidate for producing varieties for the tropical Andaman and Nicobar Islands and other coastal locations, which are prone to BB and coastal salinity stresses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Raj Kumar Gautam
- Indian Council of Agricultural Research (ICAR)-Central Island Agricultural Research Institute, Port Blair, India
- Indian Council of Agricultural Research (ICAR)-National Bureau of Plant Genetic Resources, New Delhi, India
| | - Pankaj Kumar Singh
- Indian Council of Agricultural Research (ICAR)-Central Island Agricultural Research Institute, Port Blair, India
| | - Krishnan Sakthivel
- Indian Council of Agricultural Research (ICAR)-Central Island Agricultural Research Institute, Port Blair, India
- Indian Council of Agricultural Research (ICAR)-Indian Institute of Oilseeds Research, Hyderabad, India
| | - K. Venkatesan
- Indian Council of Agricultural Research (ICAR)-Central Island Agricultural Research Institute, Port Blair, India
- Indian Council of Agricultural Research (ICAR)-National Bureau of Plant Genetic Resources (NBPGR), Regional Research Station, Thrissur, Kerala, India
| | - Shyam S. Rao
- Indian Council of Agricultural Research (ICAR)-Central Island Agricultural Research Institute, Port Blair, India
| | - M. Srikumar
- Indian Council of Agricultural Research (ICAR)-Central Island Agricultural Research Institute, Port Blair, India
| | - Joshitha Vijayan
- Indian Council of Agricultural Research (ICAR)-Central Island Agricultural Research Institute, Port Blair, India
- Indian Council of Agricultural Research (ICAR)-National Institute for Plant Biotechnology, New Delhi, India
| | - B. Rakesh
- Indian Council of Agricultural Research (ICAR)-Central Island Agricultural Research Institute, Port Blair, India
| | - Soham Ray
- Indian Council of Agricultural Research (ICAR)-Indian Agricultural Research Institute, New Delhi, India
| | - Jameel Akhtar
- Indian Council of Agricultural Research (ICAR)-National Bureau of Plant Genetic Resources, New Delhi, India
| | - Bharat Raj Meena
- Indian Council of Agricultural Research (ICAR)-National Bureau of Plant Genetic Resources, New Delhi, India
| | - Sapna Langyan
- Indian Council of Agricultural Research (ICAR)-National Bureau of Plant Genetic Resources, New Delhi, India
| | - Sharik Ali
- Indian Council of Agricultural Research (ICAR)-National Bureau of Plant Genetic Resources, New Delhi, India
| | - S. L. Krishnamurthy
- Indian Council of Agricultural Research (ICAR)-Central Soil Salinity Research Institute, Karnal, India
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Gautam RK, Singh PK, Venkatesan K, Rakesh B, Sakthivel K, Swain S, Srikumar M, Zamir Ahmed SK, Devakumar K, Rao SS, Vijayan J, Ali S, Langyan S. Harnessing intra-varietal variation for agro-morphological and nutritional traits in a popular rice landrace for sustainable food security in tropical islands. Front Nutr 2023; 10:1088208. [PMID: 36908925 PMCID: PMC9995847 DOI: 10.3389/fnut.2023.1088208] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2022] [Accepted: 01/19/2023] [Indexed: 02/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction Rice crop meets the calorie and nutritional requirements of a larger segment of the global population. Here, we report the occurrence of intra-varietal variation in a popular rice landrace C14-8 traditionally grown under the geographical isolation of the Andaman Islands. Methods Based on grain husk color, four groups were formed, wherein the extent of intra-varietal variation was studied by employing 22 agro-morphological and biochemical traits. Results Among the traits studied, flavonoid and anthocyanin contents and grain yield exhibited a wider spectrum of variability due to more coefficients of variation (>25%). The first five principal components (PCs) of principal components analysis explained a significant proportion of the variation (91%) and the first two PCs explained 63.3% of the total variation, with PC1 and PC2 explaining 35.44 and 27.91%, respectively. A total of 50 highly variable SSR (HvSSR) markers spanning over 12 chromosomes produced 314 alleles, which ranged from 1 to 15 alleles per marker, with an average of 6.28. Of the 314 alleles, 64 alleles were found to be rare among the C14-8 selections. While 62% of HvSSR markers exhibited polymorphism among the C14-8 population, chromosomes 2, 7, 9, and 11 harbored the most polymorphic loci. The group clustering of the selections through HvSSR markers conformed to the grouping based on grain husk coloration. Discussion Our studies on the existence and pertinence of intra-varietal variations are expected to be of significance in the realms of evolutionary biology and sustainable food and nutritional security under the changing climate.
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Affiliation(s)
- Raj Kumar Gautam
- ICAR-Central Island Agricultural Research Institute, Port Blair, Andaman and Nicobar Islands, India.,ICAR-National Bureau of Plant Genetic Resources, Pusa, New Delhi, India
| | - Pankaj Kumar Singh
- ICAR-Central Island Agricultural Research Institute, Port Blair, Andaman and Nicobar Islands, India
| | - Kannan Venkatesan
- ICAR-Central Island Agricultural Research Institute, Port Blair, Andaman and Nicobar Islands, India
| | - Bandol Rakesh
- ICAR-Central Island Agricultural Research Institute, Port Blair, Andaman and Nicobar Islands, India
| | - Krishnan Sakthivel
- ICAR-Central Island Agricultural Research Institute, Port Blair, Andaman and Nicobar Islands, India.,ICAR-Indian Institute of Oilseed Research, Hyderabad, Telangana, India
| | - Sachidananda Swain
- ICAR-Central Island Agricultural Research Institute, Port Blair, Andaman and Nicobar Islands, India
| | - Muthulingam Srikumar
- ICAR-Central Island Agricultural Research Institute, Port Blair, Andaman and Nicobar Islands, India
| | - S K Zamir Ahmed
- ICAR-Central Island Agricultural Research Institute, Port Blair, Andaman and Nicobar Islands, India
| | - Kishnamoorthy Devakumar
- ICAR-Central Island Agricultural Research Institute, Port Blair, Andaman and Nicobar Islands, India.,ICAR-Sugarcane Breeding Institute, Coimbatore, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Shyam Sunder Rao
- ICAR-Central Island Agricultural Research Institute, Port Blair, Andaman and Nicobar Islands, India
| | - Joshitha Vijayan
- ICAR-Central Island Agricultural Research Institute, Port Blair, Andaman and Nicobar Islands, India.,ICAR-National Institute of Plant Biotechnology, Pusa, New Delhi, India
| | - Sharik Ali
- ICAR-National Bureau of Plant Genetic Resources, Pusa, New Delhi, India
| | - Sapna Langyan
- ICAR-National Bureau of Plant Genetic Resources, Pusa, New Delhi, India
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Sheoran N, Ganesan P, Mughal NM, Yadav IS, Kumar A. Genome assisted molecular typing and pathotyping of rice blast pathogen, Magnaporthe oryzae, reveals a genetically homogenous population with high virulence diversity. Fungal Biol 2021; 125:733-747. [PMID: 34420700 DOI: 10.1016/j.funbio.2021.04.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/26/2020] [Revised: 04/19/2021] [Accepted: 04/26/2021] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
Genome sequence-driven molecular typing tools have the potential to uncover the population biology and genetic diversity of rapidly evolving plant pathogens like Magnaporthe oryzae. Here, we report a new molecular typing technique -a digitally portable tool for population genetic analysis of M. oryzae to decipher the genetic diversity. Our genotyping tool exploiting allelic variations in housekeeping and virulence genes coupled with pathotyping revealed a prevalence of genetically homogenous populations within a single-field and plant niches such as leaf and panicle. The M. oryzae inciting leaf-blast and panicle-blast were confirmed to be genetically identical with no or minor nucleotide polymorphism in 17 genomic loci analyzed. Genetic loci such as Mlc1, Mpg1, Mps1, Slp1, Cal, Ef-Tu, Pfk, and Pgk were highly polymorphic as indicated by the haplotype-diversity, the number of polymorphic sites, and the number of mutations. The genetically homogenous single field population showed high virulence variability or diversity on monogenic rice differentials. The study indicated that the genetic similarity displayed by the isolates collected from a particular geographical location had no consequence on their virulence pattern on rice differentials carrying single/multiple resistance genes. The data on virulence diversity showed by the identical Sequence Types (STs) is indicative of no congruence between polymorphic virulence genes-based pathotyping and conserved housekeeping genes-based genotyping.
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Affiliation(s)
- Neelam Sheoran
- Division of Plant Pathology, ICAR-Indian Agricultural Research Institute, New Delhi, India.
| | - Prakash Ganesan
- Division of Plant Pathology, ICAR-Indian Agricultural Research Institute, New Delhi, India.
| | - Najeeb M Mughal
- Mountain Research Centre for Field Crops, Sher-e-Kashmir University of Agricultural Sciences & Technology of Kashmir, India.
| | - Inderjit Singh Yadav
- School of Agricultural Biotechnology, Punjab Agricultural University, Ludhiana, Punjab, India.
| | - Aundy Kumar
- Division of Plant Pathology, ICAR-Indian Agricultural Research Institute, New Delhi, India.
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