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Asemare S, Belay A, Kebede A, Sherfedin U. Ground and Excited State Dipole Moments of Metformin Hydrochloride using Solvatochromic Effects and Density Functional Theory. J Fluoresc 2024; 34:1207-1217. [PMID: 37505362 DOI: 10.1007/s10895-023-03355-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2023] [Accepted: 07/18/2023] [Indexed: 07/29/2023]
Abstract
In this research, the ground (µg) and excited (µe) state dipole moments of metformin hydrochlorides were determined using Lippert-Mataga, Bakhshiev's, Kawski-Chamma-Viallet, and Reichardt models from fluorescence emission and UV-Vis absorption spectra in various solvents. From solvatochromic effects the calculated excited (µe ) dipole moment of metformin hydrochloride were, 8.55 D, 8.34 D, 6.08 D, and 6.40 D using the Lippert-Mataga, Bakhshiev's, Kawski-Chamma-Viallet and Reichardt models respectively. The results also indicated that the dipole moment at the ground state is smaller than the excited state. This is due to solvent polarity having a stronger effect on fluorescence emission than absorption spectra. Similarly, from density functional theory, the calculated ground and excited states dipole moments of metformin hydrochloride using (DFT-B3LYP- 3-21+G*(μg = 10.02 D and μe = 11.94 D), DFT-B3LYP- 6-31+G (d, p) (μg = 8.44 D and μe = 10.87 D), and DFT-B3LYP- 6-311+G (d, p) (μg = 8.24 D and μe = 18.74 D)) analyzed by Gaussian 09W. From the optimized geometry of the molecule, the HOMO-LUMO energy band gap of metformin hydrochloride were computed using DFT [DFT-B3LYP- 3-21+G*(5.51 eV), DFT-B3LYP- 6-31+G (d, p) (5.66 eV), and DFT-B3LYP- 6-311+G (d, p) (5.70 eV)] respectively.
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Affiliation(s)
- Semahegn Asemare
- Department of Applied Physics, School of Applied Natural Sciences, Adama Science and Technology University, PO Box 1888, Adama, Ethiopia.
| | - Abebe Belay
- Department of Applied Physics, School of Applied Natural Sciences, Adama Science and Technology University, PO Box 1888, Adama, Ethiopia.
| | - Alemu Kebede
- Department of Applied Physics, School of Applied Natural Sciences, Adama Science and Technology University, PO Box 1888, Adama, Ethiopia
| | - Umer Sherfedin
- Department of Applied Physics, School of Applied Natural Sciences, Adama Science and Technology University, PO Box 1888, Adama, Ethiopia
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2
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Turpin R, Liu R, Munne PM, Peura A, Rannikko JH, Philips G, Boeckx B, Salmelin N, Hurskainen E, Suleymanova I, Aung J, Vuorinen EM, Lehtinen L, Mutka M, Kovanen PE, Niinikoski L, Meretoja TJ, Mattson J, Mustjoki S, Saavalainen P, Goga A, Lambrechts D, Pouwels J, Hollmén M, Klefström J. Respiratory complex I regulates dendritic cell maturation in explant model of human tumor immune microenvironment. J Immunother Cancer 2024; 12:e008053. [PMID: 38604809 PMCID: PMC11015234 DOI: 10.1136/jitc-2023-008053] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 03/04/2024] [Indexed: 04/13/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Combining cytotoxic chemotherapy or novel anticancer drugs with T-cell modulators holds great promise in treating advanced cancers. However, the response varies depending on the tumor immune microenvironment (TIME). Therefore, there is a clear need for pharmacologically tractable models of the TIME to dissect its influence on mono- and combination treatment response at the individual level. METHODS Here we establish a patient-derived explant culture (PDEC) model of breast cancer, which retains the immune contexture of the primary tumor, recapitulating cytokine profiles and CD8+T cell cytotoxic activity. RESULTS We explored the immunomodulatory action of a synthetic lethal BCL2 inhibitor venetoclax+metformin drug combination ex vivo, discovering metformin cannot overcome the lymphocyte-depleting action of venetoclax. Instead, metformin promotes dendritic cell maturation through inhibition of mitochondrial complex I, increasing their capacity to co-stimulate CD4+T cells and thus facilitating antitumor immunity. CONCLUSIONS Our results establish PDECs as a feasible model to identify immunomodulatory functions of anticancer drugs in the context of patient-specific TIME.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rita Turpin
- Translational Cancer Medicine, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Ruixian Liu
- Translational Cancer Medicine, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Pauliina M Munne
- Translational Cancer Medicine, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Aino Peura
- Translational Cancer Medicine, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | | | | | - Bram Boeckx
- Department of Human Genetics, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Natasha Salmelin
- Translational Cancer Medicine, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Elina Hurskainen
- Translational Cancer Medicine, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Ilida Suleymanova
- Translational Cancer Medicine, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - July Aung
- University of Helsinki Faculty of Medicine, Helsinki, Finland
| | | | | | - Minna Mutka
- Department of Pathology, Helsinki University Central Hospital, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Panu E Kovanen
- Department of Pathology, HUSLAB, Helsinki University Central Hospital, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Laura Niinikoski
- Breast Surgery Unit, Helsinki University Central Hospital Comprehensive Cancer Center, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Tuomo J Meretoja
- Breast Surgery Unit, Helsinki University Central Hospital Comprehensive Cancer Center, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Johanna Mattson
- Department of oncology, Helsinki University Central Hospital, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Satu Mustjoki
- TRIMM, Translational Immunology Research Program, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
- University of Helsinki Helsinki Institute of Life Sciences, Helsinki, Finland
| | | | - Andrei Goga
- Department of Cell & Tissue Biology, UCSF, San Francisco, California, USA
| | | | - Jeroen Pouwels
- Translational Cancer Medicine, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | | | - Juha Klefström
- Translational Cancer Medicine, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
- Finnish Cancer Institute, Helsinki, Finland
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Shiba S, Harao M, Saito A, Sakuragi M, Kitayama J, Sata N. Metformin Alters Tumor Immune Microenvironment, Improving the Outcomes of Breast Cancer Patients With Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus. J Breast Cancer 2024; 27:121-129. [PMID: 38529589 PMCID: PMC11065500 DOI: 10.4048/jbc.2023.0285] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2023] [Revised: 01/25/2024] [Accepted: 02/06/2024] [Indexed: 03/27/2024] Open
Abstract
This study investigated the clinical effect of metformin on breast cancer patients with preexisting type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). We analyzed 177 patients with T2DM who underwent breast cancer surgery and assessed tumor-associated macrophages (TAMs) and tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes (TILs) in patients who underwent tumor resection with or without metformin treatment using multiplex immunohistochemistry (IHC). Patients who received metformin either pre- or postoperatively exhibited reduced distant organ recurrence and improved postoperative recurrence-free survival compared to those of patients who did not. Additionally, in a subgroup of 40 patients receiving preoperative systemic therapy, metformin treatment was associated with increased rates of pathological complete response. IHC analysis revealed significantly lower levels of cluster of differentiation (CD) 68(+) CD163(+) M2-type TAMs (p < 0.01) but higher CD3(+) and CD8(+) TIL densities in the metformin-treated group compared with the same parameters in those without metformin treatment, with a significant difference in the CD8(+)/CD3(+) TIL ratio (p < 0.01). Despite the constraints posed by our small sample size, our findings suggest a potential role for metformin in modulating the immunological microenvironment, which may contribute to improved outcomes in diabetes patients with breast cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Satomi Shiba
- Department of Surgery, Jichi Medical University, Shimotsuke, Japan
- Department of Breast Oncology, Jichi Medical University Hospital, Shimotsuke, Japan
| | - Michiko Harao
- Department of Surgery, Jichi Medical University, Shimotsuke, Japan
- Department of Breast Oncology, Jichi Medical University Hospital, Shimotsuke, Japan
| | - Akira Saito
- Department of Surgery, Jichi Medical University, Shimotsuke, Japan
| | - Masako Sakuragi
- Department of Surgery, Jichi Medical University, Shimotsuke, Japan
- Department of Breast Oncology, Jichi Medical University Hospital, Shimotsuke, Japan
| | - Joji Kitayama
- Department of Surgery, Jichi Medical University, Shimotsuke, Japan
- Department of Breast Oncology, Jichi Medical University Hospital, Shimotsuke, Japan.
| | - Naohiro Sata
- Department of Surgery, Jichi Medical University, Shimotsuke, Japan
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Ramzy A, Soliman AH, Hassanein SI, Sebak AA. Multitarget, multiagent PLGA nanoparticles for simultaneous tumor eradication and TME remodeling in a melanoma mouse model. Drug Deliv Transl Res 2024; 14:491-509. [PMID: 37612575 PMCID: PMC10761550 DOI: 10.1007/s13346-023-01413-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 08/08/2023] [Indexed: 08/25/2023]
Abstract
Despite the fact that chemoimmunotherapy has emerged as a key component in the era of cancer immunotherapy, it is challenged by the complex tumor microenvironment (TME) that is jam-packed with cellular and non-cellular immunosuppressive components. The aim of this study was to design a nanoparticulate system capable of sufficiently accumulating in the tumor and spleen to mediate local and systemic immune responses, respectively. The study also aimed to remodel the immunosuppressive TME. For such reasons, multi-functional polylactic-co-glycolic acid (PLGA) nanoparticles (NPs) were engineered to simultaneously eradicate the cancer cells, silence the tumor-associated fibroblasts (TAFs), and re-educate the tumor-associated macrophages (TAMs) using doxorubicin, losartan, and metformin, respectively. These agents were also selected for their ability to tip the balance of the splenic immune cells towards immunostimulatory phenotypes. To establish TAM and TAF cultures, normal macrophages and fibroblasts were incubated with B16F10 melanoma cell (Mel)-derived secretome. Drug-loaded PLGA NPs were prepared, characterized, and tested in the target cell types. Organ distribution of fluorescein-loaded PLGA NPs was evaluated in a mouse model of melanoma. Finally, the local and systemic effects of different combination therapy programs were portrayed. The in vitro studies showed that the drug-loaded PLGA NPs could significantly ablate the immunosuppressive nature of Mel and skew TAMs and TAFs towards more favorable phenotypes. While in vivo, PLGA NPs were proven to exhibit long blood circulation time and to localize preferentially in the tumor and the spleen. The combination of either metformin or losartan with doxorubicin was superior to the monotherapy, both locally and systemically. However, the three-agent combo produced detrimental effects in the form of compromised well-being, immune depletion, and metastasis. These findings indicate the potential of TME remodeling as means to prime the tumors for successful chemoimmunotherapy. In addition, they shed light on the importance of the careful use of combination therapies and the necessity of employing dose-reduction strategies. D-NPs doxorubicin-loaded NPs, M-NPs metformin-loaded NPs, L-NPs losartan-loaded NPs, TAMs tumor-associated macrophages, TAFs tumor-associated fibroblasts, PD-L1 programmed death ligand 1, TNF-α tumor necrosis factor alpha, TGF-β transforming growth factor beta, CD206/40/86 cluster of differentiation 206/40/86, α-SMA alpha-smooth muscle actin, MMPs matrix metalloproteases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Asmaa Ramzy
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, Faculty of Pharmacy & Biotechnology, the German University in Cairo, New Cairo, 11511, Egypt
| | - Aya H Soliman
- Department of Pharmaceutical Biology, Faculty of Pharmacy & Biotechnology, the German University in Cairo, New Cairo, 11511, Egypt
| | - Sally I Hassanein
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy & Biotechnology, the German University in Cairo, New Cairo, 11511, Egypt
| | - Aya A Sebak
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, Faculty of Pharmacy & Biotechnology, the German University in Cairo, New Cairo, 11511, Egypt.
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5
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Elemam NM, Mekky RY, Rashid G, Braoudaki M, Youness RA. Pharmacogenomic and epigenomic approaches to untangle the enigma of IL-10 blockade in oncology. Expert Rev Mol Med 2024; 26:e1. [PMID: 38186186 PMCID: PMC10941350 DOI: 10.1017/erm.2023.26] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2023] [Revised: 08/29/2023] [Accepted: 11/10/2023] [Indexed: 01/09/2024]
Abstract
The host immune system status remains an unresolved mystery among several malignancies. An immune-compromised state or smart immune-surveillance tactics orchestrated by cancer cells are the primary cause of cancer invasion and metastasis. Taking a closer look at the tumour-immune microenvironment, a complex network and crosstalk between infiltrating immune cells and cancer cells mediated by cytokines, chemokines, exosomal mediators and shed ligands are present. Cytokines such as interleukins can influence all components of the tumour microenvironment (TME), consequently promoting or suppressing tumour invasion based on their secreting source. Interleukin-10 (IL-10) is an interlocked cytokine that has been associated with several types of malignancies and proved to have paradoxical effects. IL-10 has multiple functions on cellular and non-cellular components within the TME. In this review, the authors shed the light on the regulatory role of IL-10 in the TME of several malignant contexts. Moreover, detailed epigenomic and pharmacogenomic approaches for the regulation of IL-10 were presented and discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Noha M. Elemam
- Research Instiute for Medical and Health Sciences, University of Sharjah, Sharjah, United Arab Emirates
- Clinical Sciences Department, College of Medicine, University of Sharjah, Sharjah, United Arab Emirates
| | - Radwa Y. Mekky
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, October University for Modern Sciences and Arts (MSA University), Cairo 12622, Egypt
| | - Gowhar Rashid
- Amity Medical School, Amity University, Gurugram (Manesar) 122413, Haryana, India
| | - Maria Braoudaki
- Department of Clinical, Pharmaceutical and Biological Sciences, School of Life and Medical Sciences, University of Hertfordshire, Hatfield AL10 9AB, UK
| | - Rana A. Youness
- Biology and Biochemistry Department, Faculty of Biotechnology, German International University, Cairo 11835, Egypt
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Alfaro I, Vega M, Romero C, Garrido MP. Mechanisms of Regulation of the Expression of miRNAs and lncRNAs by Metformin in Ovarian Cancer. Pharmaceuticals (Basel) 2023; 16:1515. [PMID: 38004379 PMCID: PMC10674581 DOI: 10.3390/ph16111515] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2023] [Revised: 10/16/2023] [Accepted: 10/19/2023] [Indexed: 11/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Ovarian cancer (OC) is one of the most lethal gynecological malignancies. The use of biological compounds such as non-coding RNAs (ncRNAs) is being considered as a therapeutic option to improve or complement current treatments since the deregulation of ncRNAs has been implicated in the pathogenesis and progression of OC. Old drugs with antitumoral properties have also been studied in the context of cancer, although their antitumor mechanisms are not fully clear. For instance, the antidiabetic drug metformin has shown pleiotropic effects in several in vitro models of cancer, including OC. Interestingly, metformin has been reported to regulate ncRNAs, which could explain its diverse effects on tumor cells. In this review, we discuss the mechanism of epigenetic regulation described for metformin, with a focus on the evidence of metformin-dependent microRNA (miRNAs) and long non-coding RNA (lncRNAs) regulation in OC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ignacio Alfaro
- Laboratory of Endocrinology and Reproductive Biology, Clinical Hospital University of Chile, Independencia 8380453, Chile
| | - Margarita Vega
- Laboratory of Endocrinology and Reproductive Biology, Clinical Hospital University of Chile, Independencia 8380453, Chile
- Obstetrics and Gynecology Department, Faculty of Medicine, University of Chile, Santiago 8380453, Chile
| | - Carmen Romero
- Laboratory of Endocrinology and Reproductive Biology, Clinical Hospital University of Chile, Independencia 8380453, Chile
- Obstetrics and Gynecology Department, Faculty of Medicine, University of Chile, Santiago 8380453, Chile
| | - Maritza P. Garrido
- Laboratory of Endocrinology and Reproductive Biology, Clinical Hospital University of Chile, Independencia 8380453, Chile
- Obstetrics and Gynecology Department, Faculty of Medicine, University of Chile, Santiago 8380453, Chile
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7
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Drzał A, Dziurman G, Hoła P, Lechowski J, Delalande A, Swakoń J, Pichon C, Elas M. Murine Breast Cancer Radiosensitization Using Oxygen Microbubbles and Metformin: Vessels Are the Key. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:12156. [PMID: 37569531 PMCID: PMC10418665 DOI: 10.3390/ijms241512156] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2023] [Revised: 07/25/2023] [Accepted: 07/26/2023] [Indexed: 08/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Radiotherapy is a cornerstone of cancer treatment, but tumor hypoxia and resistance to radiation remain significant challenges. Vascular normalization has emerged as a strategy to improve oxygenation and enhance therapeutic outcomes. In this study, we examine the radiosensitization potential of vascular normalization using metformin, a widely used anti-diabetic drug, and oxygen microbubbles (OMBs). We investigated the synergistic action of metformin and OMBs and the impact of this therapeutic combination on the vasculature, oxygenation, invasiveness, and radiosensitivity of murine 4T1 breast cancer. We employed in vivo Doppler ultrasonographic imaging for vasculature analysis, electron paramagnetic resonance oximetry, and immunohistochemical assessment of microvessels, perfusion, and invasiveness markers. Our findings demonstrate that both two-week metformin therapy and oxygen microbubble treatment normalize abnormal cancer vasculature. The combination of metformin and OMB yielded more pronounced and sustained effects than either treatment alone. The investigated therapy protocols led to nearly twice the radiosensitivity of 4T1 tumors; however, no significant differences in radiosensitivity were observed between the various treatment groups. Despite these improvements, resistance to treatment inevitably emerged, leading to the recurrence of hypoxia and an increased incidence of metastasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Agnieszka Drzał
- Faculty of Biochemistry, Biophysics and Biotechnology, Department of Biophysics and Cancer Biology, Jagiellonian University, 30-387 Krakow, Poland; (A.D.); (G.D.); (P.H.); (J.L.)
| | - Gabriela Dziurman
- Faculty of Biochemistry, Biophysics and Biotechnology, Department of Biophysics and Cancer Biology, Jagiellonian University, 30-387 Krakow, Poland; (A.D.); (G.D.); (P.H.); (J.L.)
- Doctoral School of Exact and Natural Sciences, Faculty of Biochemistry, Biophysics and Biotechnology, Department of Biophysics and Cancer Biology, Jagiellonian University, 30-387 Krakow, Poland
| | - Paweł Hoła
- Faculty of Biochemistry, Biophysics and Biotechnology, Department of Biophysics and Cancer Biology, Jagiellonian University, 30-387 Krakow, Poland; (A.D.); (G.D.); (P.H.); (J.L.)
| | - Jakub Lechowski
- Faculty of Biochemistry, Biophysics and Biotechnology, Department of Biophysics and Cancer Biology, Jagiellonian University, 30-387 Krakow, Poland; (A.D.); (G.D.); (P.H.); (J.L.)
| | - Anthony Delalande
- UFR Sciences and Techniques, University of Orleans, 45067 Orleans, France; (A.D.); (C.P.)
- Center for Molecular Biophysics, CNRS Orleans, 45071 Orleans, France
| | - Jan Swakoń
- Institute of Nuclear Physics, Polish Academy of Sciences, 31-342 Krakow, Poland;
| | - Chantal Pichon
- UFR Sciences and Techniques, University of Orleans, 45067 Orleans, France; (A.D.); (C.P.)
- Center for Molecular Biophysics, CNRS Orleans, 45071 Orleans, France
- Institut Universitaire de France, 75231 Paris, France
| | - Martyna Elas
- Faculty of Biochemistry, Biophysics and Biotechnology, Department of Biophysics and Cancer Biology, Jagiellonian University, 30-387 Krakow, Poland; (A.D.); (G.D.); (P.H.); (J.L.)
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8
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Xiao L, Wang Q, Peng H. Tumor-associated macrophages: new insights on their metabolic regulation and their influence in cancer immunotherapy. Front Immunol 2023; 14:1157291. [PMID: 37426676 PMCID: PMC10325569 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1157291] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2023] [Accepted: 06/12/2023] [Indexed: 07/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Tumor-associated macrophages (TAMs) are a dynamic and heterogeneous cell population of the tumor microenvironment (TME) that plays an essential role in tumor formation and progression. Cancer cells have a high metabolic demand for their rapid proliferation, survival, and progression. A comprehensive interpretation of pro-tumoral and antitumoral metabolic changes in TAMs is crucial for comprehending immune evasion mechanisms in cancer. The metabolic reprogramming of TAMs is a novel method for enhancing their antitumor effects. In this review, we provide an overview of the recent research on metabolic alterations of TAMs caused by TME, focusing primarily on glucose, amino acid, and fatty acid metabolism. In addition, this review discusses antitumor immunotherapies that influence the activity of TAMs by limiting their recruitment, triggering their depletion, and re-educate them, as well as metabolic profiles leading to an antitumoral phenotype. We highlighted the metabolic modulational roles of TAMs and their potential to enhance immunotherapy for cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li Xiao
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, West China Second Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
- Development and Related Diseases of Women and Children Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Key Laboratory of Birth Defects and Related Diseases of Women and Children, Ministry of Education, West China Second University Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Qiao Wang
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, West China Second Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
- Development and Related Diseases of Women and Children Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Key Laboratory of Birth Defects and Related Diseases of Women and Children, Ministry of Education, West China Second University Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Hongling Peng
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, West China Second Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
- Development and Related Diseases of Women and Children Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Key Laboratory of Birth Defects and Related Diseases of Women and Children, Ministry of Education, West China Second University Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
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Dong Y, Qi Y, Jiang H, Mi T, Zhang Y, Peng C, Li W, Zhang Y, Zhou Y, Zang Y, Li J. The development and benefits of metformin in various diseases. Front Med 2023; 17:388-431. [PMID: 37402952 DOI: 10.1007/s11684-023-0998-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2022] [Accepted: 04/01/2023] [Indexed: 07/06/2023]
Abstract
Metformin has been used for the treatment of type II diabetes mellitus for decades due to its safety, low cost, and outstanding hypoglycemic effect clinically. The mechanisms underlying these benefits are complex and still not fully understood. Inhibition of mitochondrial respiratory-chain complex I is the most described downstream mechanism of metformin, leading to reduced ATP production and activation of AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK). Meanwhile, many novel targets of metformin have been gradually discovered. In recent years, multiple pre-clinical and clinical studies are committed to extend the indications of metformin in addition to diabetes. Herein, we summarized the benefits of metformin in four types of diseases, including metabolic associated diseases, cancer, aging and age-related diseases, neurological disorders. We comprehensively discussed the pharmacokinetic properties and the mechanisms of action, treatment strategies, the clinical application, the potential risk of metformin in various diseases. This review provides a brief summary of the benefits and concerns of metformin, aiming to interest scientists to consider and explore the common and specific mechanisms and guiding for the further research. Although there have been countless studies of metformin, longitudinal research in each field is still much warranted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ying Dong
- State Key Laboratory of Drug Research, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 201203, China
| | - Yingbei Qi
- State Key Laboratory of Drug Research, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 201203, China
- School of Pharmaceutical Science and Technology, Hangzhou Institute for Advanced Study, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hangzhou, 310024, China
| | - Haowen Jiang
- State Key Laboratory of Drug Research, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 201203, China
| | - Tian Mi
- State Key Laboratory of Drug Research, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 201203, China
| | - Yunkai Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Drug Research, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 201203, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Chang Peng
- State Key Laboratory of Drug Research, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 201203, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Wanchen Li
- State Key Laboratory of Drug Research, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 201203, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Yongmei Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Drug Research, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 201203, China
- School of Pharmaceutical Science and Technology, Hangzhou Institute for Advanced Study, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hangzhou, 310024, China
| | - Yubo Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Drug Research, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 201203, China.
- Zhongshan Institute for Drug Discovery, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Zhongshan, 528400, China.
| | - Yi Zang
- State Key Laboratory of Drug Research, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 201203, China.
- Lingang Laboratory, Shanghai, 201203, China.
- School of Pharmaceutical Science and Technology, Hangzhou Institute for Advanced Study, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hangzhou, 310024, China.
| | - Jia Li
- State Key Laboratory of Drug Research, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 201203, China.
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China.
- Open Studio for Druggability Research of Marine Natural Products, Pilot National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology (Qingdao), Qingdao, 266237, China.
- School of Pharmaceutical Science and Technology, Hangzhou Institute for Advanced Study, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hangzhou, 310024, China.
- Shandong Laboratory of Yantai Drug Discovery, Bohai Rim Advanced Research Institute for Drug Discovery, Yantai, 264117, China.
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Savva C, Copson E, Johnson PWM, Cutress RI, Beers SA. Obesity Is Associated with Immunometabolic Changes in Adipose Tissue That May Drive Treatment Resistance in Breast Cancer: Immune-Metabolic Reprogramming and Novel Therapeutic Strategies. Cancers (Basel) 2023; 15:cancers15092440. [PMID: 37173907 PMCID: PMC10177091 DOI: 10.3390/cancers15092440] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2023] [Revised: 04/20/2023] [Accepted: 04/22/2023] [Indexed: 05/15/2023] Open
Abstract
White adipose tissue (WAT) represents an endocrinologically and immunologically active tissue whose primary role is energy storage and homeostasis. Breast WAT is involved in the secretion of hormones and proinflammatory molecules that are associated with breast cancer development and progression. The role of adiposity and systemic inflammation in immune responses and resistance to anti-cancer treatment in breast cancer (BC) patients is still not clear. Metformin has demonstrated antitumorigenic properties both in pre-clinical and clinical studies. Nevertheless, its immunomodulating properties in BC are largely unknown. This review aims to evaluate the emerging evidence on the crosstalk between adiposity and the immune-tumour microenvironment in BC, its progression and treatment resistance, and the immunometabolic role of metformin in BC. Adiposity, and by extension subclinical inflammation, are associated with metabolic dysfunction and changes in the immune-tumour microenvironment in BC. In oestrogen receptor positive (ER+) breast tumours, it is proposed that these changes are mediated via a paracrine interaction between macrophages and preadipocytes, leading to elevated aromatase expression and secretion of pro-inflammatory cytokines and adipokines in the breast tissue in patients who are obese or overweight. In HER2+ breast tumours, WAT inflammation has been shown to be associated with resistance to trastuzumab mediated via MAPK or PI3K pathways. Furthermore, adipose tissue in patients with obesity is associated with upregulation of immune checkpoints on T-cells that is partially mediated via immunomodulatory effects of leptin and has been paradoxically associated with improved responses to immunotherapy in several cancers. Metformin may play a role in the metabolic reprogramming of tumour-infiltrating immune cells that are dysregulated by systemic inflammation. In conclusion, evidence suggests that body composition and metabolic status are associated with patient outcomes. To optimise patient stratification and personalisation of treatment, prospective studies are required to evaluate the role of body composition and metabolic parameters in metabolic immune reprogramming with and without immunotherapy in patients with BC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Constantinos Savva
- Antibody and Vaccine Group, Centre for Cancer Immunology, School of Cancer Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Southampton, Southampton SO16 6YD, UK
- CRUK Southampton Centre, School of Cancer Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Southampton, Southampton SO16 6YD, UK
| | - Ellen Copson
- CRUK Southampton Centre, School of Cancer Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Southampton, Southampton SO16 6YD, UK
- Southampton Experimental Cancer Medicine Centre, School of Cancer Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Southampton, Southampton SO16 6YD, UK
- NIHR Southampton Biomedical Research Centre, University Hospital Southampton NHS Foundation Trust, Southampton SO16 6YD, UK
| | - Peter W M Johnson
- CRUK Southampton Centre, School of Cancer Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Southampton, Southampton SO16 6YD, UK
- Southampton Experimental Cancer Medicine Centre, School of Cancer Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Southampton, Southampton SO16 6YD, UK
| | - Ramsey I Cutress
- CRUK Southampton Centre, School of Cancer Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Southampton, Southampton SO16 6YD, UK
- Southampton Experimental Cancer Medicine Centre, School of Cancer Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Southampton, Southampton SO16 6YD, UK
- NIHR Southampton Biomedical Research Centre, University Hospital Southampton NHS Foundation Trust, Southampton SO16 6YD, UK
| | - Stephen A Beers
- Antibody and Vaccine Group, Centre for Cancer Immunology, School of Cancer Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Southampton, Southampton SO16 6YD, UK
- CRUK Southampton Centre, School of Cancer Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Southampton, Southampton SO16 6YD, UK
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11
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Lord SR, Harris AL. Is it still worth pursuing the repurposing of metformin as a cancer therapeutic? Br J Cancer 2023; 128:958-966. [PMID: 36823364 PMCID: PMC10006178 DOI: 10.1038/s41416-023-02204-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 30.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2022] [Revised: 01/31/2023] [Accepted: 02/06/2023] [Indexed: 02/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Over the past 15 years, there has been great interest in the potential to repurpose the diabetes drug, metformin, as a cancer treatment. However, despite considerable efforts being made to investigate its efficacy in a number of large randomised clinical trials in different tumour types, results have been disappointing to date. This perspective article summarises how interest initially developed in the oncological potential of metformin and the diverse clinical programme of work to date including our contribution to establishing the intra-tumoral pharmacodynamic effects of metformin in the clinic. We also discuss the lessons that can be learnt from this experience and whether a further clinical investigation of metformin in cancer is warranted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Simon R Lord
- Department of Oncology, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK.
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12
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Arefin A, Gage MC. Metformin, Empagliflozin, and Their Combination Modulate Ex-Vivo Macrophage Inflammatory Gene Expression. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24054785. [PMID: 36902218 PMCID: PMC10003317 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24054785] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2022] [Revised: 02/09/2023] [Accepted: 02/23/2023] [Indexed: 03/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Type-2 Diabetes Mellitus is a complex, chronic illness characterized by persistent high blood glucose levels. Patients can be prescribed anti-diabetes drugs as single agents or in combination depending on the severity of their condition. Metformin and empagliflozin are two commonly prescribed anti-diabetes drugs which reduce hyperglycemia, however their direct effects on macrophage inflammatory responses alone or in combination are unreported. Here, we show that metformin and empagliflozin elicit proinflammatory responses on mouse bone-marrow-derived macrophages with single agent challenge, which are modulated when added in combination. In silico docking experiments suggested that empagliflozin can interact with both TLR2 and DECTIN1 receptors, and we observed that both empagliflozin and metformin increase expression of Tlr2 and Clec7a. Thus, findings from this study suggest that metformin and empagliflozin as single agents or in combination can directly modulate inflammatory gene expression in macrophages and upregulate the expression of their receptors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adittya Arefin
- Wolfson Institute for Biomedical Research, Division of Medicine, University College London, Gower Street, London WC1E 6BT, UK
| | - Matthew C. Gage
- Department of Comparative Biomedical Sciences, Royal Veterinary College, 4 Royal College Street, London NW1 0TU, UK
- Correspondence:
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13
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Tian H, Cao J, Li B, Nice EC, Mao H, Zhang Y, Huang C. Managing the immune microenvironment of osteosarcoma: the outlook for osteosarcoma treatment. Bone Res 2023; 11:11. [PMID: 36849442 PMCID: PMC9971189 DOI: 10.1038/s41413-023-00246-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 30.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2022] [Revised: 12/17/2022] [Accepted: 12/29/2022] [Indexed: 03/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Osteosarcoma, with poor survival after metastasis, is considered the most common primary bone cancer in adolescents. Notwithstanding the efforts of researchers, its five-year survival rate has only shown limited improvement, suggesting that existing therapeutic strategies are insufficient to meet clinical needs. Notably, immunotherapy has shown certain advantages over traditional tumor treatments in inhibiting metastasis. Therefore, managing the immune microenvironment in osteosarcoma can provide novel and valuable insight into the multifaceted mechanisms underlying the heterogeneity and progression of the disease. Additionally, given the advances in nanomedicine, there exist many advanced nanoplatforms for enhanced osteosarcoma immunotherapy with satisfactory physiochemical characteristics. Here, we review the classification, characteristics, and functions of the key components of the immune microenvironment in osteosarcoma. This review also emphasizes the application, progress, and prospects of osteosarcoma immunotherapy and discusses several nanomedicine-based options to enhance the efficiency of osteosarcoma treatment. Furthermore, we examine the disadvantages of standard treatments and present future perspectives for osteosarcoma immunotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hailong Tian
- grid.13291.380000 0001 0807 1581State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, West China Hospital, West China School of Basic Medical Sciences & Forensic Medicine, Sichuan University, and Collaborative Innovation Center for Biotherapy, Chengdu, 610041 China
| | - Jiangjun Cao
- grid.13291.380000 0001 0807 1581State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, West China Hospital, West China School of Basic Medical Sciences & Forensic Medicine, Sichuan University, and Collaborative Innovation Center for Biotherapy, Chengdu, 610041 China
| | - Bowen Li
- grid.13291.380000 0001 0807 1581State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, West China Hospital, West China School of Basic Medical Sciences & Forensic Medicine, Sichuan University, and Collaborative Innovation Center for Biotherapy, Chengdu, 610041 China
| | - Edouard C. Nice
- grid.1002.30000 0004 1936 7857Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Monash University, Clayton, VIC 3800 Australia
| | - Haijiao Mao
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, The Affiliated Hospital of Medical School, Ningbo University, Ningbo, Zhejiang, 315020, People's Republic of China.
| | - Yi Zhang
- Department of Orthopaedics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450052, China.
| | - Canhua Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, West China Hospital, West China School of Basic Medical Sciences & Forensic Medicine, Sichuan University, and Collaborative Innovation Center for Biotherapy, Chengdu, 610041, China.
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14
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Li Y, Zhang MZ, Zhang SJ, Sun X, Zhou C, Li J, Liu J, Feng J, Lu SY, Pei-Jun L, Wang JC. HIF-1α inhibitor YC-1 suppresses triple-negative breast cancer growth and angiogenesis by targeting PlGF/VEGFR1-induced macrophage polarization. Biomed Pharmacother 2023; 161:114423. [PMID: 36822023 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2023.114423] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2022] [Revised: 02/16/2023] [Accepted: 02/17/2023] [Indexed: 02/23/2023] Open
Abstract
Triple negative breast cancer (TNBC) is an invasive and metastatic phenotype of breast cancer with limited treatment options. Published studies have demonstrated an inhibitory effect of HIF-α inhibition by its inhibitor YC-1 (lificiguat) on growth and angiogenesis of TNBC. However, the underlying mechanism remains poorly understood. In the current paper, our results show that HIF-1α inhibitor significantly inhibited TNBC growth by increasing cellular apoptosis and decreasing MVD, independent of a cell-autonomous mechanism in both endothelial and tumor cells. Genetic screening and in vivo experiments showed that a large number of M2-polarized TAMs accumulated in the hypoxic peri-necrotic region (PNR), where placental growth factor (PlGF) and its ligand, vascular endothelial growth factor receptor-1 (VEGFR-1) were upregulated. Furthermore, YC-1 skewed the polarization of TAMs away from M2 to M1 phenotype, therefore inhibiting TNBC angiogenesis and growth. This effect was further abrogated by VEGFR-1 neutralization and TAM depletion following clodronate liposome injection. These findings provide preclinical evidence for an indirect mechanism underlying YC-1-induced suppression of TNBC growth and angiogenesis, thereby offering a treatment option for TNBC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan Li
- Department of Vascular Surgery, First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi Province 710061, China
| | - Meng-Zhao Zhang
- Department of Vascular Surgery, First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi Province 710061, China
| | - Shu-Jing Zhang
- Department of Vascular Surgery, First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi Province 710061, China
| | - Xin Sun
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi Province 710061, China
| | - Can Zhou
- Department of Breast Surgery, First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi Province 710061, China
| | - Juan Li
- Key Laboratory for Tumor Precision Medicine of Shaanxi Province, First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, 710061, China
| | - Jie Liu
- Key Laboratory for Tumor Precision Medicine of Shaanxi Province, First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, 710061, China
| | - Jun Feng
- Department of Vascular Surgery, First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi Province 710061, China
| | - Shao-Ying Lu
- Department of Vascular Surgery, First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi Province 710061, China
| | - Liu Pei-Jun
- Key Laboratory for Tumor Precision Medicine of Shaanxi Province, First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, 710061, China.
| | - Ji-Chang Wang
- Department of Vascular Surgery, First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi Province 710061, China.
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15
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Huang P, Fan X, Yu H, Zhang K, Li H, Wang Y, Xue F. Glucose metabolic reprogramming and its therapeutic potential in obesity-associated endometrial cancer. J Transl Med 2023; 21:94. [PMID: 36750868 PMCID: PMC9906873 DOI: 10.1186/s12967-022-03851-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2022] [Accepted: 12/24/2022] [Indexed: 02/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Endometrial cancer (EC) is a common gynecological cancer that endangers women health. Although substantial progresses of EC management have been achieved in recent years, the incidence of EC still remains high. Obesity has been a common phenomenon worldwide that increases the risk of EC. However, the mechanism associating obesity and EC has not been fully understood. Metabolic reprogramming as a remarkable characteristic of EC is currently emerging. As the primary factor of metabolic syndrome, obesity promotes insulin resistance, hyperinsulinemia and hyperglycaemia. This metabolic disorder remodels systemic status, which increases EC risk and is related with poor prognosis. Glucose metabolism in EC cells is complex and mediated by glycolysis and mitochondria to ensure energy requirement. Factors that affect glucose metabolism may have an impact on EC initiation and progression. In this study, we review the glucose metabolic reprogramming of EC not only systemic metabolism but also inherent tumor cell metabolism. In particular, the role of glucose metabolic regulation in malignant properties of EC will be focused. Understanding of metabolic profile and glucose metabolism-associated regulation mechanism in EC may provide novel perspective for treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pengzhu Huang
- grid.412645.00000 0004 1757 9434Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, 154 Anshan Road, Heping District, Tianjin, 300052 China ,grid.412645.00000 0004 1757 9434Tianjin Key Laboratory of Female Reproductive Health and Eugenics, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin, China
| | - Xiangqin Fan
- grid.412645.00000 0004 1757 9434Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, 154 Anshan Road, Heping District, Tianjin, 300052 China ,grid.412645.00000 0004 1757 9434Tianjin Key Laboratory of Female Reproductive Health and Eugenics, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin, China
| | - Hongfei Yu
- grid.412645.00000 0004 1757 9434Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, 154 Anshan Road, Heping District, Tianjin, 300052 China ,grid.412645.00000 0004 1757 9434Tianjin Key Laboratory of Female Reproductive Health and Eugenics, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin, China
| | - Kaiwen Zhang
- grid.412645.00000 0004 1757 9434Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, 154 Anshan Road, Heping District, Tianjin, 300052 China ,grid.412645.00000 0004 1757 9434Tianjin Key Laboratory of Female Reproductive Health and Eugenics, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin, China
| | - Huanrong Li
- grid.412645.00000 0004 1757 9434Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, 154 Anshan Road, Heping District, Tianjin, 300052 China ,grid.412645.00000 0004 1757 9434Tianjin Key Laboratory of Female Reproductive Health and Eugenics, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin, China
| | - Yingmei Wang
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, 154 Anshan Road, Heping District, Tianjin, 300052, China. .,Tianjin Key Laboratory of Female Reproductive Health and Eugenics, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin, China.
| | - Fengxia Xue
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, 154 Anshan Road, Heping District, Tianjin, 300052, China. .,Tianjin Key Laboratory of Female Reproductive Health and Eugenics, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin, China.
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16
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Li G, Zhang S, Xue D, Feng Y, Li Y, Huang X, Cui Q, Wang B, Feng J, Bao T, Liu P, Lu S, Wang J. Overcoming chemoresistance in non-angiogenic colorectal cancer by metformin via inhibiting endothelial apoptosis and vascular immaturity. J Pharm Anal 2023. [PMID: 37102105 PMCID: PMC10123948 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpha.2023.02.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2022] [Revised: 01/12/2023] [Accepted: 02/01/2023] [Indexed: 02/11/2023] Open
Abstract
The development of chemoresistance which results in a poor prognosis often renders current treatments for colorectal cancer (CRC). In this study, we identified reduced microvessel density (MVD) and vascular immaturity resulting from endothelial apoptosis as therapeutic targets for overcoming chemoresistance. We focused on the effect of metformin on MVD, vascular maturity, and endothelial apoptosis of CRCs with a non-angiogenic phenotype, and further investigated its effect in overcoming chemoresistance. In situ transplanted cancer models were established to compare MVD, endothelial apoptosis and vascular maturity, and function in tumors from metformin- and vehicle-treated mice. An in vitro co-culture system was used to observe the effects of metformin on tumor cell-induced endothelial apoptosis. Transcriptome sequencing was performed for genetic screening. Non-angiogenic CRC developed independently of angiogenesis and was characterized by vascular leakage, immaturity, reduced MVD, and non-hypoxia. This phenomenon had also been observed in human CRC. Furthermore, non-angiogenic CRCs showed a worse response to chemotherapeutic drugs in vivo than in vitro. By suppressing endothelial apoptosis, metformin sensitized non-angiogenic CRCs to chemo-drugs via elevation of MVD and improvement of vascular maturity. Further results showed that endothelial apoptosis was induced by tumor cells via activation of caspase signaling, which was abrogated by metformin administration. These findings provide pre-clinical evidence for the involvement of endothelial apoptosis and subsequent vascular immaturity in the chemoresistance of non-angiogenic CRC. By suppressing endothelial apoptosis, metformin restores vascular maturity and function and sensitizes CRC to chemotherapeutic drugs via a vascular mechanism.
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17
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Zheng Y, Jiang B, Guo H, Zhang Z, Chen B, Zhang Z, Wu S, Zhao J. The combinational nano-immunotherapy of ferumoxytol and poly(I:C) inhibits melanoma via boosting anti-angiogenic immunity. Nanomedicine 2023; 49:102658. [PMID: 36708910 DOI: 10.1016/j.nano.2023.102658] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2022] [Revised: 12/11/2022] [Accepted: 01/19/2023] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Abstract
Angiogenesis plays a key role in the progression and metastasis of melanoma, and the pro-angiogenic effect of macrophages is one major reason for the failure of current anti-angiogenic therapies. Here, a nano-immunotherapy combining ferumoxytol and poly(I:C) (ferumoxytol/poly(I:C)) has been developed to boost the anti-angiogenic activities of macrophages to inhibit melanoma. Our findings demonstrated that ferumoxytol/poly(I:C) was a highly efficacious anti-tumor therapy with limited toxicity. Both in vivo and in vitro experiments indicated that this combination was successful in impeding angiogenesis. Ferumoxytol/poly(I:C) was demonstrated to reduce the viability of endothelial cells, thus hindering tube formation. Particularly, ferumoxytol/poly(I:C) was able to polarize macrophages to the M1 phenotype and decrease the expression of vascular endothelial growth factor, which in turn amplified the anti-angiogenic properties of ferumoxytol/poly(I:C). This combination of ferumoxytol/poly(I:C) nano-immunotherapy enriches the anti-angiogenic therapeutic nature of ferumoxytol and will shed new light on the treatment of melanoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yunuo Zheng
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Phylogenomics and Comparative Genomics, Jiangsu Joint International Center of Genomics, School of Life Sciences, Jiangsu Normal University, Xuzhou 221116, China
| | - Bo Jiang
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Phylogenomics and Comparative Genomics, Jiangsu Joint International Center of Genomics, School of Life Sciences, Jiangsu Normal University, Xuzhou 221116, China; Department of Urology, Xuzhou Central Hospital, Xuzhou 221009, China
| | - Hongmei Guo
- Department of Ultrasonography, Weinan Maternal and Child Health Hospital, Weinan 714000, Shaanxi, China
| | - Zhonghai Zhang
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Phylogenomics and Comparative Genomics, Jiangsu Joint International Center of Genomics, School of Life Sciences, Jiangsu Normal University, Xuzhou 221116, China; Department of Physiology, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou 221004, China
| | - Bo Chen
- Institute of Materials Science and Devices, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Suzhou University of Science and Technology, Suzhou 215009, China
| | - Zhengkui Zhang
- Institute of Nervous System Diseases, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou 221002, China.
| | - Shaoyuan Wu
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Phylogenomics and Comparative Genomics, Jiangsu Joint International Center of Genomics, School of Life Sciences, Jiangsu Normal University, Xuzhou 221116, China.
| | - Jiaojiao Zhao
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Phylogenomics and Comparative Genomics, Jiangsu Joint International Center of Genomics, School of Life Sciences, Jiangsu Normal University, Xuzhou 221116, China.
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18
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Fan L, Zeng X, Xu G. Metformin Regulates Gut Microbiota Abundance to Suppress M2 Skewing of Macrophages and Colorectal Tumorigenesis in Mice. J Microbiol 2023; 61:109-120. [PMID: 36701104 DOI: 10.1007/s12275-022-00010-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2022] [Revised: 11/14/2022] [Accepted: 11/25/2022] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
The correlation of imbalanced gut microbiota with the onset and progression of colorectal cancer (CRC) has become clear. This work investigates the effect of metformin on gut microbiota and genesis of CRC in mice. Human fecal samples were collected from healthy control (HC) donors and CRC patients. Compared to HC donors, CRC patients had reduced abundance of gut microbiota; however, they had increased abundance of detrimental Bacteroidetes. Mice were injected with azomethane (AOM) to induce colorectal tumorigenesis models. Treatment of CRC patients-sourced fecal microbiota promoted tumorigenesis, and it increased the expression of Ki67, β-catenin, COX-2, and Cyclin D1 in mouse colon tissues. Further treatment of metformin blocked the colorectal tumorigenesis in mice. Fecal microbiota from the metformin-treated mice was collected, which showed decreased Bacteroidetes abundance and suppressed AOM-induced colorectal tumorigenesis in mice as well. Moreover, the metformin- modified microbiota promoted the M1 macrophage-related markers IL-6 and iNOS but suppressed the M2 macrophage-related markers IL-4R and Arg1 in mouse colon tissues. In conclusion, this study suggests that metformin-mediated gut microbiota alteration suppresses macrophage M2 polarization to block colorectal tumorigenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Linfeng Fan
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Gannan Medical College, Ganzhou, 341000, Jiangxi, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiangfu Zeng
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Gannan Medical College, Ganzhou, 341000, Jiangxi, People's Republic of China
| | - Guofeng Xu
- Department of Gastroenterology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Gannan Medical College, Ganzhou, 341000, Jiangxi, People's Republic of China.
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19
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Hyroššová P, Milošević M, Škoda J, Vachtenheim Jr J, Rohlena J, Rohlenová K. Effects of metabolic cancer therapy on tumor microenvironment. Front Oncol 2022; 12:1046630. [PMID: 36582801 PMCID: PMC9793001 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2022.1046630] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2022] [Accepted: 11/28/2022] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Targeting tumor metabolism for cancer therapy is an old strategy. In fact, historically the first effective cancer therapeutics were directed at nucleotide metabolism. The spectrum of metabolic drugs considered in cancer increases rapidly - clinical trials are in progress for agents directed at glycolysis, oxidative phosphorylation, glutaminolysis and several others. These pathways are essential for cancer cell proliferation and redox homeostasis, but are also required, to various degrees, in other cell types present in the tumor microenvironment, including immune cells, endothelial cells and fibroblasts. How metabolism-targeted treatments impact these tumor-associated cell types is not fully understood, even though their response may co-determine the overall effectivity of therapy. Indeed, the metabolic dependencies of stromal cells have been overlooked for a long time. Therefore, it is important that metabolic therapy is considered in the context of tumor microenvironment, as understanding the metabolic vulnerabilities of both cancer and stromal cells can guide new treatment concepts and help better understand treatment resistance. In this review we discuss recent findings covering the impact of metabolic interventions on cellular components of the tumor microenvironment and their implications for metabolic cancer therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Petra Hyroššová
- Institute of Biotechnology of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Prague, Czechia
| | - Mirko Milošević
- Institute of Biotechnology of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Prague, Czechia,Faculty of Science, Charles University, Prague, Czechia
| | - Josef Škoda
- Institute of Biotechnology of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Prague, Czechia
| | - Jiří Vachtenheim Jr
- 3rd Department of Surgery, First Faculty of Medicine, Charles University and University Hospital Motol, Prague, Czechia
| | - Jakub Rohlena
- Institute of Biotechnology of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Prague, Czechia,*Correspondence: Kateřina Rohlenová, ; Jakub Rohlena,
| | - Kateřina Rohlenová
- Institute of Biotechnology of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Prague, Czechia,*Correspondence: Kateřina Rohlenová, ; Jakub Rohlena,
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20
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Abstract
BACKGROUND Experiments have shown that metformin can inhibit cancer cell growth, but clinical observations have been inconsistent, so we pooled the currently available data to evaluate the impact of metformin on cancer survival and progression. METHODS PubMed, web of science, Embase, and Cochrane databases were searched. Pooled hazard ratios (HRs) were identified using a random-effects model to estimate the strength of the association between metformin and survival and progression in cancer patients. RESULTS We incorporated 80 articles published from all databases which satisfied the inclusion criterion. It showed that metformin was associated with better overall survival (hazard ratio [HR] = 0. 81; 95% confidence interval [CI]: [0.77-0.85]) and cancer-specific survival (HR = 0.79; 95% CI: [0.73-0.86]), and metformin was associated with progression-free survival (HR = 0.76; 95% CI: [0.66-0.87]). In patients with diabetes mellitus, the HR of overall survival was 0.79(95% CI: [0.75-0.83]), progression-free survival was 0.72(95% CI: [0.60-0.85]), and the cancer-specific survival was 0.76(95% CI: [0.68-0.86]). It was proposed that metformin can improve the prognosis of cancer patients with diabetes mellitus. CONCLUSION Based on cohort studies, metformin therapy has potential survival benefits for patients with malignancy, especially with the greatest benefits seen in breast cancer on overall survival, progression-free survival, and cancer-specific survival. And metformin also showed potential benefits in cancer-specific survival in colorectal and prostate cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Yang
- Oncology Center, The Affiliated Jiangsu Shengze Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Wujiang, Jiangsu Province, P.R. China
| | - Hang Yang
- Oncology Center, The Affiliated Jiangsu Shengze Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Wujiang, Jiangsu Province, P.R. China
| | - Ling Cao
- Oncology Center, The Affiliated Jiangsu Shengze Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Wujiang, Jiangsu Province, P.R. China
| | - Yuzhen Yin
- Oncology Center, The Affiliated Jiangsu Shengze Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Wujiang, Jiangsu Province, P.R. China
| | - Ying Shen
- Department of Endocrinology, The Affiliated Jiangsu Shengze Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Wujiang, Jiangsu Province, P.R. China
| | - Wei Zhu
- Department of Oncology, First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu Province, P.R. China
- * Correspondence: Wei Zhu, Department of Oncology, First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu Province 210029, P.R. China (e-mail: )
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21
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Xu C, Fang H, Gu Y, Yu K, Wang J, Lin C, Zhang H, Li H, He H, Liu H, Li R. Impact of intratumoural CD96 expression on clinical outcome and therapeutic benefit in gastric cancer. Cancer Sci 2022; 113:4070-4081. [PMID: 35997524 DOI: 10.1111/cas.15537] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2022] [Revised: 07/31/2022] [Accepted: 08/19/2022] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
CD96 was identified as a novel immune checkpoint. However, the role of CD96 in the gastric cancer (GC) microenvironment remains fragmentary. This study aimed to probe the clinical significance of CD96 to predict prognosis and therapeutic responsiveness, and to reveal the immune contexture and genomic features correlated to CD96 in GC patients. We enrolled 496 tumor microarray specimens of GC patients from Zhongshan Hospital (ZSHS) for immunohistochemical analyses. Four hundred and twelve GC patients from the Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) and 61 GC patients treated with pembrolizumab from ERP107734 published in the European Nucleotide Archive (ENA) were gathered for further analysis of the association between CD96+ cell infiltration and immune contexture, molecular characteristics, and genomic features by CIBERSORT and gene set enrichment analysis. Clinical outcomes were analyzed by Kaplan-Meier curves, the Cox model, interaction testing, and receiver operating characteristic analysis. High CD96+ cell infiltration predicted poor prognosis and inferior survival benefits from fluorouracil-based adjuvant chemotherapy in the ZSHS cohort whereas superior therapeutic responsiveness to pembrolizumab was shown in the ENA cohort. CD96-enriched tumors showed an immunosuppressive tumor microenvironment featured by exhausted CD8+ T-cell infiltration in both the ZSHS and TCGA cohorts. Moreover, in silico analysis for the TCGA cohort revealed that several biomarker-targeted pathways displayed significantly elevated enrichment levels in the CD96 high subgroup. This study elucidated that CD96 might drive an immunosuppressive contexture with CD8+ T-cell exhaustion and represent an independent adverse prognosticator in GC. CD96 could potentially be a novel biomarker for precision medicine of adjuvant chemotherapy, immunotherapy, and targeted therapies in GC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chang Xu
- Department of General Surgery, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Hanji Fang
- Department of General Surgery, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yun Gu
- Department of General Surgery, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Kuan Yu
- Department of General Surgery, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Jieti Wang
- Department of Gastric Surgery, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Shanghai, China
| | - Chao Lin
- Department of General Surgery, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Heng Zhang
- Department of General Surgery, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - He Li
- Department of General Surgery, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Hongyong He
- Department of General Surgery, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Hao Liu
- Department of General Surgery, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Ruochen Li
- Department of General Surgery, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
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22
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Liu J, Wang H, Zhang M, Li Y, Wang R, Chen H, Wang B, Gao X, Song S, Wang Y, Ren Y, Li J, Liu P. Metformin and simvastatin synergistically suppress endothelin 1-induced hypoxia and angiogenesis in multiple cancer types. Cancer Sci 2022; 114:640-653. [PMID: 36156330 PMCID: PMC9899631 DOI: 10.1111/cas.15602] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2022] [Revised: 09/08/2022] [Accepted: 09/20/2022] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Multiple cancers have been reported to be associated with angiogenesis and are sensitive to anti-angiogenic therapies. Vascular normalization, by restoring proper tumor perfusion and oxygenation, could limit tumor cell invasiveness and improve the effectiveness of anticancer treatments. However, the underlying anticancer mechanisms of antiangiogenic drugs are still unknown. Metformin (MET) and simvastatin (SVA), two metabolic-related drugs, have been shown to play important roles in modulating the hypoxic tumor microenvironment and angiogenesis. Whether the combination of MET and SVA could exert a more effective antitumor effect than individual treatments has not been examined. The antitumor effect of the synergism of SVA and MET was detected in mouse models, breast cancer patient-derived organoids, and multiple tumor cell lines compared with untreated, SVA, or MET alone. RNA sequencing revealed that the combination of MET and SVA (but not MET or SVA alone) inhibited the expression of endothelin 1 (ET-1), an important regulator of angiogenesis and the hypoxia-related pathway. We demonstrate that the MET and SVA combination showed synergistic effects on inhibiting tumor cell proliferation, promoting apoptosis, alleviating hypoxia, decreasing angiogenesis, and increasing vessel normalization compared with the use of a single agent alone. The MET and SVA combination suppressed ET-1-induced hypoxia-inducible factor 1α expression by increasing prolyl hydroxylase 2 (PHD2) expression. Furthermore, the MET and SVA combination showed a more potent anticancer effect compared with bosentan. Together, our findings suggest the potential application of the MET and SVA combination in antitumor therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jie Liu
- Center for Translational MedicineThe First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong UniversityXi'anShaanxi ProvinceChina,Key Laboratory for Tumor Precision Medicine of Shaanxi ProvinceThe First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong UniversityXi'anShaanxi ProvinceChina
| | - Huxia Wang
- Center for Translational MedicineThe First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong UniversityXi'anShaanxi ProvinceChina,Mammary DepartmentShaanxi Provincial Cancer HospitalXi'anShaanxi ProvinceChina
| | - Miao Zhang
- Center for Translational MedicineThe First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong UniversityXi'anShaanxi ProvinceChina,Key Laboratory for Tumor Precision Medicine of Shaanxi ProvinceThe First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong UniversityXi'anShaanxi ProvinceChina
| | - Yazhao Li
- Center for Translational MedicineThe First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong UniversityXi'anShaanxi ProvinceChina,Key Laboratory for Tumor Precision Medicine of Shaanxi ProvinceThe First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong UniversityXi'anShaanxi ProvinceChina
| | - Ruiqi Wang
- Center for Translational MedicineThe First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong UniversityXi'anShaanxi ProvinceChina,Key Laboratory for Tumor Precision Medicine of Shaanxi ProvinceThe First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong UniversityXi'anShaanxi ProvinceChina
| | - He Chen
- Center for Translational MedicineThe First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong UniversityXi'anShaanxi ProvinceChina,Key Laboratory for Tumor Precision Medicine of Shaanxi ProvinceThe First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong UniversityXi'anShaanxi ProvinceChina
| | - Bo Wang
- Center for Translational MedicineThe First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong UniversityXi'anShaanxi ProvinceChina,Key Laboratory for Tumor Precision Medicine of Shaanxi ProvinceThe First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong UniversityXi'anShaanxi ProvinceChina
| | - Xiaoqian Gao
- Center for Translational MedicineThe First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong UniversityXi'anShaanxi ProvinceChina,Key Laboratory for Tumor Precision Medicine of Shaanxi ProvinceThe First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong UniversityXi'anShaanxi ProvinceChina
| | - Shaoran Song
- Center for Translational MedicineThe First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong UniversityXi'anShaanxi ProvinceChina,Key Laboratory for Tumor Precision Medicine of Shaanxi ProvinceThe First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong UniversityXi'anShaanxi ProvinceChina
| | - Yaochun Wang
- Center for Translational MedicineThe First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong UniversityXi'anShaanxi ProvinceChina,Key Laboratory for Tumor Precision Medicine of Shaanxi ProvinceThe First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong UniversityXi'anShaanxi ProvinceChina
| | - Yu Ren
- Department of Surgical OncologyThe First Affiliated Hospital of Xi' an Jiaotong UniversityXi'anShaanxi ProvinceChina
| | - Juan Li
- Center for Translational MedicineThe First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong UniversityXi'anShaanxi ProvinceChina,Key Laboratory for Tumor Precision Medicine of Shaanxi ProvinceThe First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong UniversityXi'anShaanxi ProvinceChina
| | - Peijun Liu
- Center for Translational MedicineThe First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong UniversityXi'anShaanxi ProvinceChina,Key Laboratory for Tumor Precision Medicine of Shaanxi ProvinceThe First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong UniversityXi'anShaanxi ProvinceChina
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23
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Cui Y, Luo Y, Qian Q, Tian J, Fang Z, Wang X, Zeng Y, Wu J, Li Y. Sanguinarine Regulates Tumor-Associated Macrophages to Prevent Lung Cancer Angiogenesis Through the WNT/β-Catenin Pathway. Front Oncol 2022; 12:732860. [PMID: 35847885 PMCID: PMC9282876 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2022.732860] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2021] [Accepted: 05/27/2022] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Tumor-associated macrophage (TAM)-mediated angiogenesis in the tumor microenvironment is a prerequisite for lung cancer growth and metastasis. Therefore, targeting TAMs, which block angiogenesis, is expected to be a breakthrough in controlling the growth and metastasis of lung cancer. In this study, we found that Sanguinarine (Sang) inhibits tumor growth and tumor angiogenesis of subcutaneously transplanted tumors in Lewis lung cancer mice. Furthermore, Sanguinarine inhibited the proliferation, migration, and lumen formation of HUVECs and the expression of CD31 and VEGF by regulating the polarization of M2 macrophages in vitro. However, the inhibitory effect of Sanguinarine on angiogenesis remained in vivo despite the clearance of macrophages using small molecule drugs. Further high-throughput sequencing suggested that WNT/β-Catenin signaling might represent the underlying mechanism of the beneficial effects of Sanguinarine. Finally, the β-Catenin activator SKL2001 antagonized the effect of Sanguinarine, indicating that Sanguinarine can regulate M2-mediated angiogenesis through the WNT/β-Catenin pathway. In conclusion, this study presents the first findings that Sanguinarine can function as a novel regulator of the WNT/β-Catenin pathway to modulate the M2 macrophage polarization and inhibit angiogenesis, which has potential application value in immunotherapy and antiangiogenic therapy for lung cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yajing Cui
- Department of Oncology, Shanghai Municipal Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Yingbin Luo
- Department of Oncology, Shanghai Municipal Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Qiaohong Qian
- Department of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Obstetrics and Gynecology Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Jianhui Tian
- Department of Oncology, Shanghai Municipal Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Zhihong Fang
- Department of Oncology, Shanghai Municipal Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Xi Wang
- Department of Oncology, Shanghai Municipal Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Yaoying Zeng
- Department of Oncology, Shanghai Municipal Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Jianchun Wu
- Department of Oncology, Shanghai Municipal Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
- *Correspondence: Jianchun Wu, ; Yan Li,
| | - Yan Li
- Department of Oncology, Shanghai Municipal Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
- *Correspondence: Jianchun Wu, ; Yan Li,
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24
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Sheng D, Ma W, Zhang R, Zhou L, Deng Q, Tu J, Chen W, Zhang F, Gao N, Dong M, Wang D, Li F, Liu Y, He X, Duan S, Zhang L, Liu T, Liu S. Ccl3 enhances docetaxel chemosensitivity in breast cancer by triggering proinflammatory macrophage polarization. J Immunother Cancer 2022; 10:jitc-2021-003793. [PMID: 35613826 PMCID: PMC9134178 DOI: 10.1136/jitc-2021-003793] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 04/14/2022] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Although the antitumor efficacy of docetaxel (DTX) has long been attributed to the antimitotic activities, its impact on the tumor microenvironment (TME) has recently gained more attention. Macrophages are a major component of the TME and play a critical role in DTX efficacy; however, the underlying action mechanisms remain unclear. Methods DTX chemotherapeutic efficacy was demonstrated via both macrophage depletion and C–C motif chemokine ligand 3 (Ccl3)-knockout transgenic allograft mouse model. Ccl3-knockdown and Ccl3-overexpressing breast cancer cell allografts were used for the in vivo study. Combination therapy was used to evaluate the effect of Ccl3 induction on DTX chemosensitivity. Vital regulatory molecules and pathways were identified using RNA sequencing. Macrophage phagocytosis of cancer cells and its influence on cancer cell proliferation under DTX treatment were assessed using an in vitro coculture assay. Serum and tumor samples from patients with breast cancer were used to demonstrate the clinical relevance of our study. Results Our study revealed that Ccl3 induced by DTX in macrophages and cancer cells was indispensable for the chemotherapeutic efficacy of DTX. DTX-induced Ccl3 promoted proinflammatory macrophage polarization and subsequently facilitated phagocytosis of breast cancer cells and cancer stem cells. Ccl3 overexpression in cancer cells promoted proinflammatory macrophage polarization to suppress tumor progression and increase DTX chemosensitivity. Mechanistically, DTX induced Ccl3 by relieving the inhibition of cAMP-response element binding protein on Ccl3 via reactive oxygen species accumulation, and Ccl3 then promoted proinflammatory macrophage polarization via activation of the Ccl3–C-C motif chemokine receptor 5–p38/interferon regulatory factor 5 pathway. High CCL3 expression predicted better prognosis, and high CCL3 induction revealed better DTX chemosensitivity in patients with breast cancer. Furthermore, both the Creb inhibitor and recombinant mouse Ccl3 significantly enhanced DTX chemosensitivity. Conclusions Our results indicate that Ccl3 induced by DTX triggers proinflammatory macrophage polarization and subsequently facilitates phagocytosis of cancer cells. Ccl3 induction in combination with DTX may provide a promising therapeutic rationale for increasing DTX chemosensitivity in breast cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dandan Sheng
- Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center & Institutes of Biomedical Sciences; Cancer Institutes; Key Laboratory of Breast Cancer in Shanghai; The Shanghai Key Laboratory of Medical Epigenetics; Shanghai Key Laboratory of Radiation Oncology; The International Co-laboratory of Medical Epigenetics and Metabolism, Ministry of Science and Technology, Shanghai Medical College; Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Wei Ma
- Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center & Institutes of Biomedical Sciences; Cancer Institutes; Key Laboratory of Breast Cancer in Shanghai; The Shanghai Key Laboratory of Medical Epigenetics; Shanghai Key Laboratory of Radiation Oncology; The International Co-laboratory of Medical Epigenetics and Metabolism, Ministry of Science and Technology, Shanghai Medical College; Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Rui Zhang
- Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center & Institutes of Biomedical Sciences; Cancer Institutes; Key Laboratory of Breast Cancer in Shanghai; The Shanghai Key Laboratory of Medical Epigenetics; Shanghai Key Laboratory of Radiation Oncology; The International Co-laboratory of Medical Epigenetics and Metabolism, Ministry of Science and Technology, Shanghai Medical College; Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Lei Zhou
- Institute of Pathology and Southwest Cancer Center, Southwest Hospital, Third Military Medical University (Army Medical University), Chongqing, China
| | - Qiaodan Deng
- Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center & Institutes of Biomedical Sciences; Cancer Institutes; Key Laboratory of Breast Cancer in Shanghai; The Shanghai Key Laboratory of Medical Epigenetics; Shanghai Key Laboratory of Radiation Oncology; The International Co-laboratory of Medical Epigenetics and Metabolism, Ministry of Science and Technology, Shanghai Medical College; Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Juchuanli Tu
- Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center & Institutes of Biomedical Sciences; Cancer Institutes; Key Laboratory of Breast Cancer in Shanghai; The Shanghai Key Laboratory of Medical Epigenetics; Shanghai Key Laboratory of Radiation Oncology; The International Co-laboratory of Medical Epigenetics and Metabolism, Ministry of Science and Technology, Shanghai Medical College; Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Weilong Chen
- Intelligent Pathology Institute and Department of Pathology, the First Affiliated Hospital of USTC, Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, China
| | - Fuchuang Zhang
- Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center & Institutes of Biomedical Sciences; Cancer Institutes; Key Laboratory of Breast Cancer in Shanghai; The Shanghai Key Laboratory of Medical Epigenetics; Shanghai Key Laboratory of Radiation Oncology; The International Co-laboratory of Medical Epigenetics and Metabolism, Ministry of Science and Technology, Shanghai Medical College; Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Nailong Gao
- Department of Precision Machinery and Precision Instrumentation, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, China
| | - Mengxue Dong
- Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center & Institutes of Biomedical Sciences; Cancer Institutes; Key Laboratory of Breast Cancer in Shanghai; The Shanghai Key Laboratory of Medical Epigenetics; Shanghai Key Laboratory of Radiation Oncology; The International Co-laboratory of Medical Epigenetics and Metabolism, Ministry of Science and Technology, Shanghai Medical College; Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Dong Wang
- Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at the Microscale, School of Life Science, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, China
| | - Fengkai Li
- Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center & Institutes of Biomedical Sciences; Cancer Institutes; Key Laboratory of Breast Cancer in Shanghai; The Shanghai Key Laboratory of Medical Epigenetics; Shanghai Key Laboratory of Radiation Oncology; The International Co-laboratory of Medical Epigenetics and Metabolism, Ministry of Science and Technology, Shanghai Medical College; Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yin Liu
- Department of Breast Surgery, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Shanghai, China
| | - Xueyan He
- Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center & Institutes of Biomedical Sciences; Cancer Institutes; Key Laboratory of Breast Cancer in Shanghai; The Shanghai Key Laboratory of Medical Epigenetics; Shanghai Key Laboratory of Radiation Oncology; The International Co-laboratory of Medical Epigenetics and Metabolism, Ministry of Science and Technology, Shanghai Medical College; Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Shengzhong Duan
- Laboratory of Oral Microbiota and Systemic Diseases, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, College of Stomatology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Lixing Zhang
- Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center & Institutes of Biomedical Sciences; Cancer Institutes; Key Laboratory of Breast Cancer in Shanghai; The Shanghai Key Laboratory of Medical Epigenetics; Shanghai Key Laboratory of Radiation Oncology; The International Co-laboratory of Medical Epigenetics and Metabolism, Ministry of Science and Technology, Shanghai Medical College; Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Tong Liu
- Department of Breast Surgery, Tumor Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, Heilongjiang, China .,Translational Medicine Research and Cooperation Center of Northern China, Heilongjiang Academy of Medical Sciences, Harbin, China
| | - Suling Liu
- Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center & Institutes of Biomedical Sciences; Cancer Institutes; Key Laboratory of Breast Cancer in Shanghai; The Shanghai Key Laboratory of Medical Epigenetics; Shanghai Key Laboratory of Radiation Oncology; The International Co-laboratory of Medical Epigenetics and Metabolism, Ministry of Science and Technology, Shanghai Medical College; Fudan University, Shanghai, China .,Jiangsu Key Lab of Cancer Biomarkers, Prevention and Treatment, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
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25
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Tojo M, Miyato H, Koinuma K, Horie H, Tsukui H, Kimura Y, Kaneko Y, Ohzawa H, Yamaguchi H, Yoshimura K, Lefor AK, Sata N, Kitayama J. Metformin combined with local irradiation provokes abscopal effects in a murine rectal cancer model. Sci Rep 2022; 12:7290. [PMID: 35508498 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-11236-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2021] [Accepted: 04/18/2022] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Although preoperative chemoradiation therapy can down-stage locally advanced rectal cancer (LARC), it has little effect on distant metastases. Metformin exerts an anti-cancer effect partly through the activation of host immunity. LuM1, a highly lung metastatic subclone of colon 26, was injected subcutaneously (sc) in BALB/c mice and treated with metformin and/or local radiation (RT). Lung metastases and the primary tumors were evaluated and the phenotypes of immune cells in the spleen and lung metastases were examined with flow cytometry and immunohistochemistry. Local RT, but not metformin, partially delayed the growth of sc tumor which was augmented with metformin. Lung metastases were unchanged in metformin or RT alone, but significantly reduced in the combined therapy. The ratios of splenic T cells tended to be low in the RT group, which were increased by the addition of metformin. IFN-γ production of the splenic CD4(+) and CD8(+) T cells was enhanced and CD49b (+) CD335(+) activated NK cells was increased after combined treatment group. Density of NK cells infiltrating in lung metastases was increased after combination treatment. Metformin effectively enhances local and abscopal effects of RT though the activation of cell-mediated immunity and might be clinically useful for LARC.
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26
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Nassif RM, Chalhoub E, Chedid P, Hurtado-Nedelec M, Raya E, Dang PMC, Marie JC, El-Benna J. Metformin Inhibits ROS Production by Human M2 Macrophages via the Activation of AMPK. Biomedicines 2022; 10:biomedicines10020319. [PMID: 35203528 PMCID: PMC8869356 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines10020319] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2021] [Revised: 01/11/2022] [Accepted: 01/24/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Metformin (1,1-dimethylbiguanide hydrochloride) is the most commonly used drug to treat type II diabetic patients. It is believed that this drug has several other beneficial effects, such as anti-inflammatory and anticancer effects. Here, we wanted to evaluate the effect of metformin on the production of reactive oxygen species (ROS) by human macrophages. Macrophages are generated in vivo from circulating monocytes depending on the local tissue environment. In vitro proinflammatory macrophages (M1) and anti-inflammatory macrophages (M2) can be generated by culturing monocytes in the presence of different cytokines, such as GM-CSF or M-CSF, respectively. We show that metformin selectively inhibited human monocyte differentiation into proinflammatory macrophages (M1) without inhibiting their differentiation into anti-inflammatory macrophages (M2). Moreover, we demonstrate that, in response to LPS, M2 macrophages produced ROS, which could be very harmful for nearby tissues, and metformin inhibited this process. Interestingly, metformin with LPS induced activation of the adenosine-monophosphate-activated protein kinase (AMPK) and pharmacological activation of AMPK by AICAR, a known AMPK activator, decreased ROS production, whereas the deletion of AMPK in mice dramatically enhanced ROS production in different types of immune cells. These results suggest that metformin exhibits anti-inflammatory effects by inhibiting the differentiation of human monocytes into M1 macrophages and by limiting ROS production by macrophages via the activation of AMPK.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rana M. Nassif
- Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Balamand, P.O. Box 55251 Sin El Fil, Beirut 1100-2807, Lebanon; (R.M.N.); (E.C.); (P.C.); (E.R.)
- Centre de Recherche sur l’Inflammation (CRI), Laboratoire d’Excellence Inflamex, Faculté de Médecine Xavier Bichat, Université de Paris, INSERM-U1149, CNRS-ERL8252, 75018 Paris, France; (M.H.-N.); (P.M.-C.D.); (J.-C.M.)
| | - Elias Chalhoub
- Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Balamand, P.O. Box 55251 Sin El Fil, Beirut 1100-2807, Lebanon; (R.M.N.); (E.C.); (P.C.); (E.R.)
| | - Pia Chedid
- Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Balamand, P.O. Box 55251 Sin El Fil, Beirut 1100-2807, Lebanon; (R.M.N.); (E.C.); (P.C.); (E.R.)
| | - Margarita Hurtado-Nedelec
- Centre de Recherche sur l’Inflammation (CRI), Laboratoire d’Excellence Inflamex, Faculté de Médecine Xavier Bichat, Université de Paris, INSERM-U1149, CNRS-ERL8252, 75018 Paris, France; (M.H.-N.); (P.M.-C.D.); (J.-C.M.)
| | - Elia Raya
- Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Balamand, P.O. Box 55251 Sin El Fil, Beirut 1100-2807, Lebanon; (R.M.N.); (E.C.); (P.C.); (E.R.)
| | - Pham My-Chan Dang
- Centre de Recherche sur l’Inflammation (CRI), Laboratoire d’Excellence Inflamex, Faculté de Médecine Xavier Bichat, Université de Paris, INSERM-U1149, CNRS-ERL8252, 75018 Paris, France; (M.H.-N.); (P.M.-C.D.); (J.-C.M.)
| | - Jean-Claude Marie
- Centre de Recherche sur l’Inflammation (CRI), Laboratoire d’Excellence Inflamex, Faculté de Médecine Xavier Bichat, Université de Paris, INSERM-U1149, CNRS-ERL8252, 75018 Paris, France; (M.H.-N.); (P.M.-C.D.); (J.-C.M.)
| | - Jamel El-Benna
- Centre de Recherche sur l’Inflammation (CRI), Laboratoire d’Excellence Inflamex, Faculté de Médecine Xavier Bichat, Université de Paris, INSERM-U1149, CNRS-ERL8252, 75018 Paris, France; (M.H.-N.); (P.M.-C.D.); (J.-C.M.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +33-1-57-27-77-23; Fax: +33-1-57-27-74-61
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Chen N, Zhou YS, Wang LC, Huang JB. Advances in metformin‑based metabolic therapy for non‑small cell lung cancer (Review). Oncol Rep 2022; 47:55. [PMID: 35039878 PMCID: PMC8808708 DOI: 10.3892/or.2022.8266] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2021] [Accepted: 12/24/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Therapeutic approaches that target the metabolism of tumor cells have been a popular research topic in recent years. Previous studies have demonstrated that glycolysis inhibitors reduce the proliferation of non‑small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) cells by interfering with the aerobic glycolytic pathway. However, the mitochondrial oxidative phosphorylation (OXPHOS) pathway in tumor cells has also been implicated in lung cancer metabolism. Metformin, a known inhibitor of mitochondrial OXPHOS, has been indicated to reduce NSCLC morbidity and mortality in clinical studies. The present article reviewed the therapeutic effects of metformin against NSCLC, both as a single agent and combined with other anticancer treatments, in order to provide a theoretical basis for its clinical use in adjuvant therapy for NSCLC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Na Chen
- Department of Medical Imaging, Faculty of Medicine, Yangtze University, Yangtze University Research and Experimentation Centre, Jingzhou, Hubei 434000, P.R. China
| | - Yi-Shu Zhou
- Department of Medical Imaging, Faculty of Medicine, Yangtze University, Yangtze University Research and Experimentation Centre, Jingzhou, Hubei 434000, P.R. China
| | - Li-Cui Wang
- Department of Medical Imaging, Faculty of Medicine, Yangtze University, Yangtze University Research and Experimentation Centre, Jingzhou, Hubei 434000, P.R. China
| | - Jin-Bai Huang
- Department of Medical Imaging, Faculty of Medicine, Yangtze University, Yangtze University Research and Experimentation Centre, Jingzhou, Hubei 434000, P.R. China
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Abstract
Stimulating antitumor immunity is an attractive idea for suppressing tumors. CD4 + and CD8 + T cells as well as natural killer cells (NK) are the primary antitumor immune cells in the tumor microenvironment (TME). In contrast to these cells, regulatory T cells (Tregs), myeloid-derived suppressor cells (MDSCs), cancer-associated fibroblasts (CAFs), and tumor-associated macrophages (TAMs) release several molecules to suppress antitumor immunity and stimulate cancer cell invasion and proliferation. Adjuvant treatment with certain nontoxic agents is interesting to boost antitumor immunity. Metformin, which is known as an antidiabetes drug, can modulate both antitumor and protumor immune cells within TME. It has the ability to induce the proliferation of CD8 + T lymphocytes and NK cells. On the other hand, metformin attenuates polarization toward TAMs, CAFs, and Tregs. Metformin also may stimulate the antitumor activity of immune system cells, while it interrupts the positive cross-talk and interactions between immunosuppressive cells and cancer cells. The purpose of this review is to explain the basic mechanisms for the interactions and communications between immunosuppressive, anti-tumoral, and cancer cells within TME. Next, we discuss the modulating effects of metformin on various cells and secretions in TME.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zihong Wu
- Department of Oncology, The NO.3 People's Hospital of Hubei Province, Jianghan University, Wuhan, 430033, Hubei, China
| | - Caidie Zhang
- Emergency Department, Wuhan Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Wuhan, 430014, Hubei, China.
| | - Masoud Najafi
- Medical Technology Research Center, Institute of Health Technology, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, Iran.
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Luo L, Qin B, Jiang M, Xie L, Luo Z, Guo X, Zhang J, Li X, Zhu C, Du Y, Peng L, You J. Regulating immune memory and reversing tumor thermotolerance through a step-by-step starving-photothermal therapy. J Nanobiotechnology 2021; 19:297. [PMID: 34593005 PMCID: PMC8482573 DOI: 10.1186/s12951-021-01011-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2021] [Accepted: 08/23/2021] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Photothermal therapy (PTT) is a highly effective treatment for solid tumors and can induce long-term immune memory worked like an in situ vaccine. Nevertheless, PTT inevitably encounters photothermal resistance of tumor cells, which hinders therapeutic effect or even leads to tumor recurrence. Naïve CD8+ T cells are mainly metabolized by oxidative phosphorylation (OXPHOS), followed by aerobic glycolysis after activation. And the differentiate of effector CD8+ T cell (CD8+ Teff) into central memory CD8+ T cell (CD8+ TCM) depends on fatty acid oxidation (FAO) to meet their metabolic requirements, which is regulated by adenosine monophosphate activated protein kinase (AMPK). In addition, the tumor microenvironment (TME) is severely immunosuppressive, conferring additional protection against the host immune response mediated by PTT. Methods Metformin (Met) down-regulates NADH/NADPH, promotes the FAO of CD8+ T cells by activating AMPK, increases the number of CD8+ TCM, which boosts the long-term immune memory of tumor-bearing mice treated with PTT. Here, a kind of PLGA microspheres co-encapsulated hollow gold nanoshells and Met (HAuNS-Met@MS) was constructed to inhibit the tumor progress. 2-Deoxyglucose (2DG), a glycolysis inhibitor for cancer starving therapy, can cause energy loss of tumor cells, reduce the heat stress response of tumor cell, and reverse its photothermal resistance. Moreover, 2DG prevents N-glycosylation of proteins that cause endoplasmic reticulum stress (ERS), further synergistically enhance PTT-induced tumor immunogenic cell death (ICD), and improve the effect of immunotherapy. So 2DG was also introduced and optimized here to solve the metabolic competition among tumor cells and immune cells in the TME. Results We utilized mild PTT effect of HAuNS to propose an in situ vaccine strategy based on the tumor itself. By targeting the metabolism of TME with different administration strategy of 2DG and perdurable action of Met, the thermotolerance of tumor cells was reversed, more CD8+ TCMs were produced and more effective anti-tumor was presented in this study. Conclusion The Step-by-Step starving-photothermal therapy could not only reverse the tumor thermotolerance, but also enhance the ICD and produce more CD8+ TCM during the treatment. Graphical Abstract ![]()
Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s12951-021-01011-2.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lihua Luo
- College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University, 866 Yuhangtang Road, Hangzhou, 310058, Zhejiang, People's Republic of China
| | - Bing Qin
- College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University, 866 Yuhangtang Road, Hangzhou, 310058, Zhejiang, People's Republic of China
| | - Mengshi Jiang
- College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University, 866 Yuhangtang Road, Hangzhou, 310058, Zhejiang, People's Republic of China
| | - Lin Xie
- College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University, 866 Yuhangtang Road, Hangzhou, 310058, Zhejiang, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhenyu Luo
- College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University, 866 Yuhangtang Road, Hangzhou, 310058, Zhejiang, People's Republic of China
| | - Xuemeng Guo
- College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University, 866 Yuhangtang Road, Hangzhou, 310058, Zhejiang, People's Republic of China
| | - Junlei Zhang
- College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University, 866 Yuhangtang Road, Hangzhou, 310058, Zhejiang, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiang Li
- College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University, 866 Yuhangtang Road, Hangzhou, 310058, Zhejiang, People's Republic of China
| | - Chunqi Zhu
- College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University, 866 Yuhangtang Road, Hangzhou, 310058, Zhejiang, People's Republic of China
| | - Yongzhong Du
- College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University, 866 Yuhangtang Road, Hangzhou, 310058, Zhejiang, People's Republic of China
| | - Ling Peng
- College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University, 866 Yuhangtang Road, Hangzhou, 310058, Zhejiang, People's Republic of China. .,Department of Respiratory Disease, Zhejiang Provincial People's Hospital, Hangzhou, 310003, Zhejiang, China.
| | - Jian You
- College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University, 866 Yuhangtang Road, Hangzhou, 310058, Zhejiang, People's Republic of China.
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Nishida M, Yamashita N, Ogawa T, Koseki K, Warabi E, Ohue T, Komatsu M, Matsushita H, Kakimi K, Kawakami E, Shiroguchi K, Udono H. Mitochondrial reactive oxygen species trigger metformin-dependent antitumor immunity via activation of Nrf2/mTORC1/p62 axis in tumor-infiltrating CD8T lymphocytes. J Immunother Cancer 2021; 9:jitc-2021-002954. [PMID: 34531248 PMCID: PMC8449974 DOI: 10.1136/jitc-2021-002954] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 08/02/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Metformin (Met) is the first-line treatment for type 2 diabetes mellitus and plays an effective role in treating various diseases, such as cardiovascular disease, neurodegenerative disease, cancer, and aging. However, the underlying mechanism of Met-dependent antitumor immunity remains to be elucidated. Methods MitoTEMPO, a scavenger of mitochondrial superoxide, abolished the antitumor effect of Met, but not antiprogrammed cell death (PD-1) antibody (Ab) treatment. Consequently, we studied the mechanism of the Met-induced antitumor effect. Expressions of glucose transporter (Glut)-1, mitochondrial reactive oxygen species (mtROS), interferon (IFN)-γ, Ki67, autophagy markers, activation markers for NF-E2-related factor 2 (Nrf2), and mammalian target of rapamaycin complex 1 (mTORC1) in CD8+ tumor-infiltrating T lymphocytes (CD8TILs) were examined by flow cytometry analysis. In addition, conditional knockout mice for Nrf2 and p62 were used to detect these markers, together with the monitoring of in vivo tumor growth. RNA sequencing was performed for CD8TILs and tumor cells. Melanoma cells containing an IFN-γ receptor (IFNγR) cytoplasmic domain deletion mutant was overexpressed and used for characterization of the metabolic profile of those tumor cells using a Seahorse Flux Analyzer. Results Met administration elevates mtROS and cell surface Glut-1, resulting in the production of IFN-γ in CD8TILs. mtROS activates Nrf2 in a glycolysis-dependent manner, inducing activation of autophagy, glutaminolysis, mTORC1, and p62/SQSTM1. mTORC1-dependent phosphorylation of p62 at serine 351 (p-p62(S351)) is also involved in activation of Nrf2. Conditional deletion of Nrf2 in CD8TILs abrogates mTORC1 activation and antitumor immunity by Met. In synergy with the effect of anti-PD-1 Ab, Met boosts CD8TIL proliferation and IFN-γ secretion, resulting in decreased glycolysis and oxidative phosphorylation in tumor cells. Consequently, Glut-1 is elevated in CD8TILs, together with the expansion of activated dendritic cells. Moreover, tumor cells lacking in IFNγR signaling abolish IFN-γ production and proliferation of CD8TILs. Conclusions We found that Met stimulates production of mtROS, which triggers Glut-1 elevation and Nrf2 activation in CD8TILs. Nrf2 activates mTORC1, whereas mTORC1 activates Nrf2 in a p-p62(S351)-dependent manner, thus creating a feedback loop that ensures CD8TILs’ proliferation. In combination with anti-PD-1 Ab, Met stimulates robust proliferation of CD8TILs and IFN-γ secretion, resulting in an IFN-γ-dependent reprogramming of the tumor microenvironment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mikako Nishida
- Immunology, Okayama University of Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry, and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama, Japan
| | - Nahoko Yamashita
- Immunology, Okayama University of Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry, and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama, Japan
| | - Taisaku Ogawa
- Prediction of Cell Systems Dynamics, RIKEN Center for Biosystems Dynamics Research (BDR), Osaka, Japan
| | - Keita Koseki
- Medical Sciences Innovation Hub Program, RIKEN Yokohama Institute, Yokohama, Japan
| | - Eiji Warabi
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Japan
| | - Tomoyuki Ohue
- Pharmaceutical Sciences, Faculty of Pharmacy, Keio University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Masaaki Komatsu
- Physiology, Juntendo University Graduate School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Hirokazu Matsushita
- Translational Oncoimmunology, Aichi Cancer Center Research Institute, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Kazuhiro Kakimi
- Immunotherapeutics, The University of Tokyo Hospital, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Eiryo Kawakami
- Medical Sciences Innovation Hub Program, RIKEN Yokohama Institute, Yokohama, Japan.,Artificial Intelligence Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, Chiba University, Chiba, Japan
| | - Katsuyuki Shiroguchi
- Prediction of Cell Systems Dynamics, RIKEN Center for Biosystems Dynamics Research (BDR), Osaka, Japan.,Immunogenetics, RIKEN Center for Integrative Medical Sciences (IMS), Yokohama, Japan
| | - Heiichiro Udono
- Immunology, Okayama University of Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry, and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama, Japan
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Hsu SK, Cheng KC, Mgbeahuruike MO, Lin YH, Wu CY, Wang HD, Yen CH, Chiu CC, Sheu SJ. New Insight into the Effects of Metformin on Diabetic Retinopathy, Aging and Cancer: Nonapoptotic Cell Death, Immunosuppression, and Effects beyond the AMPK Pathway. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:9453. [PMID: 34502359 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22179453] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2021] [Revised: 08/25/2021] [Accepted: 08/25/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Under metabolic stress conditions such as hypoxia and glucose deprivation, an increase in the AMP:ATP ratio activates the AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) pathway, resulting in the modulation of cellular metabolism. Metformin, which is widely prescribed for type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) patients, regulates blood sugar by inhibiting hepatic gluconeogenesis and promoting insulin sensitivity to facilitate glucose uptake by cells. At the molecular level, the most well-known mechanism of metformin-mediated cytoprotection is AMPK pathway activation, which modulates metabolism and protects cells from degradation or pathogenic changes, such as those related to aging and diabetic retinopathy (DR). Recently, it has been revealed that metformin acts via AMPK- and non-AMPK-mediated pathways to exert effects beyond those related to diabetes treatment that might prevent aging and ameliorate DR. This review focuses on new insights into the anticancer effects of metformin and its potential modulation of several novel types of nonapoptotic cell death, including ferroptosis, pyroptosis, and necroptosis. In addition, the antimetastatic and immunosuppressive effects of metformin and its hypothesized mechanism are also discussed, highlighting promising cancer prevention strategies for the future.
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Ezzeldeen Y, Swidan S, ElMeshad A, Sebak A. Green Synthesized Honokiol Transfersomes Relieve the Immunosuppressive and Stem-Like Cell Characteristics of the Aggressive B16F10 Melanoma. Int J Nanomedicine 2021; 16:5693-5712. [PMID: 34465990 PMCID: PMC8402984 DOI: 10.2147/ijn.s314472] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2021] [Accepted: 06/17/2021] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Honokiol (HK) is a natural bioactive compound with proven antineoplastic properties against melanoma. However, it shows very low bioavailability when administered orally. Alternatively, topical administration may offer a promising route. The objective of the current study was to fabricate HK transfersomes (HKTs) for topical treatment of melanoma. As an ultradeformable carrier system, transfersomes can overcome the physiological barriers to topical treatment of melanoma: the stratum corneum and the anomalous tumor microenvironment. Moreover, the immunomodulatory and stemness-regulation roles of HKTs were the main interest of this study. METHODS TFs were prepared using the modified scalable heating method. A three-factor, three-level Box-Behnken design was utilized for the optimization of the process and formulation variables. Intracellular uptake and cytotoxicity of HKTs were evaluated in nonactivated and stromal cell-activated B16F10 melanoma cells to investigate the influence of the complex tumor microenvironment on the efficacy of HK. Finally, ELISA and Western blot were performed to evaluate the expression levels of TGF-β and clusters of differentiation (CD47 and CD133, respectively). RESULTS The optimized formula exhibited a mean size of 190 nm, highly negative surface charge, high entrapment efficiency, and sustained release profile. HKTs showed potential to alleviate the immunosuppressive characteristics of B16F10 melanoma in vitro via downregulation of TGF-β signaling. In addition, HKTs reduced expression of the "do not eat me" signal - CD47. Moreover, HKTs possessed additional interesting potential to reduce the expression of the stem-like cell marker CD133. These outcomes were boosted upon combination with metformin, an antihyperglycemic drug recently reported to possess different functions in cancer, while combination with collagenase, an extracellular matrix-depleting enzyme, produced detrimental effects. CONCLUSION HKTs represent a promising scalable formulation for treatment of the aggressive B16F10 melanoma, which is jam-packed with immunosuppressive and stem-like cell markers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yasmeen Ezzeldeen
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Faculty of Pharmacy, The British University in Egypt (BUE), El-Sherouk City, Cairo, 11837, Egypt
| | - Shady Swidan
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Faculty of Pharmacy, The British University in Egypt (BUE), El-Sherouk City, Cairo, 11837, Egypt
- The Center for Drug Research and Development (CDRD), Faculty of Pharmacy, The British University in Egypt, El-Sherouk City, Cairo, 11837, Egypt
| | - Aliaa ElMeshad
- Department of Pharmaceutics and Industrial Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Cairo University, Cairo, 11562, Egypt
- Department of Bio Nano, Faculty of Nanotechnology for Postgraduate Studies, Cairo University, El-Sheikh Zayed, Giza, 12588, Egypt
| | - Aya Sebak
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, Faculty of Pharmacy and Biotechnology, German University in Cairo (GUC), Cairo, Egypt
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Pollari M, Leivonen SK, Leppä S. Testicular Diffuse Large B-Cell Lymphoma-Clinical, Molecular, and Immunological Features. Cancers (Basel) 2021; 13:cancers13164049. [PMID: 34439203 PMCID: PMC8392512 DOI: 10.3390/cancers13164049] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2021] [Revised: 08/06/2021] [Accepted: 08/10/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary Testicular diffuse large B-cell lymphoma (T-DLBCL) is a rare and aggressive lymphoma entity that mainly affects elderly men. It has a high relapse rate with especially the relapses of the central nervous system associating with dismal outcome. T-DLBCL has a unique biology with distinct genetic characteristics and clinical presentation, and the increasing knowledge on the tumor microenvironment of T-DLBCL highlights the significance of the host immunity and immune escape in this rare lymphoma, presenting in an immune-privileged site of the testis. This review provides an update on the latest progress made in T-DLBCL research and summarizes the clinical perspectives in T-DLBCL. Abstract Primary testicular lymphoma is a rare lymphoma entity, yet it is the most common testicular malignancy among elderly men. The majority of the cases represent non-germinal center B-cell-like (non-GCB) diffuse large B-cell lymphoma (DLBCL) with aggressive clinical behavior and a relatively high relapse rate. Due to the rareness of the disease, no randomized clinical trials have been conducted and the currently recognized standard of care is based on retrospective analyses and few phase II trials. During recent years, the tumor microenvironment (TME) and tumor-related immunity have been the focus of many tumor biology studies, and the emergence of targeted therapies and checkpoint inhibitors has significantly modulated the field of cancer therapies. Testicular DLBCL (T-DLBCL) is presented in an immune-privileged site of the testis, and the roles of NF-κB pathway signaling, 9p24.1 aberrations, and tumor-infiltrating immune cells, especially immune checkpoint expressing lymphocytes and macrophages, seem to be unique compared to other lymphoma entities. Preliminary data on the use of immune checkpoint inhibitors in the treatment of T-DLBCL are promising and more studies are ongoing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marjukka Pollari
- Research Program Unit, Faculty of Medicine, University of Helsinki, 00014 Helsinki, Finland; (S.-K.L.); (S.L.)
- Department of Oncology, Tays Cancer Center, Tampere University Hospital, 33521 Tampere, Finland
- Correspondence:
| | - Suvi-Katri Leivonen
- Research Program Unit, Faculty of Medicine, University of Helsinki, 00014 Helsinki, Finland; (S.-K.L.); (S.L.)
- Department of Oncology, Comprehensive Cancer Center, Helsinki University Hospital, 00029 Helsinki, Finland
| | - Sirpa Leppä
- Research Program Unit, Faculty of Medicine, University of Helsinki, 00014 Helsinki, Finland; (S.-K.L.); (S.L.)
- Department of Oncology, Comprehensive Cancer Center, Helsinki University Hospital, 00029 Helsinki, Finland
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Jacobi O, Landman Y, Reinhorn D, Icht O, Sternschuss M, Rotem O, Finkel I, Allen AM, Dudnik E, Goldstein DA, Zer A. The Relationship of Diabetes Mellitus to Efficacy of Immune Checkpoint Inhibitors in Patients with Advanced Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer. Oncology 2021; 99:555-561. [PMID: 34247166 DOI: 10.1159/000516671] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2021] [Accepted: 04/21/2021] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICI) are the new standard therapy in patients with metastatic NSCLC (mNSCLC). Metformin, previously associated with improved chemotherapy efficacy in diabetic and nondiabetic cancer patients, was recently associated with increased ICI efficacy. In this study, we aimed to explore the correlations between diabetes mellitus (DM), metformin use, and benefit from ICI in mNSCLC patients. METHODS All mNSCLC patients treated with ICI in our center between February 2015 and April 2018 were identified. Demographic and clinical data were extracted retrospectively. Cox proportional hazards regression, t tests, and χ2 tests were employed to evaluate associations of progression-free survival (PFS), overall survival (OS), overall response rate (ORR), and disease control rate (DCR), with DM status, metformin use, and HbA1c levels, as appropriate. RESULTS Of 249 mNSCLC patients treated with ICI, 57 (22.8%) had DM. Thirty-seven (64.9% of all diabetic patients) patients were treated with metformin. A significant negative correlation of DM with PFS and OS was demonstrated (HR 1.5 [1.01-2.06], p = 0.011, and HR 1.5 [1.08-2.08], p = 0.017, respectively). Metformin exposure had no significant correlation with PFS or OS in diabetic mNSCLC patients (HR 1.08 [0.61-1.93], p = 0.79, and HR 1.29 [0.69-2.39], p = 0.42, respectively). There were no differences between groups with respect to ORR and DCR. CONCLUSION Our data show a potential negative relationship between DM and ICI efficacy in mNSCLC patients. In contrast to reports with chemotherapy, we found no positive relationship between metformin use and ICI therapy in diabetic patients with mNSCLC. Further studies are needed to evaluate the effect of metformin in nondiabetic mNSCLC patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Oded Jacobi
- Davidoff Cancer Center, Rabin Medical Center, Petach-Tiqwa, Israel
| | - Yosef Landman
- Davidoff Cancer Center, Rabin Medical Center, Petach-Tiqwa, Israel
| | - Daniel Reinhorn
- Davidoff Cancer Center, Rabin Medical Center, Petach-Tiqwa, Israel
| | - Oded Icht
- Davidoff Cancer Center, Rabin Medical Center, Petach-Tiqwa, Israel
| | | | - Ofer Rotem
- Davidoff Cancer Center, Rabin Medical Center, Petach-Tiqwa, Israel
| | - Inbar Finkel
- Davidoff Cancer Center, Rabin Medical Center, Petach-Tiqwa, Israel
| | - Aaron M Allen
- Davidoff Cancer Center, Rabin Medical Center, Petach-Tiqwa, Israel
| | - Elizabeth Dudnik
- Davidoff Cancer Center, Rabin Medical Center, Petach-Tiqwa, Israel
| | | | - Alona Zer
- Davidoff Cancer Center, Rabin Medical Center, Petach-Tiqwa, Israel
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Huang Y, Zhou Z, Zhang J, Hao Z, He Y, Wu Z, Song Y, Yuan K, Zheng S, Zhao Q, Li T, Wang B. lncRNA MALAT1 participates in metformin inhibiting the proliferation of breast cancer cell. J Cell Mol Med 2021; 25:7135-7145. [PMID: 34164906 PMCID: PMC8335702 DOI: 10.1111/jcmm.16742] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2021] [Revised: 05/28/2021] [Accepted: 06/03/2021] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
In recent years, the repurposing of conventional and chemotherapeutic drugs is recognized as an alternative strategy for health care. The main purpose of this study is to strengthen the application of non‐oncological drug metformin on breast cancer treatment in the perspective of epigenetics. In the present study, metformin was found to inhibit cell proliferation, promote apoptosis and induce cell cycle arrest in breast cancer cells at a dose‐dependent manner. In addition, metformin treatment elevated acH3K9 abundance and decreased acH3K18 level. The expression of lncRNA MALAT1, HOTAIR, DICER1‐AS1, LINC01121 and TUG1 was up‐regulated by metformin treatment. In metformin‐treated cells, MALAT1 knock‐down increased the Bax/Bcl2 ratio and enhanced p21 but decreased cyclin B1 expression. The expression of Beclin1, VDAC1, LC3‐II, CHOP and Bip was promoted in the cells received combinatorial treatment of metformin and MALAT1 knock‐down. The reduced phosphorylation of c‐Myc was further decreased in the metformin‐treated cells in combination with MALAT1 knock‐down than metformin treatment alone. Taken together, these results provide a promising repurposed strategy for metformin on cancer treatment by modulating epigenetic modifiers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yongye Huang
- College of Life and Health Sciences, Northeastern University, Shenyang, China
| | - Ziyan Zhou
- College of Life and Health Sciences, Northeastern University, Shenyang, China
| | - Jin Zhang
- College of Life and Health Sciences, Northeastern University, Shenyang, China
| | - Zhenzhen Hao
- College of Life and Health Sciences, Northeastern University, Shenyang, China
| | - Yunhao He
- College of Life and Health Sciences, Northeastern University, Shenyang, China
| | - Zihan Wu
- College of Life and Health Sciences, Northeastern University, Shenyang, China
| | - Yiquan Song
- College of Life and Health Sciences, Northeastern University, Shenyang, China
| | - Kexun Yuan
- College of Life and Health Sciences, Northeastern University, Shenyang, China
| | - Shanyu Zheng
- College of Life and Health Sciences, Northeastern University, Shenyang, China
| | - Qi Zhao
- School of Computer Science and Software Engineering, University of Science and Technology Liaoning, Anshan, China
| | - Tianye Li
- College of Life and Health Sciences, Northeastern University, Shenyang, China
| | - Bing Wang
- College of Life and Health Sciences, Northeastern University, Shenyang, China
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Lui KH, Li S, Lo WS, Gu Y, Wong WT. In vivo photoacoustic imaging for monitoring treatment outcome of corneal neovascularization with metformin eye drops. Biomed Opt Express 2021; 12:3597-3606. [PMID: 34221681 PMCID: PMC8221937 DOI: 10.1364/boe.423982] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2021] [Revised: 04/21/2021] [Accepted: 04/21/2021] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
Corneal neovascularization (CNV) compromises corneal avascularity and visual acuity. Current clinical visualization approaches are subjective and unable to provide molecular information. Photoacoustic (PA) imaging offers an objective and non-invasive way for angiogenesis investigation through hemodynamic and oxygen saturation level (sO2) quantification. Here, we demonstrate the utility of PA and slit lamp microscope for in vivo rat CNV model. PA images revealed untreated corneas exhibited higher sO2 level than treatment groups. The PA results complement with the color image obtained with slit lamp. These data suggest PA could offer an objective and non-invasive method for monitoring CNV progression and treatment outcome through the sO2 quantification.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kwok-Ho Lui
- Department of Applied Biology and Chemical Technology, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hung Hom, Hong Kong, China
- These authors contributed equally
| | - Shiying Li
- Department of Applied Biology and Chemical Technology, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hung Hom, Hong Kong, China
- These authors contributed equally
| | - Wai-sum Lo
- Department of Applied Biology and Chemical Technology, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hung Hom, Hong Kong, China
| | - Yanjuan Gu
- Department of Applied Biology and Chemical Technology, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hung Hom, Hong Kong, China
| | - Wing-Tak Wong
- Department of Applied Biology and Chemical Technology, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hung Hom, Hong Kong, China
- Hong Kong Polytechnic University Shenzhen Research Institute, Shenzhen, 518057, China
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Valtorta S, Lo Dico A, Raccagni I, Martelli C, Pieri V, Rainone P, Todde S, Zinnhardt B, De Bernardi E, Coliva A, Politi LS, Viel T, Jacobs AH, Galli R, Ottobrini L, Vaira V, Moresco RM. Imaging Metformin Efficacy as Add-On Therapy in Cells and Mouse Models of Human EGFR Glioblastoma. Front Oncol 2021; 11:664149. [PMID: 34012924 PMCID: PMC8126706 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2021.664149] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2021] [Accepted: 04/12/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Glioblastoma (GBM) is a highly aggressive tumor of the brain. Despite the efforts, response to current therapies is poor and 2-years survival rate ranging from 6-12%. Here, we evaluated the preclinical efficacy of Metformin (MET) as add-on therapy to Temozolomide (TMZ) and the ability of [18F]FLT (activity of thymidine kinase 1 related to cell proliferation) and [18F]VC701 (translocator protein, TSPO) Positron Emission Tomography (PET) radiotracers to predict tumor response to therapy. Indeed, TSPO is expressed on the outer mitochondrial membrane of activated microglia/macrophages, tumor cells, astrocytes and endothelial cells. TMZ-sensitive (Gli36ΔEGFR-1 and L0627) or -resistant (Gli36ΔEGFR-2) GBM cell lines representative of classical molecular subtype were tested in vitro and in vivo in orthotopic mouse models. Our results indicate that in vitro, MET increased the efficacy of TMZ on TMZ-sensitive and on TMZ-resistant cells by deregulating the balance between pro-survival (bcl2) and pro-apoptotic (bax/bad) Bcl-family members and promoting early apoptosis in both Gli36ΔEGFR-1 and Gli36ΔEGFR-2 cells. In vivo, MET add-on significantly extended the median survival of tumor-bearing mice compared to TMZ-treated ones and reduced the rate of recurrence in the TMZ-sensitive models. PET studies with the cell proliferation radiopharmaceutical [18F]FLT performed at early time during treatment were able to distinguish responder from non-responder to TMZ but not to predict the duration of the effect. On the contrary, [18F]VC701 uptake was reduced only in mice treated with MET plus TMZ and levels of uptake negatively correlated with animals’ survival. Overall, our data showed that MET addition improved TMZ efficacy in GBM preclinical models representative of classical molecular subtype increasing survival time and reducing tumor relapsing rate. Finally, results from PET imaging suggest that the reduction of cell proliferation represents a common mechanism of TMZ and combined treatment, whereas only the last was able to reduce TSPO. This reduction was associated with the duration of treatment response. TSPO-ligand may be used as a complementary molecular imaging marker to predict tumor microenvironment related treatment effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Silvia Valtorta
- Department of Medicine and Surgery and Tecnomed Foundation, University of Milano - Bicocca, Monza, Italy.,Institute of Molecular Bioimaging and Physiology, National Research Council (IBFM-CNR), Segrate, Italy.,Nuclear Medicine Department, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy
| | - Alessia Lo Dico
- Department of Pathophysiology and Transplantation (DEPT), University of Milan, Milan, Italy
| | - Isabella Raccagni
- Institute of Molecular Bioimaging and Physiology, National Research Council (IBFM-CNR), Segrate, Italy.,Nuclear Medicine Department, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy.,SYSBIO Centre of Systems Biology ISBE.ITALY, University of Milano - Bicocca, Milan, Italy
| | - Cristina Martelli
- Department of Pathophysiology and Transplantation (DEPT), University of Milan, Milan, Italy
| | - Valentina Pieri
- Neural Stem Cell Biology Unit, Division of Neuroscience, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy
| | - Paolo Rainone
- Department of Medicine and Surgery and Tecnomed Foundation, University of Milano - Bicocca, Monza, Italy.,Nuclear Medicine Department, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy
| | - Sergio Todde
- Department of Medicine and Surgery and Tecnomed Foundation, University of Milano - Bicocca, Monza, Italy.,Institute of Molecular Bioimaging and Physiology, National Research Council (IBFM-CNR), Segrate, Italy
| | - Bastian Zinnhardt
- European Institute for Molecular Imaging (EIMI), University of Münster, Münster, Germany.,Department of Nuclear Medicine, University Hospital Münster, Münster, Germany
| | - Elisabetta De Bernardi
- Department of Medicine and Surgery and Tecnomed Foundation, University of Milano - Bicocca, Monza, Italy
| | - Angela Coliva
- Nuclear Medicine Department, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy
| | - Letterio S Politi
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Humanitas University, Rozzano, Italy.,Department of Neuroradiology, Humanitas Clinical and Research Center IRCCS, Rozzano, Italy
| | - Thomas Viel
- PARCC, INSERM, Université de Paris, Paris, France
| | - Andreas H Jacobs
- European Institute for Molecular Imaging (EIMI), University of Münster, Münster, Germany
| | - Rossella Galli
- Neural Stem Cell Biology Unit, Division of Neuroscience, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy
| | - Luisa Ottobrini
- Institute of Molecular Bioimaging and Physiology, National Research Council (IBFM-CNR), Segrate, Italy.,Department of Pathophysiology and Transplantation (DEPT), University of Milan, Milan, Italy
| | - Valentina Vaira
- Department of Pathophysiology and Transplantation (DEPT), University of Milan, Milan, Italy.,Division of Pathology, Fondazione IRCCS Ca' Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Milan, Italy
| | - Rosa Maria Moresco
- Department of Medicine and Surgery and Tecnomed Foundation, University of Milano - Bicocca, Monza, Italy.,Institute of Molecular Bioimaging and Physiology, National Research Council (IBFM-CNR), Segrate, Italy.,Nuclear Medicine Department, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy
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38
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Abstract
Angiogenesis, the development of new blood vessels from existing ones, is
a critical process in wound healing and skeletal muscle hypertrophy.
It also leads to pathological conditions such as retinopathy and tumor
genesis. Metformin, the first-line treatment for type 2 diabetic
mellitus, has a specific regulatory effect on the process of
angiogenesis. Anti-angiogenesis can inhibit the occurrence and
metastasis of tumors and alleviate patients’ symptoms with polycystic
ovary syndrome. Moreover, promoting angiogenesis effect can accelerate
wound healing and promote stroke recovery and limb ischemia
reconstruction. This review reorganizes metformin in angiogenesis, and
the underlying mechanism in alleviating disease to bring some
inspiration to relevant researchers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu Ren
- Department of Pharmacy, Taizhou Hospital of Zhejiang Province Affiliated to Wenzhou Medical University, Taizhou, China
| | - Hua Luo
- Department of Orthopaedics, Taizhou Hospital of Zhejiang Province Affiliated to Wenzhou Medical University, Taizhou, China
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39
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Gong C, Yu X, Zhang W, Han L, Wang R, Wang Y, Gao S, Yuan Y. Regulating the immunosuppressive tumor microenvironment to enhance breast cancer immunotherapy using pH-responsive hybrid membrane-coated nanoparticles. J Nanobiotechnology 2021; 19:58. [PMID: 33632231 PMCID: PMC7905864 DOI: 10.1186/s12951-021-00805-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2020] [Accepted: 02/10/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
The combination of an immuno-metabolic adjuvant and immune checkpoint inhibitors holds great promise for effective suppression of tumor growth and invasion. In this study, a pH-responsive co-delivery platform was developed for metformin (Met), a known immuno-metabolic modulator, and short interfering RNA (siRNA) targeting fibrinogen-like protein 1 mRNA (siFGL1), using a hybrid biomimetic membrane (from macrophages and cancer cells)-camouflaged poly (lactic-co-glycolic acid) nanoparticles. To improve the endo-lysosomal escape of siRNA for effective cytosolic siRNA delivery, a pH-triggered CO2 gas-generating nanoplatform was developed using the guanidine group of Met. It can react reversibly with CO2 to form Met-CO2 for the pH-dependent capture/release of CO2. The introduction of Met, a conventional anti-diabetic drug, promotes programmed death-ligand 1 (PD-L1) degradation by activating adenosine monophosphate-activated protein kinase, subsequently blocking the inhibitory signals of PD-L1. As a result, siFGL1 delivery by the camouflaged nanoparticles of the hybrid biomimetic membrane can effectively silence the FGL1 gene, promoting T-cell-mediated immune responses and enhancing antitumor immunity. We found that a combination of PD-L1/programmed death 1 signaling blockade and FGL1 gene silencing exhibited high synergistic therapeutic efficacy against breast cancer in vitro and in vivo. Additionally, Met alleviated tumor hypoxia by reducing oxygen consumption and inducing M1-type differentiation of tumor-related macrophages, which improved the tumor immunosuppressive microenvironment. Our results indicate the potential of hybrid biomimetic membrane-camouflaged nanoparticles and combined Met-FGL1 blockade in breast cancer immunotherapy.![]()
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Affiliation(s)
- Chunai Gong
- Department of Pharmacy, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai JiaoTong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 201999, China
| | - Xiaoyan Yu
- Department of Pharmacy, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai JiaoTong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 201999, China
| | - Wei Zhang
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Shanghai Pulmonary Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200000, China
| | - Lu Han
- Department of Pharmacy, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai JiaoTong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 201999, China
| | - Rong Wang
- Department of Pharmacy, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai JiaoTong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 201999, China
| | - Yujie Wang
- Department of Pharmacy, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai JiaoTong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 201999, China
| | - Shen Gao
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Changhai Hospital, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, 200433, China.
| | - Yongfang Yuan
- Department of Pharmacy, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai JiaoTong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 201999, China.
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40
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Abstract
Malignant tumors are a major cause of death, and their incidence is increasing worldwide. Although the survival rate for some cancers has improved, treatments for other malignant tumors are limited, and their mortality rate continues to increase. People with type 2 diabetes have a higher risk of malignant tumors and a higher mortality rate than those without diabetes. Metformin is a commonly used hypoglycemic drug. In recent years, a growing number of studies have indicated that metformin has antitumor effects and increases the sensitivity of malignant tumors to chemotherapy. However, the effect of metformin on different tumors is currently controversial, and the mechanism of metformin's antitumor action is not fully understood. Insights into the effect of metformin on malignant tumors and the possible mechanism may contribute to the development of antitumor drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weiling Leng
- Endocrinology Department, The First Affiliated Hospital of the Third Military Medical University (Army Medical University), Chongqing, People’s Republic of China
| | - Juan Jiang
- Endocrinology and Nephrology Department, Chongqing University Cancer Hospital and Chongqing Cancer Institute and Chongqing Cancer Hospital, Chongqing, People’s Republic of China
| | - Bing Chen
- Endocrinology Department, The First Affiliated Hospital of the Third Military Medical University (Army Medical University), Chongqing, People’s Republic of China
- Bing Chen Endocrinology Department, The First Affiliated Hospital of the Third Military Medical University (Army Medical University), Chongqing, People’s Republic of China Email
| | - Qinan Wu
- Endocrinology Department, Dazu Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, The People’s Hospital of Dazu, Chongqing, People’s Republic of China
- Correspondence: Qinan Wu Endocrinology Department, Dazu Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, The People’s Hospital of Dazu, Chongqing, People’s Republic of China Email
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41
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Luo ZW, Liu PP, Wang ZX, Chen CY, Xie H. Macrophages in Osteosarcoma Immune Microenvironment: Implications for Immunotherapy. Front Oncol 2020; 10:586580. [PMID: 33363016 PMCID: PMC7758531 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2020.586580] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2020] [Accepted: 11/05/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Osteosarcoma is a malignant primary bone tumor commonly occurring in children and adolescents. The treatment of local osteosarcoma is mainly based on surgical resection and chemotherapy, whereas the improvement of overall survival remains stagnant, especially in recurrent or metastatic cases. Tumor microenvironment (TME) is closely related to the occurrence and development of tumors, and macrophages are among the most abundant immune cells in the TME. Due to their vital roles in tumor progression, macrophages have gained increasing attention as the new target of tumor immunotherapy. In this review, we present a brief overview of macrophages in the TME and highlight the clinical significance of macrophages and their roles in the initiation and progression of osteosarcoma. Finally, we summarize the therapeutic approaches targeting macrophage, which represent a promising strategy in osteosarcoma therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhong-Wei Luo
- Department of Orthopedics, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
- Movement System Injury and Repair Research Center, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Pan-Pan Liu
- The Department of Dermatology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Zhen-Xing Wang
- Department of Orthopedics, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
- Movement System Injury and Repair Research Center, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Chun-Yuan Chen
- Department of Orthopedics, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
- Movement System Injury and Repair Research Center, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Hui Xie
- Department of Orthopedics, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
- Movement System Injury and Repair Research Center, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
- Department of Sports Medicine, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
- Hunan Key Laboratory of Organ Injury, Aging and Regenerative Medicine, Changsha, China
- Hunan Key Laboratory of Bone Joint Degeneration and Injury, Changsha, China
- National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
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42
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Lima FR, Ferreira LDM, Malta TA, Bonyek-Silva I, Santos RL, Tavares NM, Carvalho Filho EMD, Arruda S. Metformin promotes susceptibility to experimental Leishmania braziliensis infection. Mem Inst Oswaldo Cruz 2020; 115:e200272. [PMID: 33206822 PMCID: PMC7668079 DOI: 10.1590/0074-02760200272] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2020] [Accepted: 11/03/2020] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Metformin (MET) is a hypoglycemic drug used for the treatment of diabetes, despite interference in host immunity against microorganisms. Cutaneous infection caused by pathogens such as Leishmania braziliensis (Lb), the agent responsible for cutaneous leishmaniasis (CL) in Brazil, represents an interesting model in which to evaluate the effects associated with MET. OBJECTIVE To evaluate the modulatory effect of MET in Lb infection. MATERIAL AND METHODS Experimental study of Lb infection and MET treatment in BALB/c mice and Raw 264.7 macrophages. FINDINGS MET treatment interfered with lesion kinetics, increased parasite load and reduced macrophage proliferation. Low concentrations of MET in Lb culture allow for the maintenance of stationary parasite growth phase. Lb-infected cells treated with MET exhibited increased parasite load. While both MET and Lb infection alone promoted the production of intracellular reactive oxygen species (ROS), reduced levels of ROS were seen in MET-treated Lb-infected macrophages. MAIN CONCLUSION Experimental treatment with MET interfered with the kinetics of cutaneous ulceration, increased Lb parasite load, altered ROS production and modulated cellular proliferation. Our experimental results indicate that MET interfere with the evolution of CL.
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Affiliation(s)
- Filipe Rocha Lima
- Fundação Oswaldo Cruz-Fiocruz, Instituto Gonçalo Moniz, Laboratório Avançado de Saúde Pública, Salvador, BA, Brasil.,Universidade Federal da Bahia, Salvador, BA, Brasil
| | - Lais de Melo Ferreira
- Fundação Oswaldo Cruz-Fiocruz, Instituto Gonçalo Moniz, Laboratório Avançado de Saúde Pública, Salvador, BA, Brasil.,Universidade Estadual da Bahia, Departamento de Ciências da Vida, Salvador, BA, Brasil
| | - Tainá Alves Malta
- Fundação Oswaldo Cruz-Fiocruz, Instituto Gonçalo Moniz, Laboratório Avançado de Saúde Pública, Salvador, BA, Brasil.,Universidade Estadual da Bahia, Departamento de Ciências da Vida, Salvador, BA, Brasil
| | - Icaro Bonyek-Silva
- Fundação Oswaldo Cruz-Fiocruz, Instituto Gonçalo Moniz, Laboratório de Interação Parasito-Hospedeiro e Epidemiologia, Salvador, BA, Brasil.,Universidade Federal da Bahia, Salvador, BA, Brasil
| | - Reinan Lima Santos
- Fundação Oswaldo Cruz-Fiocruz, Instituto Gonçalo Moniz, Laboratório de Interação Parasito-Hospedeiro e Epidemiologia, Salvador, BA, Brasil.,Universidade Federal da Bahia, Salvador, BA, Brasil
| | - Natália Machado Tavares
- Fundação Oswaldo Cruz-Fiocruz, Instituto Gonçalo Moniz, Laboratório de Interação Parasito-Hospedeiro e Epidemiologia, Salvador, BA, Brasil
| | - Edgar Marcelino de Carvalho Filho
- Fundação Oswaldo Cruz-Fiocruz, Instituto Gonçalo Moniz, Laboratório de Pesquisa Clínica, Salvador, BA, Brasil.,Universidade Federal da Bahia, Salvador, BA, Brasil
| | - Sérgio Arruda
- Fundação Oswaldo Cruz-Fiocruz, Instituto Gonçalo Moniz, Laboratório Avançado de Saúde Pública, Salvador, BA, Brasil.,Universidade Estadual da Bahia, Departamento de Ciências da Vida, Salvador, BA, Brasil
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43
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Abstract
The immune system plays an essential and central role in tumor cell differentiation, proliferation, angiogenesis, apoptosis, invasion, and metastasis. Over the past decade, cancer therapy has rapidly evolved from traditional approaches, such as surgery, chemotherapy, and radiotherapy, to revolutionary new treatment options with immunotherapy. This new era of cancer treatment options has now been clinically tested and applied to many forms of human malignancies, often with quite dramatic results. As we develop more effective combinations of cancer treatment, several agents have been recently investigated, putatively identified as anticancer agents, or immunostimulatory molecules. One such agent is metformin, originally developed as a fairly standard first-line therapy for patients with type-2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). Given the underlying mechanisms of action, researchers began to examine the alternative functions and possible utility of metformin, finding that the cancer risk in patients with T2DM was reduced. It appears that metformin, at least in part, has an antitumor effect through activation of the 5' adenosine monophosphate-activated protein kinase (AMPK) signaling pathway. Moreover, numerous studies have demonstrated that metformin interferes with key immunopathological mechanisms that are involved in the pathological processes or associated with malignant progression. Such insights may shed light on further analyzing whether metformin enhances the effectiveness of the immunotherapy and overcomes the immunotherapy resistance in the patients. Herein, we provide a comprehensive review of the literature examining the impact of metformin upon the host immune system and cancer immunity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruixia Ma
- Department of Genetics, School of Medicine, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center, New Orleans, LA, USA
- Stanley S. Scott Cancer Center, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center, New Orleans, LA, USA
- Jiangsu Center for the Collaboration and Innovation of Cancer Biotherapy, Cancer Institute, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, 221000, China
| | - Bin Yi
- Department of Genetics, School of Medicine, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center, New Orleans, LA, USA
- Stanley S. Scott Cancer Center, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center, New Orleans, LA, USA
| | - Adam I Riker
- Geaton and JoAnn DeCesaris Cancer Institute, Anne Arundel Medical Center, Luminis Health, Annapolis, MD, USA.
| | - Yaguang Xi
- Department of Genetics, School of Medicine, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center, New Orleans, LA, USA.
- Stanley S. Scott Cancer Center, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center, New Orleans, LA, USA.
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44
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Abstract
T-cell-based cancer immunotherapies, such as immune checkpoint blockers (ICBs) and chimeric antigen receptor (CAR)-T-cells, have significant anti-tumor effects against certain types of cancer, providing a new paradigm for cancer treatment. However, the activity of tumor infiltrating T-cells (TILs) can be effectively neutralized in the tumor microenvironment (TME) of most solid tumors, rich in various immunosuppressive factors and cells. Therefore, to improve the clinical outcomes of established T-cell-based immunotherapy, adjuvants that can comprehensively relieve multiple immunosuppressive mechanisms of TME are needed. In this regard, recent studies have revealed that metformin has several beneficial effects on anti-tumor immunity. In this mini-review, we understand the immunosuppressive properties of TME and how metformin comprehensively enhances anti-tumor immunity. Finally, we will discuss this old friend’s potential as an adjuvant for cancer immunotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- KyeongJin Kim
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, College of Medicine, Inha University, Incheon 22212, Korea
- Department of Biomedical Science, Program in Biomedical Science and Engineering, Graduate School, Inha University, Incheon 22212, Korea
| | - Wen-Hao Yang
- Graduate Institute of Biomedical Sciences, China Medical University, Taichung 40402, Taiwan
| | - Youn-Sang Jung
- Department of Life Science, Chung-Ang University, Seoul 06974, Korea
| | - Jong-ho Cha
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, College of Medicine, Inha University, Incheon 22212, Korea
- Department of Biomedical Science, Program in Biomedical Science and Engineering, Graduate School, Inha University, Incheon 22212, Korea
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45
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Saito A, Kitayama J, Horie H, Koinuma K, Ohzawa H, Yamaguchi H, Kawahira H, Mimura T, Lefor AK, Sata N. Metformin changes the immune microenvironment of colorectal cancer in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus. Cancer Sci 2020; 111:4012-4020. [PMID: 32794612 PMCID: PMC7648042 DOI: 10.1111/cas.14615] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2020] [Revised: 08/07/2020] [Accepted: 08/09/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Accumulating evidence suggests that metformin reduces the incidence and mortality of colorectal cancer (CRC). However, underlying mechanisms have not been fully clarified. The aim of this study was to examine the pathological characteristics of resected CRC from patients treated with metformin for type 2 diabetes mellitus (DM). In total, 267 patients with DM underwent curative colectomy for Stage I‐III CRC and 53 (19.9%) patients had been treated medically including metformin. Pathological N‐stage was significantly lower in metformin‐treated patients (P < .05) with prolonged disease‐free survival (DFS) (P < .05). Immunohistochemistry showed that the densities of CD3(+) and CD8(+) tumor‐infiltrating lymphocytes (TILs) in the invasive front area were significantly higher in 40 patients treated with metformin compared with propensity score matched cases without metformin (P < .05). The density of tertiary lymphoid structures (TLS) in tumor stroma was markedly increased in metformin‐treated patients (P < .001). In those tumors, there were more CD68(+) tumor‐associated macrophages (TAM) infiltrated (P < .05), while the ratio of CD163(+) M2‐phenotype was markedly reduced (P < .001). Stromal fibrosis tended to be suppressed by metformin intake (P = .051). These findings suggested that metformin drastically changes the characteristics of infiltrating immune cells in CRC and reprograms the tumor microenvironment from immunosuppressive to immunocompetent status, which may lead to suppression of microscopic tumor spread and improve the outcomes of patients with CRC and type 2 DM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Akira Saito
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Jichi Medical University, Shimotsuke, Japan
| | - Joji Kitayama
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Jichi Medical University, Shimotsuke, Japan
| | - Hisanaga Horie
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Jichi Medical University, Shimotsuke, Japan
| | - Koji Koinuma
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Jichi Medical University, Shimotsuke, Japan
| | - Hideyuki Ohzawa
- Department of Clinical Oncology, Jichi Medical University, Shimotsuke, Japan
| | - Hironori Yamaguchi
- Department of Clinical Oncology, Jichi Medical University, Shimotsuke, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Kawahira
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Jichi Medical University, Shimotsuke, Japan
| | - Toshiki Mimura
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Jichi Medical University, Shimotsuke, Japan
| | - Alan Kawarai Lefor
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Jichi Medical University, Shimotsuke, Japan
| | - Naohiro Sata
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Jichi Medical University, Shimotsuke, Japan
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46
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Crezee T, Rabold K, de Jong L, Jaeger M, Netea-Maier RT. Metabolic programming of tumor associated macrophages in the context of cancer treatment. Ann Transl Med 2020; 8:1028. [PMID: 32953828 PMCID: PMC7475452 DOI: 10.21037/atm-20-1114] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Tumor associated macrophages (TAMs) are important components of the tumor microenvironment (TME). They are characterized by a remarkable functional plasticity, thereby mostly promoting cancer progression. Changes in immune cell metabolism are paramount for this functional adaptation. Here, we review the functional consequences of the metabolic programming of TAMs and the influence of local and systemic targeted therapies on the metabolic characteristics of the TME that shape the functional phenotype of the TAMs. Understanding these metabolic changes within the context of the cross-talk between the different components of the TME including the TAMs and the tumor cells is an essential step that can pave the way towards identifications of ways to improve responses to different treatments, to overcome resistance to treatments, tumor progression and reduce treatment-specific toxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas Crezee
- Department of Pathology, Radboud University Medical Center and Radboud Institute for Molecular Life Sciences, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Katrin Rabold
- Department of Internal Medicine, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands.,Radiotherapy and OncoImmunology Laboratory, Department of Radiation Oncology, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands.,Radboud Institute for Molecular Life Sciences (RIMLS), Radboud University Nijmegen Medical Center, Geert Grooteplein Zuid 28, 6525 GA Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Lisanne de Jong
- Department of Internal Medicine, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Martin Jaeger
- Department of Internal Medicine, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands.,Radboud Institute for Molecular Life Sciences (RIMLS), Radboud University Nijmegen Medical Center, Geert Grooteplein Zuid 28, 6525 GA Nijmegen, The Netherlands.,Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Endocrinology, Radboud University Medical Center, Geert Grooteplein Zuid 8, 6525 GA, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Romana T Netea-Maier
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Endocrinology, Radboud University Medical Center, Geert Grooteplein Zuid 8, 6525 GA, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
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47
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Byrne FL, Martin AR, Kosasih M, Caruana BT, Farrell R. The Role of Hyperglycemia in Endometrial Cancer Pathogenesis. Cancers (Basel) 2020; 12:cancers12051191. [PMID: 32397158 PMCID: PMC7281579 DOI: 10.3390/cancers12051191] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2020] [Revised: 05/04/2020] [Accepted: 05/05/2020] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Endometrial cancer is one of the most common cancers in women worldwide and its incidence is increasing. Epidemiological evidence shows a strong association between endometrial cancer and obesity, and multiple mechanisms linking obesity and cancer progression have been described. However, it remains unclear which factors are the main drivers of endometrial cancer development. Hyperglycemia and type 2 diabetes mellitus are common co-morbidities of obesity, and there is evidence that hyperglycemia is a risk factor for endometrial cancer independent of obesity. This review aims to explore the association between hyperglycemia and endometrial cancer, and discuss the evidence supporting a role for increased glucose metabolism in endometrial cancer and how this phenotype may contribute to endometrial cancer growth and progression. Finally, the potential role of blood glucose lowering strategies, including drugs and bariatric surgery, for the treatment of this malignancy will be discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Frances L. Byrne
- School of Biotechnology & Biomolecular Sciences, Faculty of Science, University of New South Wales, Sydney 2052, Australia;
- Correspondence:
| | - Amy R. Martin
- School of Women’s and Children’s Health, Faculty of Medicine, University of New South Wales, Sydney 2052, Australia; (A.R.M.); (M.K.)
| | - Melidya Kosasih
- School of Women’s and Children’s Health, Faculty of Medicine, University of New South Wales, Sydney 2052, Australia; (A.R.M.); (M.K.)
| | - Beth T. Caruana
- School of Biotechnology & Biomolecular Sciences, Faculty of Science, University of New South Wales, Sydney 2052, Australia;
| | - Rhonda Farrell
- Prince of Wales Private Hospital, Randwick, NSW 2034, Australia;
- Chris O’Brien Lifehouse, Camperdown, Sydney 2050, Australia
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48
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Zhao B, Luo J, Yu T, Zhou L, Lv H, Shang P. Anticancer mechanisms of metformin: A review of the current evidence. Life Sci 2020; 254:117717. [PMID: 32339541 DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2020.117717] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2020] [Revised: 04/15/2020] [Accepted: 04/21/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Metformin, a US Food and Drug Administration-approved "star" drug used for diabetes mellitus type 2, has become a topic of increasing interest to researchers due to its anti-neoplastic effects. Growing evidence has demonstrated that metformin may be a promising chemotherapeutic agent, and several clinical trials of metformin use in cancer treatment are ongoing. However, the anti-neoplastic effects of metformin and its underlying mechanisms have not been fully elucidated. In this review, we present the newest findings on the anticancer activities of metformin, and highlight its diverse anticancer mechanisms. Several clinical trials, as well as the limitations of the current evidence are also demonstrated. This review explores the crucial roles of metformin and provides supporting evidence for the repurposing of metformin as a treatment of cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bin Zhao
- Research & Development Institute of Northwestern Polytechnical University in Shenzhen, Shenzhen 518057, China; School of Life Science, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710072, China; Key Laboratory for Space Bioscience and Biotechnology, Institute of Special Environmental Biophysics, School of Life Science, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710072, China
| | - Jie Luo
- Research & Development Institute of Northwestern Polytechnical University in Shenzhen, Shenzhen 518057, China; School of Life Science, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710072, China; Key Laboratory for Space Bioscience and Biotechnology, Institute of Special Environmental Biophysics, School of Life Science, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710072, China
| | - Tongyao Yu
- Research & Development Institute of Northwestern Polytechnical University in Shenzhen, Shenzhen 518057, China; School of Life Science, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710072, China; Key Laboratory for Space Bioscience and Biotechnology, Institute of Special Environmental Biophysics, School of Life Science, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710072, China
| | - Liangfu Zhou
- Research & Development Institute of Northwestern Polytechnical University in Shenzhen, Shenzhen 518057, China; School of Life Science, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710072, China; Key Laboratory for Space Bioscience and Biotechnology, Institute of Special Environmental Biophysics, School of Life Science, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710072, China
| | - Huanhuan Lv
- Research & Development Institute of Northwestern Polytechnical University in Shenzhen, Shenzhen 518057, China; School of Life Science, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710072, China; Key Laboratory for Space Bioscience and Biotechnology, Institute of Special Environmental Biophysics, School of Life Science, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710072, China
| | - Peng Shang
- Research & Development Institute of Northwestern Polytechnical University in Shenzhen, Shenzhen 518057, China; Key Laboratory for Space Bioscience and Biotechnology, Institute of Special Environmental Biophysics, School of Life Science, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710072, China.
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49
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Geng F, Bao X, Dong L, Guo QQ, Guo J, Xie Y, Zhou Y, Yu B, Wu H, Wu JX, Zhang HH, Yu XH, Kong W. Doxorubicin pretreatment enhances FAPα/survivin co-targeting DNA vaccine anti-tumor activity primarily through decreasing peripheral MDSCs in the 4T1 murine breast cancer model. Oncoimmunology 2020; 9:1747350. [PMID: 32363118 PMCID: PMC7185204 DOI: 10.1080/2162402x.2020.1747350] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2019] [Revised: 02/25/2020] [Accepted: 02/29/2020] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
The tumor microenvironment (TME) provides necessary nutrition for tumor growth and recruits immunosuppressive factors including regulatory T cells and myeloid-derived suppressor cells (MDSCs) to inhibit the anti-tumor immune response induced by immunotherapy. As a main TME component, cancer associated fibroblasts (CAFs) can restrain T cell infiltration and activity through extracellular matrix remodeling. Vaccines targeting fibroblast-activating protein α (FAPα), which is mainly expressed on the CAF surface, can eliminate CAFs in tumors and regulate the TME, enhancing the potency of T cell-mediated anti-tumor effects. However, the anti-tumor effects were not fully realized as the tumor induces a large number of peripheral MDSCs during its growth, rendering the body of mice in an immunosuppressive state and preventing the vaccine from inducing effective anti-tumor immune responses. Here, we developed a dual-targeted DNA vaccine OsFS, targeting tumor matrix antigen FAPα and tumor cell antigen survivin simultaneously, exhibited enhanced antineoplastic effects in an established breast cancer model. Moreover, doxorubicin (Dox) pretreatment to remove the peripheral MDSCs induced to regulate the peripheral immune environment could further facilitate the anti-tumor activity of the vaccine. These results indicated that combination treatment of the tumor cells and the TME dual-targeting vaccine plus Dox could effectively realize the anti-tumor activity of the vaccine by decreasing immunosuppressive factors and inducing more tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes, which may offer important guidance for clinical research regarding the combination of the DNA vaccine with low-dose Dox.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fei Geng
- National Engineering Laboratory for AIDS Vaccine, School of Life Science, Jilin University, Changchun, P. R. China
| | - Xin Bao
- National Engineering Laboratory for AIDS Vaccine, School of Life Science, Jilin University, Changchun, P. R. China
| | - Ling Dong
- National Engineering Laboratory for AIDS Vaccine, School of Life Science, Jilin University, Changchun, P. R. China
| | - Qian-Qian Guo
- National Engineering Laboratory for AIDS Vaccine, School of Life Science, Jilin University, Changchun, P. R. China
| | - Jie Guo
- National Engineering Laboratory for AIDS Vaccine, School of Life Science, Jilin University, Changchun, P. R. China
| | - Yu Xie
- National Engineering Laboratory for AIDS Vaccine, School of Life Science, Jilin University, Changchun, P. R. China
| | - Yi Zhou
- National Engineering Laboratory for AIDS Vaccine, School of Life Science, Jilin University, Changchun, P. R. China
| | - Bin Yu
- National Engineering Laboratory for AIDS Vaccine, School of Life Science, Jilin University, Changchun, P. R. China
| | - Hui Wu
- National Engineering Laboratory for AIDS Vaccine, School of Life Science, Jilin University, Changchun, P. R. China
| | - Jia-Xin Wu
- National Engineering Laboratory for AIDS Vaccine, School of Life Science, Jilin University, Changchun, P. R. China
| | - Hai-Hong Zhang
- National Engineering Laboratory for AIDS Vaccine, School of Life Science, Jilin University, Changchun, P. R. China.,Key Laboratory for Molecular Enzymology and Engineering, the Ministry of Education, School of Life Sciences, Jilin University, Changchun, P. R. China
| | - Xiang-Hui Yu
- National Engineering Laboratory for AIDS Vaccine, School of Life Science, Jilin University, Changchun, P. R. China.,Key Laboratory for Molecular Enzymology and Engineering, the Ministry of Education, School of Life Sciences, Jilin University, Changchun, P. R. China
| | - Wei Kong
- National Engineering Laboratory for AIDS Vaccine, School of Life Science, Jilin University, Changchun, P. R. China.,Key Laboratory for Molecular Enzymology and Engineering, the Ministry of Education, School of Life Sciences, Jilin University, Changchun, P. R. China
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50
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Uehara T, Eikawa S, Nishida M, Kunisada Y, Yoshida A, Fujiwara T, Kunisada T, Ozaki T, Udono H. Metformin induces CD11b+-cell-mediated growth inhibition of an osteosarcoma: implications for metabolic reprogramming of myeloid cells and anti-tumor effects. Int Immunol 2020; 31:187-198. [PMID: 30508092 PMCID: PMC6440441 DOI: 10.1093/intimm/dxy079] [Citation(s) in RCA: 81] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2018] [Accepted: 11/20/2018] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
CD11b+ myeloid subpopulations, including myeloid-derived suppressor cells (MDSCs) and tumor-associated macrophages (TAMs), play crucial roles in the suppression of T-cell-mediated anti-tumor immunity. Regulation of these cell types is a primary goal for achieving efficient cancer immunotherapy. We found that metformin (Met) induces CD11b+-cell-mediated growth inhibition of a K7M2neo osteosarcoma independent of T cells, as growth inhibition of K7M2neo was still observed in wild-type (WT) mice depleted of T cells by antibodies and in SCID; this contrasted with the effect of Met on Meth A fibrosarcoma, which was entirely T-cell-dependent. Moreover, the inhibitory effect seen in SCID was abrogated by anti-CD11b antibody injection. PMN-MDSCs were significantly reduced in both spleens and tumors following Met treatment. In TAMs, production of IL-12 and TNF-α, but not IL-10, became apparent, and elevation of MHC class II with reduction of CD206 was observed, indicating a shift from an M2- to M1-like phenotype via Met administration. Metabolically, Met treatment decreased basal respiration and the oxygen consumption rate (OCR)/extracellular acidification rate (ECAR) ratio of CD11b+ cells in tumors, but not in the spleen. In addition, decreased reactive oxygen species (ROS) production and proton leakage in MDSCs and TAMs were consistently observed in tumors. Uptake of both 2-deoxy-2-d-glucose (2-NBDG) and BODIPY® decreased in MDSCs, but only BODIPY® incorporation was decreased in TAMs. Overall, our results suggest that Met redirects the metabolism of CD11b+ cells to lower oxidative phosphorylation (OXPHOS) while elevating glycolysis, thereby pushing the microenvironment to a state that inhibits the growth of certain tumors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takenori Uehara
- Department of Immunology, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry, and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kita-ku, Okayama, Japan.,Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry, and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kita-ku, Okayama, Japan
| | - Shingo Eikawa
- Department of Immunology, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry, and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kita-ku, Okayama, Japan
| | - Mikako Nishida
- Department of Immunology, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry, and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kita-ku, Okayama, Japan
| | - Yuki Kunisada
- Department of Immunology, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry, and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kita-ku, Okayama, Japan
| | - Aki Yoshida
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry, and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kita-ku, Okayama, Japan
| | - Tomohiro Fujiwara
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry, and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kita-ku, Okayama, Japan
| | - Toshiyuki Kunisada
- Medical Materials for Musculoskeletal Reconstitution, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry, and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kita-ku, Okayama, Japan
| | - Toshifumi Ozaki
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry, and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kita-ku, Okayama, Japan
| | - Heiichiro Udono
- Department of Immunology, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry, and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kita-ku, Okayama, Japan
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