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Figueroa D, Corredor FA, Mamani-Cato RH, Gallegos-Acero RF, Condori-Rojas N, Estrada R, Heredia L, Salazar W, Quilcate C, Arbizu CI. Microsatellite-Based Genetic Diversity and Population Structure of Huacaya Alpacas ( Vicugna pacos) in Southern Peru. Animals (Basel) 2023; 13:ani13091552. [PMID: 37174589 PMCID: PMC10177232 DOI: 10.3390/ani13091552] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2022] [Revised: 02/28/2023] [Accepted: 03/09/2023] [Indexed: 05/15/2023] Open
Abstract
The alpaca population mostly consists of the Huacaya phenotype and is widely distributed in Southern Peru. This study aimed to estimate the genetic diversity and population structure of two Huacaya alpaca populations (Ajoyani and Quimsachata) using fourteen and twelve microsatellite markers for each population, respectively. A total of 168 alpaca biological samples were outsourced to Peruvian laboratories for DNA extraction and genotyping. For genetic diversity, observed heterozygosity (Ho), expected heterozygosity (He), polymorphism information content (PIC), and fixation indices values were estimated. An admixture analysis was performed for the population structure analysis. Different programs were used for these estimations. In total, 133 (Ajoyani) and 129 (Quimsachata) alleles were found, with a range of 4 to 17 by locus. The mean HO, HE, and PIC per marker for Ajoyani were 0.764 ± 0.112, 0.771 ± 0.1, and 0.736; for Quimsachata, they were 0.783 ± 0.087, 0.773 ± 0.095, and 0.738, respectively. The population structure showed no structure with K = 2. This study provides useful indicators for the creation of appropriate alpaca conservation programs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Deyanira Figueroa
- Dirección de Desarrollo Tecnológico Agrario, Instituto Nacional de Innovación Agraria (INIA), Av. La Molina 1981, Lima 15024, Peru
| | - Flor-Anita Corredor
- Dirección de Desarrollo Tecnológico Agrario, Instituto Nacional de Innovación Agraria (INIA), Av. La Molina 1981, Lima 15024, Peru
| | - Ruben H Mamani-Cato
- Dirección de Desarrollo Tecnológico Agrario, Instituto Nacional de Innovación Agraria (INIA), Estación Experimental Agraria Illpa, Puno 21002, Peru
| | - Roberto F Gallegos-Acero
- Facultad de Medicina Veterinaria y Zootecnia, Universidad Nacional del Altiplano, Av. Floral 1153, Puno 21001, Peru
| | - Nicoll Condori-Rojas
- Dirección de Desarrollo Tecnológico Agrario, Instituto Nacional de Innovación Agraria (INIA), Estación Experimental Agraria Illpa, Puno 21002, Peru
| | - Richard Estrada
- Dirección de Desarrollo Tecnológico Agrario, Instituto Nacional de Innovación Agraria (INIA), Av. La Molina 1981, Lima 15024, Peru
| | - Lizeth Heredia
- Dirección de Desarrollo Tecnológico Agrario, Instituto Nacional de Innovación Agraria (INIA), Av. La Molina 1981, Lima 15024, Peru
| | - Wilian Salazar
- Dirección de Desarrollo Tecnológico Agrario, Instituto Nacional de Innovación Agraria (INIA), Av. La Molina 1981, Lima 15024, Peru
| | - Carlos Quilcate
- Dirección de Desarrollo Tecnológico Agrario, Instituto Nacional de Innovación Agraria (INIA), Av. La Molina 1981, Lima 15024, Peru
| | - Carlos I Arbizu
- Dirección de Desarrollo Tecnológico Agrario, Instituto Nacional de Innovación Agraria (INIA), Av. La Molina 1981, Lima 15024, Peru
- Facultad de Ingeniería y Ciencias Agrarias, Universidad Nacional Toribio Rodríguez de Mendoza de Amazonas (UNTRM), Cl. Higos Urco 342, Chachapoyas 01001, Peru
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Echalar J, Barreta J. Introgression in domestic camelid productive systems in Bolivia. Small Rumin Res 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.smallrumres.2022.106742] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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Paredes GF, Yalta-Macedo CE, Gutierrez GA, Veli-Rivera EA. Genetic Diversity and Population Structure of Llamas ( Lama glama) from the Camelid Germplasm Bank-Quimsachata. Genes (Basel) 2020; 11:E541. [PMID: 32408471 PMCID: PMC7291211 DOI: 10.3390/genes11050541] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2020] [Revised: 04/30/2020] [Accepted: 05/04/2020] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Llamas (Lama glama) are invaluable resources of Peru. Despite their importance, their population is decreasing. The Camelid Germplasm Bank-Quimsachata was created as a guardian of this South American camelid (SAC) species and established a bank of llamas from their two types, Ch'aku and Q'ara. However, these populations need to present high genetic diversity to be considered suitable conservation stocks. Thus, in the present study, 13 microsatellites specific for the SAC were used to assess the current genetic variability and differentiation of the llama population from the Bank. The global population showed high genetic diversity with a total of 157 different alleles, with an average of 12.08 alleles per microsatellite, an expected and observed heterozygosity of 0.758 and 0.707, respectively, and an average polymorphic information content (PIC) of 0.723. Although considered as two different breeds and managed separately, the genetic differentiation between Ch'aku and Q'ara was low (FST = 0.01). Accordingly, the gene flow value was high (Nm = 30.5). Overall, our results indicate the existence of high genetic variation among individuals, and thus, this llama population could be considered a suitable genetic stock for their conservation and for sustainability programs. Additionally, the 13 microsatellites can be used to study other Peruvian llama populations and monitor the genetic variability of llamas from the Camelid Germplasm Bank-Quimsachata.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gabriela F. Paredes
- Laboratorio de Biología Molecular y Genómica, Dirección de Recursos Genéticos y Biotecnología, Instituto Nacional de Innovación Agraria (INIA). Av. La Molina 1981, 15024 Lima, Peru;
| | - Claudia E. Yalta-Macedo
- Laboratorio de Biología Molecular y Genómica, Dirección de Recursos Genéticos y Biotecnología, Instituto Nacional de Innovación Agraria (INIA). Av. La Molina 1981, 15024 Lima, Peru;
| | - Gustavo A. Gutierrez
- Facultad de Zootecnia, Universidad Nacional Agraria La Molina (UNALM), Av. La Molina s/n, 15024 Lima, Peru;
| | - Eudosio A. Veli-Rivera
- Laboratorio de Biología Molecular y Genómica, Dirección de Recursos Genéticos y Biotecnología, Instituto Nacional de Innovación Agraria (INIA). Av. La Molina 1981, 15024 Lima, Peru;
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Genetic diversity of GH1 and LEP genes in Argentine llama (Lama glama) populations. Small Rumin Res 2014. [DOI: 10.1016/j.smallrumres.2014.03.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
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