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Xue W, Yang L, Chen C, Ashrafizadeh M, Tian Y, Sun R. Wnt/β-catenin-driven EMT regulation in human cancers. Cell Mol Life Sci 2024; 81:79. [PMID: 38334836 PMCID: PMC10857981 DOI: 10.1007/s00018-023-05099-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2023] [Revised: 12/09/2023] [Accepted: 12/20/2023] [Indexed: 02/10/2024]
Abstract
Metastasis accounts for 90% of cancer-related deaths among the patients. The transformation of epithelial cells into mesenchymal cells with molecular alterations can occur during epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT). The EMT mechanism accelerates the cancer metastasis and drug resistance ability in human cancers. Among the different regulators of EMT, Wnt/β-catenin axis has been emerged as a versatile modulator. Wnt is in active form in physiological condition due to the function of GSK-3β that destructs β-catenin, while ligand-receptor interaction impairs GSK-3β function to increase β-catenin stability and promote its nuclear transfer. Regarding the oncogenic function of Wnt/β-catenin, its upregulation occurs in human cancers and it can accelerate EMT-mediated metastasis and drug resistance. The stimulation of Wnt by binding Wnt ligands into Frizzled receptors can enhance β-catenin accumulation in cytoplasm that stimulates EMT and related genes upon nuclear translocation. Wnt/β-catenin/EMT axis has been implicated in augmenting metastasis of both solid and hematological tumors. The Wnt/EMT-mediated cancer metastasis promotes the malignant behavior of tumor cells, causing therapy resistance. The Wnt/β-catenin/EMT axis can be modulated by upstream mediators in which non-coding RNAs are main regulators. Moreover, pharmacological intervention, mainly using phytochemicals, suppresses Wnt/EMT axis in metastasis suppression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenhua Xue
- Department of Pharmacy, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450052, Henan, People's Republic of China
| | - Lin Yang
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, Xianyang Central Hospital, Xianyang, 712000, Shaanxi, China
| | - Chengxin Chen
- Department of Pharmacy, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450052, Henan, People's Republic of China
| | - Milad Ashrafizadeh
- Shanghai Institute of Cardiovascular Diseases, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, China.
| | - Yu Tian
- School of Public Health, Benedictine University, Lisle, USA.
| | - Ranran Sun
- Precision Medicine Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, China.
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2
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Hashemi M, Hasani S, Hajimazdarany S, Ghadyani F, Olyaee Y, Khodadadi M, Ziyarani MF, Dehghanpour A, Salehi H, Kakavand A, Goharrizi MASB, Aref AR, Salimimoghadam S, Akbari ME, Taheriazam A, Hushmandi K, Entezari M. Biological functions and molecular interactions of Wnt/β-catenin in breast cancer: Revisiting signaling networks. Int J Biol Macromol 2023; 232:123377. [PMID: 36702226 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2023.123377] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2022] [Revised: 12/27/2022] [Accepted: 01/15/2023] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Abstract
Changes in lifestyle such as physical activity and eating habits have been one of the main reasons for development of various diseases in modern world, especially cancer. However, role of genetic factors in initiation of cancer cannot be ignored and Wnt/β-catenin signaling is such factor that can affect tumor progression. Breast tumor is the most malignant tumor in females and it causes high mortality and morbidity around the world. The survival and prognosis of patients are not still desirable, although there have been advances in introducing new kinds of therapies and diagnosis. The present review provides an update of Wnt/β-catenin function in breast cancer malignancy. The upregulation of Wnt is commonly observed during progression of breast tumor and confirms that tumor cells are dependent on this pathway Wnt/β-catenin induction prevents apoptosis that is of importance for mediating drug resistance. Furthermore, Wnt/β-catenin signaling induces DNA damage repair in ameliorating radio-resistance. Wnt/β-catenin enhances proliferation and metastasis of breast tumor. Wnt/β-catenin induces EMT and elevates MMP expression. Furthermore, Wnt/β-catenin participates in tumor microenvironment remodeling and due to its tumor-promoting factor, drugs for its suppression have been developed. Different kinds of upstream mediators Wnt/β-catenin signaling in breast cancer have been recognized that their targeting is a therapeutic approach. Finally, Wnt/β-catenin can be considered as a biomarker in clinical trials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mehrdad Hashemi
- Department of Genetics, Faculty of Advanced Science and Technology, Tehran Medical Sciences, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran; Farhikhtegan Medical Convergence Sciences Research Center, Farhikhtegan Hospital Tehran Medical Sciences, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Sahar Hasani
- Farhikhtegan Medical Convergence Sciences Research Center, Farhikhtegan Hospital Tehran Medical Sciences, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Shima Hajimazdarany
- Farhikhtegan Medical Convergence Sciences Research Center, Farhikhtegan Hospital Tehran Medical Sciences, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran; Department of Cellular and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Advanced Science and Technology, Tehran Medical Sciences, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Fatemeh Ghadyani
- Farhikhtegan Medical Convergence Sciences Research Center, Farhikhtegan Hospital Tehran Medical Sciences, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Yeganeh Olyaee
- Farhikhtegan Medical Convergence Sciences Research Center, Farhikhtegan Hospital Tehran Medical Sciences, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Marzieh Khodadadi
- Farhikhtegan Medical Convergence Sciences Research Center, Farhikhtegan Hospital Tehran Medical Sciences, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Maryam Fallah Ziyarani
- Farhikhtegan Medical Convergence Sciences Research Center, Farhikhtegan Hospital Tehran Medical Sciences, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Amir Dehghanpour
- Farhikhtegan Medical Convergence Sciences Research Center, Farhikhtegan Hospital Tehran Medical Sciences, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Hasti Salehi
- Farhikhtegan Medical Convergence Sciences Research Center, Farhikhtegan Hospital Tehran Medical Sciences, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Amirabbas Kakavand
- Farhikhtegan Medical Convergence Sciences Research Center, Farhikhtegan Hospital Tehran Medical Sciences, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran
| | | | - Amir Reza Aref
- Belfer Center for Applied Cancer Science, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA; Translational Sciences, Xsphera Biosciences Inc., 6 Tide Street, Boston, MA 02210, USA
| | - Shokooh Salimimoghadam
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Shahid Chamran University of Ahvaz, Ahvaz, Iran
| | | | - Afshin Taheriazam
- Farhikhtegan Medical Convergence Sciences Research Center, Farhikhtegan Hospital Tehran Medical Sciences, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran; Department of Orthopedics, Faculty of Medicine, Tehran Medical Sciences, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran.
| | - Kiavash Hushmandi
- Department of Food Hygiene and Quality Control, Division of Epidemiology & Zoonoses, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran.
| | - Maliheh Entezari
- Department of Genetics, Faculty of Advanced Science and Technology, Tehran Medical Sciences, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran; Farhikhtegan Medical Convergence Sciences Research Center, Farhikhtegan Hospital Tehran Medical Sciences, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran.
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3
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Banerjee M, Devi Rajeswari V. Inhibition of WNT signaling by conjugated microRNA nano-carriers: A new therapeutic approach for treating triple-negative breast cancer a perspective review. Crit Rev Oncol Hematol 2023; 182:103901. [PMID: 36584723 DOI: 10.1016/j.critrevonc.2022.103901] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2021] [Revised: 12/17/2022] [Accepted: 12/20/2022] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Triple-Negative Breast Cancer is the most aggressive form and accounts the 15%-25% of all breast cancer. Receptors are absent in triple-negative breast cancer, which makes them unresponsive to the current hormonal therapies. The patients with TNBC are left with the option of cytotoxic chemotherapy. The Wnt pathways are connected to cancer, and when activated, they result in mammary hyperplasia and tumors. The tumor suppressor microRNAs can block tumor cell proliferation, invasion, and migration, lead to cancer cell death, and are also known to down-regulate the WNT signaling. Nanoparticles with microRNA have been seen to be more effective when compared with their single release. In this review, we have tried to understand how Wnt signaling plays a crucial role in TNBC, EMT, metastasis, anti-drug resistance, and regulation of Wnt by microRNA. The role of nano-carriers in delivering micro-RNA. The clinical biomarkers, including the present state-of-the-art, involve novel pathways of Wnt.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manosi Banerjee
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, School of Bioscience and Technology, Vellore Institute of Technology, Vellore 632014, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - V Devi Rajeswari
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, School of Bioscience and Technology, Vellore Institute of Technology, Vellore 632014, Tamil Nadu, India.
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Youssef SS, Youness RA, Abbas EAER, Osman NM, ELFiky A, El-Kassas M. miR-516a-3P, a potential circulating biomarker in hepatocellular carcinoma, correlated with rs 738409 polymorphism in PNPLA3. Per Med 2022; 19:483-493. [PMID: 36239555 DOI: 10.2217/pme-2022-0005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/02/2022]
Abstract
Aim: The aim was to investigate the expression profile of miR-516a-3P and its correlation with the PNPLA3 rs738409 polymorphism in Egyptian hepatitis C virus (HCV) and hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) patients. Materials & methods: miR-516a-3P was quantified and rs738409 was genotyped by quantitative reverse transcription PCR. Results: miR-516a-3P was significantly upregulated in HCC patients compared with HCV patients (p = 0.001). Receiver operating characteristic curve analysis confirmed that miR-516a-3P discriminates HCC from HCV (p = 0.001). A significant (p = 0.015) correlation between miR-516a-3p level and PNPLA3 rs738409 genotypes was recorded in HCV patients, yet it was not recorded in either healthy individuals or HCC patients. miR-516a-3p level was significantly (p = 0.001) higher in HCV patients carrying the rs738409 GG genotype than in those carrying the CC genotype. Conclusion: miR-516a-3P is a potential biomarker in HCC. PNPLA3 rs738409 GG carriers affect miR-516a-3P expression in HCV, and this may highlight a new mechanism in liver disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samar Samir Youssef
- Microbial Biotechnology Department, National Research Centre, 33 El Buhouth St., Dokki, Cairo, 12622, Egypt
| | - Rana Ahmed Youness
- School of Life & Medical Sciences, University of Hertfordshire Hosted by Global Academic Foundation, New Administrative Capital, Cairo, 11578, Egypt.,Pharmaceutical Biology Department, Faculty of Pharmacy & Biotechnology, German University in Cairo, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Eman Abd El-Razek Abbas
- Microbial Biotechnology Department, National Research Centre, 33 El Buhouth St., Dokki, Cairo, 12622, Egypt
| | - Noha Mohamed Osman
- Cell Biology Department, National Research Centre, 33 El Buhouth St., Dokki, Cairo, 12622, Egypt
| | - Asmaa ELFiky
- Environmental & Occupational Medicine Department, Environmental Research Division, National Research Centre, 33 El Buhouth St., Dokki, Cairo, 12622, Egypt
| | - Mohamed El-Kassas
- Endemic Medicine Department, Faculty of Medicine, Helwan University, Cairo, 11795, Egypt
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Shen L, Niu M, Lu Y, Cao W, Gao X. Bone Marrow Mesenchymal Stem Cells (BMSC)-Upregulated miR-139 Inhibited the Migration and Invasion of Breast Cancer Cells In Vitro. J BIOMATER TISS ENG 2022. [DOI: 10.1166/jbt.2022.3004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
microRNAs exert a crucial impact on tumor biology. However, the biological effect of miR-139 on breast cancer cells remains unclear yet. Here we intend to clarify the effect and mechanism of miR-139 derived from BMSCs on the biological behavior of gastric cancer cells. Breast cancer
cells were divided into BMSC group (mixed culture of BMSC and breast cancer cells 1:1), miR-139 mimics group, si-PXN group and control group followed by analysis of miR-139 level, cell activity by MTT assay and the targeted binding of miR-139 to PXN by luciferase reporter assay. In relative
to control, miR-139 level was significantly declined in gastric cancer cells, while PXN level was elevated and associated with the prognosis. miR-139 was up-regulated by BMSCs or miR-139 mimics, thereby regulating EMT process through targeted inhibition of PCN, and ultimately inhibiting the
activity of breast cancer cells. In conclusion, BMSC co-culture can inhibit PCN by up-regulating miR-139, thereby regulating EMT process and inhibiting breast cancer progression, implying that miR-139 and PXN could be used as therapeutic targets for metastatic breast cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liandi Shen
- Department of Maternal and Child Health, Jiading Maternal and Child Health Hospital, Shanghai, 201800, China
| | - Mengdi Niu
- Department of Breast and Thyroid, Qingdao Women and Children’s Hospital, Qingdao, Shandong, 266000, China
| | - Yangyong Lu
- Department of Breast and Thyroid, Qingdao Women and Children’s Hospital, Qingdao, Shandong, 266000, China
| | - Weihong Cao
- Department of Breast Disease Clinic, Qingdao University Hospital, Qingdao, Shandong, 266000, China
| | - Xueqiang Gao
- Department of Breast Disease Clinic, Qingdao University Hospital, Qingdao, Shandong, 266000, China
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Ansari MA, Thiruvengadam M, Venkidasamy B, Alomary MN, Salawi A, Chung IM, Shariati MA, Rebezov M. Exosome-based nanomedicine for cancer treatment by targeting inflammatory pathways: Current status and future perspectives. Semin Cancer Biol 2022; 86:678-696. [PMID: 35452820 DOI: 10.1016/j.semcancer.2022.04.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2021] [Revised: 02/23/2022] [Accepted: 04/14/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Cancer is one of the dreadful diseases worldwide. Surgery, radiation and chemotherapy, are the three basic standard modes of cancer treatment. However, difficulties in cancer treatment are increasing due to immune escape, spreading of cancer to other places, and resistance of cancer cells to therapies. Various signaling mechanisms, including PI3K/Akt/mTOR, RAS, WNT/β-catenin, TGF-beta, and notch pathways, are involved in cancer resistance. The adaptive inflammatory response is the initial line of defence against infection. However, chronic inflammation can lead to tumorigenesis, malignant transformation, tumor growth, invasion, and metastasis. The most commonly dysregulated inflammatory pathways linked to cancer include NF-κB, MAPK, JAK-STAT, and PI3K/AKT. To overcome major hurdles in cancer therapy, nanomedicine is receiving much attention due to its role as a vehicle for delivering chemotherapeutic agents that specifically target tumor sites. Several biocompatible nanocarriers including polymer and inorganic nanoparticles, liposomes, micellar nanoparticles, nanotubes, and exosomes have been extensively studied. Exosome has been reported as an important potential sytem that could be effectively used as a bioinspired, bioengineered, and biomimetic drug delivery solution considering its toxicity, immunogenicity, and rapid clearance by the mononuclear phagocyte system. Exosome-mimetic vesicles are receiving much interest for developing nano-sized delivery systems. In this review, exosomes in detail as well as certain other nanocarriers, and their potential therapeutic roles in cancer therapy has been thoroughly discussed. Additionally, we also reviewed on oncogenic and tumor suppressor proteins, inflammation, and their associated signaling pathways and their interference by exosomes based nanomedicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammad Azam Ansari
- Department of Epidemic Disease Research, Institutes for Research and Medical Consultations (IRMC), Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal University, Dammam 31441, Saudi Arabia
| | - Muthu Thiruvengadam
- Department of Crop Science, College of Sanghuh Life Science, Konkuk University, Seoul 05029, Republic of Korea.
| | - Baskar Venkidasamy
- Department of Biotechnology, Sri Shakthi Institute of Engineering and Technology, Coimbatore 641062, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Mohammad N Alomary
- National Centre for Biotechnology, King Abdulaziz City for Science and Technology (KACST), P.O. Box 6086, Riyadh 11442, Saudi Arabia
| | - Ahmad Salawi
- Department of Pharmaceutics, College of Pharmacy, Jazan University, Jazan, Saudi Arabia
| | - Ill-Min Chung
- Department of Crop Science, College of Sanghuh Life Science, Konkuk University, Seoul 05029, Republic of Korea.
| | - Mohammad Ali Shariati
- Research Department, K.G. Razumovsky Moscow State University of Technologies and Management (The First Cossack University), 73, Zemlyanoy Val St., Moscow 109004, Russian Federation
| | - Maksim Rebezov
- Department of Scientific Advisers, V. M. Gorbatov Federal Research Center for Food Systems, 26 Talalikhina St., Moscow 109316, Russian Federation
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Raut D, Vora A, Bhatt LK. The Wnt/β-catenin pathway in breast cancer therapy: a pre-clinical perspective of its targeting for clinical translation. Expert Rev Anticancer Ther 2021; 22:97-114. [PMID: 34927527 DOI: 10.1080/14737140.2022.2016398] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Despite various treatments available, there is still a high mortality rate in breast cancer patients. Thus, there exists an unmet need for new therapeutic interventions. Studies show that the Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway is involved in breast cancer metastasis because of its transcriptional control on epithelial to mesenchymal transition. AREAS COVERED This comprehensive review explores the Wnt signaling pathway as a potential target for treating breast cancer and other breast cancer subtypes. We discuss the Wnt signaling pathway, its role in breast cancer metastasis, and its effect on breast cancer stem cells. Further, endogenous agents that cause Wnt pathway inactivation are outlined. Finally, various natural and chemical compounds modulating the Wnt pathway used in pre-clinical or clinical trials for breast cancer treatment are discussed. EXPERT OPINION In vitro and in vivo studies indicate an immense potential of agents targeting the Wnt signaling pathway to prevent and manage breast cancer. Still, more clinical studies are required to support their use in humans. Apart from the agents already in clinical trials, several drug combinations discussed may be translated into clinical practice in a few years.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dezaree Raut
- Department of Pharmacology, SVKM's Dr. Bhanuben Nanavati College of Pharmacy, Mumbai, India
| | - Amisha Vora
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Shobhaben Pratapbhai Patel School of Pharmacy & Technology Management, Mumbai, India
| | - Lokesh Kumar Bhatt
- Department of Pharmacology, SVKM's Dr. Bhanuben Nanavati College of Pharmacy, Mumbai, India
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Ghafouri-Fard S, Khanbabapour Sasi A, Abak A, Shoorei H, Khoshkar A, Taheri M. Contribution of miRNAs in the Pathogenesis of Breast Cancer. Front Oncol 2021; 11:768949. [PMID: 34804971 PMCID: PMC8602198 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2021.768949] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2021] [Accepted: 10/18/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Breast cancer is the most frequently diagnosed cancer among females. Gene expression profiling methods have shown the deregulation of several genes in breast cancer samples and have confirmed the heterogeneous nature of breast cancer at the genomic level. microRNAs (miRNAs) are among the recently appreciated contributors in breast carcinogenic processes. These small-sized transcripts have been shown to partake in breast carcinogenesis through modulation of apoptosis, autophagy, and epithelial-mesenchymal transition. Moreover, they can confer resistance to chemotherapy. Based on the contribution of miRNAs in almost all fundamental aspects of breast carcinogenesis, therapeutic intervention with their expression might affect the course of this disorder. Moreover, the presence of miRNAs in the peripheral blood of patients potentiates these transcripts as tools for non-invasive diagnosis of breast cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Soudeh Ghafouri-Fard
- Department of Medical Genetics, School of Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Ali Khanbabapour Sasi
- Biochemistry Group, School of Medicine, Golestan University of Medical Science, Gorgan, Iran
| | - Atefe Abak
- Men's Health and Reproductive Health Research Center, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Hamed Shoorei
- Department of Anatomical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Birjand University of Medical Sciences, Birjand, Iran
| | - Ali Khoshkar
- Department of Surgery, Loghman Hakim Hospital, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mohammad Taheri
- Skull Base Research Center, Loghman Hakim Hospital, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
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MiR-337-3p suppresses migration and invasion of breast cancer cells by downregulating ESRP1. Acta Histochem 2021; 123:151777. [PMID: 34481218 DOI: 10.1016/j.acthis.2021.151777] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2021] [Revised: 08/19/2021] [Accepted: 08/19/2021] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Abstract
Breast cancer (BC) is a common malignant tumor in women, and a considerable number of studies show that aberrant expression of miRNA is correlated with BC development. By analyzing TCGA-BRCA database through bioinformatics method, this study disclosed that miR-337-3p was significantly low in BC tissue and might be a cancer inhibitor in BC. To explore the effect and potential mechanism of miR-337-3p in BC, qRT-PCR was used in this study to indicate that the expression of miR-337-3p was downregulated in BC cells. Then, the effects of miR-337-3p on BC cells were detected by western blot, Cell Counting Kit-8 (CCK-8), wound healing and Transwell assays. After upregulating miR-337-3p expression, the cell viability, migration, invasion and epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) of BC cells were markedly inhibited while cell apoptosis remarkably increased. Besides, it was predicted and identified by bioinformatics analysis and dual-luciferase assay that ESRP1 was a target gene of miR-337-3p. Finally, the progression and EMT of BC cells were promoted after upregulating ESRP1 expression level. However, upregulating miR-337-3p as well as ESRP1 reduced the promotion on the malignant phenotype of BC cells. This result revealed that miR-337-3p could inhibit ESRP1 expression to perform its biological functions. In conclusion, it was illustrated in this study that miR-337-3p is a tumor-inhibitor of BC and plays its regulatory role via its downstream gene ESRP1.
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Qian J, Lei X, Sun Y, Zheng L, Li J, Zhang S, Zhang L, Li W, Shi J, Jia W, Tang T. Long non-coding RNA SNHG8 enhances triple-negative breast cancer cell proliferation and migration by regulating the miR-335-5p/PYGO2 axis. Biol Direct 2021; 16:13. [PMID: 34362407 PMCID: PMC8349079 DOI: 10.1186/s13062-021-00295-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2021] [Accepted: 06/28/2021] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Growing evidence has demonstrated that long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) can function as modulators in the development of triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC). However, the function of lncRNA small nucleolar RNA host gene 8 (SNHG8) in TNBC remains unclear. Therefore, our study aimed at investigating the role of SNHG8 in the proliferation and migration of TNBC cells. Methods SNHG8 expression was evaluated using RT-qPCR assay. Cell proliferation and migration were assessed by EdU, colony formation and Transwell assays. The levels of proteins related to EMT process were examined by western blot assay. The interaction among SNHG8, miR-335-5p and pygopus family PHD finger 2 (PYGO2) was detected by RIP assay, RNA pull down assay and luciferase reporter assay. Results SNHG8 expression was significantly up-regulated in TNBC cells. SNHG8 silencing obviously inhibited TNBC cell proliferation, migration and EMT process. Moreover, SNHG8 acted as a sponge to sequester miR-335-5p in TNBC cells. Besides, PYGO2 was proven as a target gene of miR-335-5p, and SNHG8 promoted TNBC cell proliferation, migration and EMT process through regulating miR-335-5p and PYGO2. Conclusions Totally, our study indicated that SNHG8 promoted TNBC cell proliferation and migration by regulating the miR-335-5p/PYGO2 axis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jintao Qian
- Department of General Surgery, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, 230601, Anhui, China
| | - Xinhan Lei
- Department of General Surgery, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, 230601, Anhui, China
| | - Yue Sun
- Department of General Surgery, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, 230601, Anhui, China
| | - Lu Zheng
- Department of General Surgery, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, 230601, Anhui, China
| | - Jia Li
- Department of General Surgery, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, 230601, Anhui, China
| | - Shuai Zhang
- Department of General Surgery, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, 230601, Anhui, China
| | - Lei Zhang
- Department of General Surgery, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, 230601, Anhui, China
| | - Wanwan Li
- Department of General Surgery, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, 230601, Anhui, China
| | - Jianing Shi
- Department of General Surgery, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, 230601, Anhui, China
| | - Wenjun Jia
- Department of General Surgery, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, 230601, Anhui, China.
| | - Tong Tang
- Department of General Surgery, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, 230601, Anhui, China.
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MicroRNAs in Epithelial-Mesenchymal Transition Process of Cancer: Potential Targets for Chemotherapy. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22147526. [PMID: 34299149 PMCID: PMC8305963 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22147526] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2021] [Revised: 07/07/2021] [Accepted: 07/10/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
In the last decades, a kind of small non-coding RNA molecules, called as microRNAs, has been applied as negative regulators in various types of cancer treatment through down-regulation of their targets. More recent studies exert that microRNAs play a critical role in the EMT process of cancer, promoting or inhibiting EMT progression. Interestingly, accumulating evidence suggests that pure compounds from natural plants could modulate deregulated microRNAs to inhibit EMT, resulting in the inhibition of cancer development. This small essay is on the purpose of demonstrating the significance and function of microRNAs in the EMT process as oncogenes and tumor suppressor genes according to studies mainly conducted in the last four years, providing evidence of efficient target therapy. The review also summarizes the drug candidates with the ability to restrain EMT in cancer through microRNA regulation.
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12
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Huang Y, Zhou Z, Zhang J, Hao Z, He Y, Wu Z, Song Y, Yuan K, Zheng S, Zhao Q, Li T, Wang B. lncRNA MALAT1 participates in metformin inhibiting the proliferation of breast cancer cell. J Cell Mol Med 2021; 25:7135-7145. [PMID: 34164906 PMCID: PMC8335702 DOI: 10.1111/jcmm.16742] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2021] [Revised: 05/28/2021] [Accepted: 06/03/2021] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
In recent years, the repurposing of conventional and chemotherapeutic drugs is recognized as an alternative strategy for health care. The main purpose of this study is to strengthen the application of non‐oncological drug metformin on breast cancer treatment in the perspective of epigenetics. In the present study, metformin was found to inhibit cell proliferation, promote apoptosis and induce cell cycle arrest in breast cancer cells at a dose‐dependent manner. In addition, metformin treatment elevated acH3K9 abundance and decreased acH3K18 level. The expression of lncRNA MALAT1, HOTAIR, DICER1‐AS1, LINC01121 and TUG1 was up‐regulated by metformin treatment. In metformin‐treated cells, MALAT1 knock‐down increased the Bax/Bcl2 ratio and enhanced p21 but decreased cyclin B1 expression. The expression of Beclin1, VDAC1, LC3‐II, CHOP and Bip was promoted in the cells received combinatorial treatment of metformin and MALAT1 knock‐down. The reduced phosphorylation of c‐Myc was further decreased in the metformin‐treated cells in combination with MALAT1 knock‐down than metformin treatment alone. Taken together, these results provide a promising repurposed strategy for metformin on cancer treatment by modulating epigenetic modifiers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yongye Huang
- College of Life and Health Sciences, Northeastern University, Shenyang, China
| | - Ziyan Zhou
- College of Life and Health Sciences, Northeastern University, Shenyang, China
| | - Jin Zhang
- College of Life and Health Sciences, Northeastern University, Shenyang, China
| | - Zhenzhen Hao
- College of Life and Health Sciences, Northeastern University, Shenyang, China
| | - Yunhao He
- College of Life and Health Sciences, Northeastern University, Shenyang, China
| | - Zihan Wu
- College of Life and Health Sciences, Northeastern University, Shenyang, China
| | - Yiquan Song
- College of Life and Health Sciences, Northeastern University, Shenyang, China
| | - Kexun Yuan
- College of Life and Health Sciences, Northeastern University, Shenyang, China
| | - Shanyu Zheng
- College of Life and Health Sciences, Northeastern University, Shenyang, China
| | - Qi Zhao
- School of Computer Science and Software Engineering, University of Science and Technology Liaoning, Anshan, China
| | - Tianye Li
- College of Life and Health Sciences, Northeastern University, Shenyang, China
| | - Bing Wang
- College of Life and Health Sciences, Northeastern University, Shenyang, China
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13
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Exosomal microRNA-503-3p derived from macrophages represses glycolysis and promotes mitochondrial oxidative phosphorylation in breast cancer cells by elevating DACT2. Cell Death Discov 2021; 7:119. [PMID: 34016964 PMCID: PMC8137952 DOI: 10.1038/s41420-021-00492-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2021] [Revised: 03/30/2021] [Accepted: 04/23/2021] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are emerging drivers in tumor progression, while the role of miR-503-3p in breast cancer (BC) remains largely unknown. We aimed to explore the impact of macrophage-derived exosomal miR-503-3p in the development of BC by regulating disheveled-associated binding antagonist of beta-catenin 2 (DACT2). miR-503-3p and DACT2 expression in BC tissues and cells was assessed, and the expression of Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway-related proteins in BC cells was also evaluated. Macrophages were induced and exosomes were extracted. The screened BC cell lines were, respectively, treated with exosomes, miR-503-3p inhibitor/mimic or upregulated/inhibited DACT2, and then the phenotypes, glucose intake, oxygen consumption rate, and adenosine-triphosphate (ATP) level of BC cells were determined. Cell growth in vivo was also observed. MiR-503-3p was elevated, DACT2 was reduced, and Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway was activated in BC cells. Macrophage-derived exosomes, upregulated miR-503-3p or inhibited DACT2 promoted malignant behaviors of BC cells, glucose intake, and activity of the Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway, while repressed oxygen consumption rate and ATP level in BC cells. Reversely, reduced miR-503-3p or upregulated DACT2 exerted opposite effects. This study revealed that reduction of macrophage-derived exosomal miR-503-3p repressed glycolysis and promoted mitochondrial oxidative phosphorylation in BC by elevating DACT2 and inactivating Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway. Our research may provide novel targets for BC treatment.
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14
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Hussen BM, Shoorei H, Mohaqiq M, Dinger ME, Hidayat HJ, Taheri M, Ghafouri-Fard S. The Impact of Non-coding RNAs in the Epithelial to Mesenchymal Transition. Front Mol Biosci 2021; 8:665199. [PMID: 33842553 PMCID: PMC8033041 DOI: 10.3389/fmolb.2021.665199] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2021] [Accepted: 03/01/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Epithelial to mesenchymal transition (EMT) is a course of action that enables a polarized epithelial cell to undertake numerous biochemical alterations that allow it to adopt features of mesenchymal cells such as high migratory ability, invasive properties, resistance to apoptosis, and importantly higher-order formation of extracellular matrix elements. EMT has important roles in implantation and gastrulation of the embryo, inflammatory reactions and fibrosis, and transformation of cancer cells, their invasiveness and metastatic ability. Regarding the importance of EMT in the invasive progression of cancer, this process has been well studies in in this context. Non-coding RNAs (ncRNAs) have been shown to exert critical function in the regulation of cellular processes that are involved in the EMT. These processes include regulation of some transcription factors namely SNAI1 and SNAI2, ZEB1 and ZEB2, Twist, and E12/E47, modulation of chromatin configuration, alternative splicing, and protein stability and subcellular location of proteins. In the present paper, we describe the influence of ncRNAs including microRNAs and long non-coding RNAs in the EMT process and their application as biomarkers for this process and cancer progression and their potential as therapeutic targets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bashdar Mahmud Hussen
- Pharmacognosy Department, College of Pharmacy, Hawler Medical University, Erbil, Iraq
| | - Hamed Shoorei
- Department of Anatomical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Birjand University of Medical Sciences, Birjand, Iran
| | - Mahdi Mohaqiq
- Wake Forest Institute for Regenerative Medicine, School of Medicine, Wake Forest University, Winston-Salem, NC, United States
| | - Marcel E. Dinger
- School of Biotechnology and Biomolecular Sciences, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Hazha Jamal Hidayat
- Department of Biology, College of Education, Salahaddin University-Erbil, Erbil, Iraq
| | - Mohammad Taheri
- Urology and Nephrology Research Center, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Soudeh Ghafouri-Fard
- Department of Medical Genetics, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
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15
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Chen PP, Zhang ZS, Wu JC, Zheng JF, Lin F. LncRNA SNHG12 promotes proliferation and epithelial mesenchymal transition in hepatocellular carcinoma through targeting HEG1 via miR-516a-5p. Cell Signal 2021; 84:109992. [PMID: 33774129 DOI: 10.1016/j.cellsig.2021.109992] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2021] [Revised: 02/20/2021] [Accepted: 03/22/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is the most common cancer and its prognosis is poor due to metastasis and recurrence. EMT is associated with metastasis. A deep understanding of regulatory mechanism of EMT is critical. LncRNA is involved in regulation of various biological processes including EMT. This study aimed to investigate the regulatory signal axis among lncRNA SNHG12, miR-516a-5p and the target gene HEG1 during EMT. Cell cycle and apoptosis were analyzed by flow cytometry. Tumorigenesis was analyzed by clone formation assay. Wound healing assay and transwell assay was performed to detect migration and invasion, respectively. Interaction among SNHG12, miR-516a-5p and HEG1 were analyzed by dual luciferase assay and RIP assay. We also detected expression of RNA and protein by QPCR and western blotting. Finally, tumor growth was analyzed by tumorigenesis assay in vivo. Ki-67 and HEG1 level in tumor tissues was analyzed by IHC. SNHG12 and HEG1 were upregulated, miR-516a-5p was downregulated in HCC cell lines. SNHG12 could interact with and inhibit miR-516a-5p. MiR-516a-5p could interact with HEG1 and inhibit HEG1 expression. Knock down SNHG12 inhibited proliferation, migration, invasion, EMT and promoted apoptosis of HCC cells. Such effects were antagonized by inhibiting miR-516a-5p. SNHG12 overexpression lead to opposite results. Similar results were observed in mice. SNHG12 could promote EMT in HCC through targeting and inhibiting miR-516a-5p, which eventually upregulated HEG1 expression, in both cell and mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ping-Ping Chen
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Jinan University, Guangzhou 510630, Guangdong Province, PR China; Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, Hainan Provincial People's Hospital, Haikou 570311, Hainan Province, PR China
| | - Zhen-Sheng Zhang
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, Hainan Provincial People's Hospital, Haikou 570311, Hainan Province, PR China
| | - Jin-Cai Wu
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, Hainan Provincial People's Hospital, Haikou 570311, Hainan Province, PR China
| | - Jin-Fang Zheng
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, Hainan Provincial People's Hospital, Haikou 570311, Hainan Province, PR China
| | - Fan Lin
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Jinan University, Guangzhou 510630, Guangdong Province, PR China; Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, The First Clinical Medical College of Jinan University, Guangzhou 510630, Guangdong Province, PR China.
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16
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Zhang D, Liu Y, Wu Q, Zheng Y, Kaweme NM, Zhang Z, Cai M, Dong Y. Pygo2 as a novel biomarker in gastric cancer for monitoring drug resistance by upregulating MDR1. J Cancer 2021; 12:2952-2959. [PMID: 33854595 PMCID: PMC8040896 DOI: 10.7150/jca.53356] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2020] [Accepted: 02/28/2021] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Chemotherapy is the main therapy for gastric cancer (GC) both before and after surgery, but the emergence of multidrug resistance (MDR) often leads to disease progression and recurrence. P-glycoprotein, encoded by MDR1, is a well-known multidrug efflux transporter involved in drug resistance development. Pygo2 overexpression has been identified in several cancers. Previous studies have shown that abnormal expression of Pygo2 is related to tumorigenesis, chemoresistance, and tumor progression. In this study, to evaluate the underlying relationship between Pygo2 and MDR1 in GC, we constructed GC drug-resistant cell lines, SGC7901/cis-platinum (DDP), and collected tissue from GC patients' pre-and post-chemotherapy. We found that Pygo2 was overexpressed in GC, especially in GC drug-resistant cell lines and GC patients who underwent neoadjuvant DDP-based chemotherapy. Pygo2 overexpression may precede MDR1 and correlates with MDR1 in GC patients. Furthermore, knock-down of Pygo2 induced downregulation of MDR1 and restored SGC7901/DDP's sensitivity to DDP. Further mechanistic analysis demonstrated that Pygo2 could modulate MDR1 transcription by binding to the MDR1 promoter region and promoting MDR1 activation. The overall findings reveal that Pygo2 may be a promising biomarker for monitoring drug resistance in GC by regulating MDR1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dongdong Zhang
- Department of Oncology, Xiangyang No. 1 People's Hospital, Hubei University of Medicine, Xiangyang, Hubei 441000, China
| | - Yu Liu
- Department of Medical Oncology, Xiamen Key Laboratory of Antitumor Drug Transformation Research, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xiamen University, School of clinical Medicine, Fujian Medical University, Xiamen 361003, Fujian Province, P.R. China
| | - Qiuwan Wu
- Department of Medical Oncology, Xiamen Key Laboratory of Antitumor Drug Transformation Research, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xiamen University, School of clinical Medicine, Fujian Medical University, Xiamen 361003, Fujian Province, P.R. China
| | - Yahong Zheng
- Xiamen Huli District Maternal and Child Health Hospital, 361005 Xiamen, Fujian, China
| | | | - Zhiming Zhang
- Department of Medical Oncology, Xiamen Key Laboratory of Antitumor Drug Transformation Research, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xiamen University, School of clinical Medicine, Fujian Medical University, Xiamen 361003, Fujian Province, P.R. China
| | - Mingquan Cai
- Department of Medical Oncology, Xiamen Key Laboratory of Antitumor Drug Transformation Research, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xiamen University, School of clinical Medicine, Fujian Medical University, Xiamen 361003, Fujian Province, P.R. China
| | - Youhong Dong
- Department of Oncology, Xiangyang No. 1 People's Hospital, Hubei University of Medicine, Xiangyang, Hubei 441000, China
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17
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Koleckova M, Ehrmann J, Bouchal J, Janikova M, Brisudova A, Srovnal J, Staffova K, Svoboda M, Slaby O, Radova L, Vomackova K, Melichar B, Veverkova L, Kolar Z. Epithelial to mesenchymal transition and microRNA expression are associated with spindle and apocrine cell morphology in triple-negative breast cancer. Sci Rep 2021; 11:5145. [PMID: 33664322 PMCID: PMC7933252 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-84350-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2020] [Accepted: 02/08/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Triple negative breast cancers (TNBC) are a morphologically and genetically heterogeneous group of breast cancers with uncertain prediction of biological behavior and response to therapy. Epithelial to mesenchymal transition (EMT) is a dynamic process characterized by loss of typical epithelial phenotype and acquisition of mesenchymal characteristics. Aberrant activation of EMT can aggravate the prognosis of patients with cancer, however, the mechanisms of EMT and role of microRNAs (miRNAs) in EMT activation is still unclear. The aim of our study was to analyze miRNA expression within areas of TNBCs with cellular morphology that may be related to the EMT process and discuss possible associations. Out of all 3953 re-examined breast cancers, 460 breast cancers were diagnosed as TNBC (11.64%). With regard to complete tumor morphology preservation, the tissue samples obtained from core—cut biopsies and influenced by previous neoadjuvant therapy were excluded. We assembled a set of selected 25 cases to determine miRNA expression levels in relation to present focal spindle cell and apocrine cell morphology within individual TNBCs. We used descriptive (histological typing and morphology), morphometric, molecular (microdissection of tumor and non-tumor morphologies, RNA isolation and purification, microchip analysis) and bioinformatic analysis (including pathway analysis). The results were verified by quantitative real-time PCR (RT-qPCR) on an extended set of 70 TNBCs. The majority of TNBCs were represented by high—grade invasive carcinomas of no special type (NST) with medullary features characterized by well-circumscribed tumors with central necrosis or fibrosis and frequent tendency to spindle-cell and/or apocrine cell transformation. Apocrine and spindle cell transformation showed a specific miRNA expression profile in comparison to other tumor parts, in situ carcinoma or non-tumor structures, particularly down-regulated expression of hsa-miRNA-143-3p and hsa-miRNA-205-5p and up-regulated expression of hsa-miR-22-3p, hsa-miRNA-185-5p, and hsa-miR-4443. Apocrine cell tumor morphology further revealed decreased expression of hsa-miR-145-5p and increased expression of additional 14 miRNAs (e.g. hsa-miR-182-5p, hsa-miR-3135b and hsa-miR-4417). Pathway analysis for target genes of these miRNAs revealed several shared biological processes (i.e. Wnt signaling, ErbB signaling, MAPK signaling, endocytosis and axon guidance), which may in part contribute to the EMT and tumor progression. We provide the first miRNA expression profiling of specific tissue morphologies in TNBC. Our results demonstrate a specific miRNA expression profile of apocrine and spindle cell morphology which can exhibit a certain similarity with the EMT process and may also be relevant for prognosis and therapy resistance of TNBC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marketa Koleckova
- Department of Clinical and Molecular Pathology, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, Palacky University and University Hospital, 775 15, Olomouc, Czech Republic
| | - Jiri Ehrmann
- Department of Clinical and Molecular Pathology, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, Palacky University and University Hospital, 775 15, Olomouc, Czech Republic
| | - Jan Bouchal
- Department of Clinical and Molecular Pathology, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, Palacky University and University Hospital, 775 15, Olomouc, Czech Republic. .,Institute of Molecular and Translational Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, Palacky University and University Hospital, 775 15, Olomouc, Czech Republic.
| | - Maria Janikova
- Department of Clinical and Molecular Pathology, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, Palacky University and University Hospital, 775 15, Olomouc, Czech Republic
| | - Aneta Brisudova
- Department of Clinical and Molecular Pathology, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, Palacky University and University Hospital, 775 15, Olomouc, Czech Republic
| | - Josef Srovnal
- Institute of Molecular and Translational Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, Palacky University and University Hospital, 775 15, Olomouc, Czech Republic
| | - Katerina Staffova
- Institute of Molecular and Translational Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, Palacky University and University Hospital, 775 15, Olomouc, Czech Republic
| | - Marek Svoboda
- Central European Institute of Technology, Masaryk University, 625 00, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Ondrej Slaby
- Central European Institute of Technology, Masaryk University, 625 00, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Lenka Radova
- Central European Institute of Technology, Masaryk University, 625 00, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Katherine Vomackova
- Department of Surgery I, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, Palacky University and University Hospital, 775 15, Olomouc, Czech Republic
| | - Bohuslav Melichar
- Department of Oncology, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, Palacky University and University Hospital, 775 15, Olomouc, Czech Republic
| | - Lucia Veverkova
- Department of Radiology, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, Palacky University and University Hospital, 775 15, Olomouc, Czech Republic
| | - Zdenek Kolar
- Department of Clinical and Molecular Pathology, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, Palacky University and University Hospital, 775 15, Olomouc, Czech Republic. .,Institute of Molecular and Translational Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, Palacky University and University Hospital, 775 15, Olomouc, Czech Republic.
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18
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Ashrafizadeh M, Hushmandi K, Hashemi M, Akbari ME, Kubatka P, Raei M, Koklesova L, Shahinozzaman M, Mohammadinejad R, Najafi M, Sethi G, Kumar AP, Zarrabi A. Role of microRNA/Epithelial-to-Mesenchymal Transition Axis in the Metastasis of Bladder Cancer. Biomolecules 2020; 10:E1159. [PMID: 32784711 PMCID: PMC7464913 DOI: 10.3390/biom10081159] [Citation(s) in RCA: 82] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2020] [Revised: 08/03/2020] [Accepted: 08/05/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Bladder cancer (BC) is the 11th most common diagnosed cancer, and a number of factors including environmental and genetic ones participate in BC development. Metastasis of BC cells into neighboring and distant tissues significantly reduces overall survival of patients with this life-threatening disorder. Recently, studies have focused on revealing molecular pathways involved in metastasis of BC cells, and in this review, we focus on microRNAs (miRNAs) and their regulatory effect on epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition (EMT) mechanisms that can regulate metastasis. EMT is a vital process for migration of BC cells, and inhibition of this mechanism restricts invasion of BC cells. MiRNAs are endogenous non-coding RNAs with 19-24 nucleotides capable of regulating different cellular events, and EMT is one of them. In BC cells, miRNAs are able to both induce and/or inhibit EMT. For regulation of EMT, miRNAs affect different molecular pathways such as transforming growth factor-beta (TGF-β), Snail, Slug, ZEB1/2, CD44, NSBP1, which are, discussed in detail this review. Besides, miRNA/EMT axis can also be regulated by upstream mediators such as lncRNAs, circRNAs and targeted by diverse anti-tumor agents. These topics are also discussed here to reveal diverse molecular pathways involved in migration of BC cells and strategies to target them to develop effective therapeutics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Milad Ashrafizadeh
- Department of Basic Science, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Tabriz, Tabriz 5166616471, Iran;
| | - Kiavash Hushmandi
- Department of Food Hygiene and Quality Control, Division of Epidemiology & Zoonoses, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Tehran, Tehran 1419963114, Iran;
| | - Mehrdad Hashemi
- Department of Genetics, Faculty of advanced Science and Technology, Tehran Medical Sciences, Islamic Azad University, Tehran 1916893813, Iran;
| | - Mohammad Esmaeil Akbari
- Cancer Research Center, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran 1989934148, Iran;
| | - Peter Kubatka
- Department of Medical Biology and Division of Oncology—Biomedical Center Martin, Jessenius Faculty of Medicine, Comenius University in Bratislava, 03601 Martin, Slovakia;
| | - Mehdi Raei
- Health Research Center, Life Style Institute, Baqiyatallah University of Medical Sciences, Tehran 1435916471, Iran;
| | - Lenka Koklesova
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Martin University Hospital and Jessenius Faculty of Medicine in Martin, Comenius University in Bratislava, 03601 Martin, Slovakia;
| | - Md Shahinozzaman
- Department of Nutrition and Food Science, University of Maryland, College Park, MD 20742, USA;
| | - Reza Mohammadinejad
- Pharmaceutics Research Center, Institute of Neuropharmacology, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman 55877577, Iran;
| | - Masoud Najafi
- Radiology and Nuclear Medicine Department, School of Paramedical Sciences, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah 6715847141, Iran;
| | - Gautam Sethi
- Department of Pharmacology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117600, Singapore;
| | - Alan Prem Kumar
- Department of Pharmacology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117600, Singapore;
- Cancer Science Institute of Singapore, Centre for Translational Medicine, 14 Medical Drive, #11-01M, Singapore 117599, Singapore
| | - Ali Zarrabi
- Sabanci University Nanotechnology Research and Application Center (SUNUM), Tuzla, Istanbul 34956, Turkey
- Center of Excellence for Functional Surfaces and Interfaces (EFSUN), Faculty of Engineering and Natural Sciences, Sabanci University, Tuzla, Istanbul 34956, Turkey
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19
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Ashrafizadeh M, Najafi M, Ang HL, Moghadam ER, Mahabady MK, Zabolian A, Jafaripour L, Bejandi AK, Hushmandi K, Saleki H, Zarrabi A, Kumar AP. PTEN, a Barrier for Proliferation and Metastasis of Gastric Cancer Cells: From Molecular Pathways to Targeting and Regulation. Biomedicines 2020; 8:E264. [PMID: 32756305 PMCID: PMC7460532 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines8080264] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2020] [Revised: 07/23/2020] [Accepted: 07/23/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Cancer is one of the life-threatening disorders that, in spite of excellent advances in medicine and technology, there is no effective cure for. Surgery, chemotherapy, and radiotherapy are extensively applied in cancer therapy, but their efficacy in eradication of cancer cells, suppressing metastasis, and improving overall survival of patients is low. This is due to uncontrolled proliferation of cancer cells and their high migratory ability. Finding molecular pathways involved in malignant behavior of cancer cells can pave the road to effective cancer therapy. In the present review, we focus on phosphatase and tensin homolog (PTEN) signaling as a tumor-suppressor molecular pathway in gastric cancer (GC). PTEN inhibits the PI3K/Akt pathway from interfering with the migration and growth of GC cells. Its activation leads to better survival of patients with GC. Different upstream mediators of PTEN in GC have been identified that can regulate PTEN in suppressing growth and invasion of GC cells, such as microRNAs, long non-coding RNAs, and circular RNAs. It seems that antitumor agents enhance the expression of PTEN in overcoming GC. This review focuses on aforementioned topics to provide a new insight into involvement of PTEN and its downstream and upstream mediators in GC. This will direct further studies for evaluation of novel signaling networks and their targeting for suppressing GC progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Milad Ashrafizadeh
- Department of Basic Science, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Tabriz, Tabriz 5166616471, Iran;
| | - Masoud Najafi
- Radiology and Nuclear Medicine Department, School of Paramedical Sciences, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah 6715847141, Iran;
| | - Hui Li Ang
- Cancer Science Institute of Singapore and Department of Pharmacology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore 119077, Singapore;
| | - Ebrahim Rahmani Moghadam
- Department of Anatomical Sciences, School of Medicine, Student Research Committee, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz 7134814336, Iran;
- Kazerun Health Technology Incubator, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz 6461665145, Iran
| | - Mahmood Khaksary Mahabady
- Anatomical Sciences Research Center, Institute for Basic Sciences, Kashan University of Medical Sciences, Kashan 8715988141, Iran;
| | - Amirhossein Zabolian
- Young Researchers and Elite Club, Tehran Medical Sciences, Islamic Azad University, Tehran 1916893813, Iran; (A.Z.); (A.K.B.); (H.S.)
| | - Leila Jafaripour
- Department of Anatomy, School of Medicine, Dezful University of Medical Sciences, Dezful 3419759811, Iran;
| | - Atefe Kazemzade Bejandi
- Young Researchers and Elite Club, Tehran Medical Sciences, Islamic Azad University, Tehran 1916893813, Iran; (A.Z.); (A.K.B.); (H.S.)
| | - Kiavash Hushmandi
- Department of Food Hygiene and Quality Control, Division of Epidemiology & Zoonoses, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Tehran, Tehran 1417414418, Iran;
| | - Hossein Saleki
- Young Researchers and Elite Club, Tehran Medical Sciences, Islamic Azad University, Tehran 1916893813, Iran; (A.Z.); (A.K.B.); (H.S.)
| | - Ali Zarrabi
- Sabanci University Nanotechnology Research and Application Center (SUNUM), Tuzla 34956, Istanbul, Turkey
- Center of Excellence for Functional Surfaces and Interfaces (EFSUN), Faculty of Engineering and Natural Sciences, Sabanci University, Tuzla 34956, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Alan Prem Kumar
- Cancer Science Institute of Singapore and Department of Pharmacology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore 119077, Singapore;
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20
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Lei Y, Chen L, Zhang G, Shan A, Ye C, Liang B, Sun J, Liao X, Zhu C, Chen Y, Wang J, Zhang E, Deng L. MicroRNAs target the Wnt/β‑catenin signaling pathway to regulate epithelial‑mesenchymal transition in cancer (Review). Oncol Rep 2020; 44:1299-1313. [PMID: 32700744 PMCID: PMC7448411 DOI: 10.3892/or.2020.7703] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2020] [Accepted: 06/24/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Epithelial‑mesenchymal transition (EMT), during which cancer cells lose the epithelial phenotype and gain the mesenchymal phenotype, has been verified to result in tumor migration and invasion. Numerous studies have shown that dysregulation of the Wnt/β‑catenin signaling pathway gives rise to EMT, which is characterized by nuclear translocation of β‑catenin and E‑cadherin suppression. Wnt/β‑catenin signaling was confirmed to be affected by microRNAs (miRNAs), several of which are down‑ or upregulated in metastatic cancer cells, indicating their complex roles in Wnt/β‑catenin signaling. In this review, we demonstrated the targets of various miRNAs in altering Wnt/β‑catenin signaling to promote or inhibit EMT, which may elucidate the underlying mechanism of EMT regulation by miRNAs and provide evidence for potential therapeutic targets in the treatment of invasive tumors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuhe Lei
- Department of Pharmacy, Shenzhen Hospital of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Shenzhen, Guangdong 518000, P.R. China
| | - Lei Chen
- Department of Pharmacy, Shenzhen Hospital of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Shenzhen, Guangdong 518000, P.R. China
| | - Ge Zhang
- Department of Big Data Research of Chinese Medicine, Guangdong Provincial Hospital of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510120, P.R. China
| | - Aiyun Shan
- Department of Pharmacy, Shenzhen Hospital of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Shenzhen, Guangdong 518000, P.R. China
| | - Chunfeng Ye
- Department of Pediatrics, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi 330006, P.R. China
| | - Bin Liang
- Formula Pattern Research Center, School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510632, P.R. China
| | - Jiayu Sun
- Department of Pharmacy, Shenzhen Hospital of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Shenzhen, Guangdong 518000, P.R. China
| | - Xin Liao
- Department of Pharmacy, Shenzhen Hospital of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Shenzhen, Guangdong 518000, P.R. China
| | - Changfeng Zhu
- Department of Pharmacy, Shenzhen Hospital of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Shenzhen, Guangdong 518000, P.R. China
| | - Yueyue Chen
- Formula Pattern Research Center, School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510632, P.R. China
| | - Jing Wang
- Formula Pattern Research Center, School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510632, P.R. China
| | - Enxin Zhang
- Department of Oncology, Shenzhen Hospital of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Shenzhen, Guangdong 518000, P.R. China
| | - Lijuan Deng
- Formula Pattern Research Center, School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510632, P.R. China
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21
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MicroRNAs and Their Influence on the ZEB Family: Mechanistic Aspects and Therapeutic Applications in Cancer Therapy. Biomolecules 2020; 10:biom10071040. [PMID: 32664703 PMCID: PMC7407563 DOI: 10.3390/biom10071040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2020] [Revised: 07/06/2020] [Accepted: 07/10/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Molecular signaling pathways involved in cancer have been intensively studied due to their crucial role in cancer cell growth and dissemination. Among them, zinc finger E-box binding homeobox-1 (ZEB1) and -2 (ZEB2) are molecules that play vital roles in signaling pathways to ensure the survival of tumor cells, particularly through enhancing cell proliferation, promoting cell migration and invasion, and triggering drug resistance. Importantly, ZEB proteins are regulated by microRNAs (miRs). In this review, we demonstrate the impact that miRs have on cancer therapy, through their targeting of ZEB proteins. MiRs are able to act as onco-suppressor factors and inhibit the malignancy of tumor cells through ZEB1/2 down-regulation. This can lead to an inhibition of epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) mechanism, therefore reducing metastasis. Additionally, miRs are able to inhibit ZEB1/2-mediated drug resistance and immunosuppression. Additionally, we explore the upstream modulators of miRs such as long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) and circular RNAs (circRNAs), as these regulators can influence the inhibitory effect of miRs on ZEB proteins and cancer progression.
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22
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Rafiei H, Ashrafizadeh M, Ahmadi Z. MicroRNAs as novel targets of sulforaphane in cancer therapy: The beginning of a new tale? Phytother Res 2020; 34:721-728. [PMID: 31972874 DOI: 10.1002/ptr.6572] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2019] [Revised: 09/30/2019] [Accepted: 11/12/2019] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Effective management and treatment of cancer depend on developing novel antitumor drugs with the capability of targeting various molecular pathways. Identification and subsequent targeting of these pathways are of importance in cancer therapy. MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are small noncoding RNA molecules responsible for post-transcriptional regulation of genes. Notably, miRNAs participate in a number of biological processes such as proliferation, apoptosis, differentiation, and cell cycle regulation. So, any impairment in the expression and function of miRNAs is associated with development of disorders, particularly cancer. Naturally occurring nutraceutical compounds have attracted much attention due to their great antitumor activity. Among them, sulforaphane isolated from Brassica oleracea (broccoli) is of interest due to its therapeutic and biological activities such as antidiabetic, antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, hepatoprotection, and cardiprotection. Sulforaphane has demonstrated great antitumor activity and is able to significantly inhibit proliferation, viability, migration, malignancy, and epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition of cancer cells. These antitumor effects have widely been investigated, and it appears that there is a need for a precise review to demonstrate the molecular pathway that sulforaphane follows to exert its antitumor activity. At the present review, we focus on the modulatory impact of sulforaphane on miRNAs and exhibit that how various miRNAs in different cancers are regulated by sulforaphane.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hossein Rafiei
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Sciences, Islamic Azad University, Shiraz Branch, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Milad Ashrafizadeh
- Department of Basic Science, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Tabriz, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Zahra Ahmadi
- Department of basic science, Islamic Azad university, Shoushtar Branch, Shoushtar, Iran
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23
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Chi Y, Wang F, Zhang T, Xu H, Zhang Y, Shan Z, Wu S, Fan Q, Sun Y. miR-516a-3p inhibits breast cancer cell growth and EMT by blocking the Pygo2/Wnt signalling pathway. J Cell Mol Med 2019; 23:6295-6307. [PMID: 31273950 PMCID: PMC6714144 DOI: 10.1111/jcmm.14515] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2018] [Revised: 05/13/2019] [Accepted: 06/11/2019] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
miR‐516a‐3p has been reported to play a suppressive role in several types of human tumours. However, the expression level, biological function and fundamental mechanisms of miR‐516a‐3p in breast cancer remain unclear. In the present study, we found that miR‐516a‐3p expression was down‐regulated and Pygopus2 (Pygo2) expression was up‐regulated in human breast cancer tissues and cells. Through analysing the clinicopathological characteristics, we demonstrated that low miR‐516a‐3p expression or positive Pygo2 expression was a predictor of poor prognosis for patients with breast cancer. The results of a dual luciferase reporter assay and Western blot analysis indicated that Pygo2 was a target gene of miR‐516a‐3p. Moreover, overexpression of miR‐516a‐3p inhibited cell growth, migration and invasion as well as epithelial‐mesenchymal transition (EMT) of breast cancer cells, whereas reduced miR‐516a‐3p expression promoted breast cancer cell growth, migration, invasion and EMT. Furthermore, we showed that miR‐516a‐3p suppressed cell proliferation, metastasis and EMT of breast cancer cells by inhibiting Pygo2 expression. We confirmed that miR‐516a‐3p exerted an anti‐tumour effect by inhibiting the activation of the Wnt/β‐catenin pathway. Finally, xenograft tumour models were used to show that miR‐516a‐3p inhibited breast cancer cell growth and EMT via suppressing the Pygo2/Wnt signalling pathway. Taken together, these results show that miR‐516a‐3p inhibits breast cancer cell growth, metastasis and EMT by blocking the Pygo2/ Wnt/β‐catenin pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanyan Chi
- Department of Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Feng Wang
- Department of Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Tengfei Zhang
- Department of Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Han Xu
- Department of Breast Disease Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Yana Zhang
- Department of Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Zhengzheng Shan
- Department of Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Shaoxuan Wu
- Department of Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Qingxia Fan
- Department of Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Yan Sun
- Department of Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
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