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Dommisch H, Hoedke D, Lu EMC, Schäfer A, Richter G, Kang J, Nibali L. Genetic Biomarkers for Periodontal Diseases: A Systematic Review. J Clin Periodontol 2025. [PMID: 40197750 DOI: 10.1111/jcpe.14149] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2024] [Revised: 02/11/2025] [Accepted: 02/24/2025] [Indexed: 04/10/2025]
Abstract
AIMS To identify genetic biomarkers that may be used in the diagnosis, prevention or management of different forms of periodontal disease. MATERIALS AND METHODS Following protocol registration and PICOTS (patient, intervention, comparison, outcome, time, studies) questions, a systematic search of the literature was conducted (PudMed, Ovid), resulting in 1592 papers screened by two reviewers. Diagnostic data were extracted or calculated from included papers and compared with clinically determined diagnoses, disease progression and/or response to treatment. RESULTS A total of 607 articles met the inclusion criteria, including 10 reporting data on gingivitis and 597 on periodontitis. Only two papers reported diagnostic performance data, while for 41 articles on large candidate gene studies, diagnostic performance could be calculated from the reported data. No study using chair-side tests was identified. Low to moderate values for sensitivity, specificity, positive and negative predictive value and diagnostic accuracy were found. CONCLUSION No genetic diagnostic test of clinical value emerged for periodontal diagnosis, prevention or prediction of disease resolution. Thus, potential future applications of polygenic risk scores that encode susceptibility, as well as single-marker testing for monogenic or oligogenic forms of periodontal diseases, are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- H Dommisch
- Department of Periodontology, Oral Medicine and Oral Surgery, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Berlin Institute of Health, Berlin, Germany
| | - D Hoedke
- Department of Periodontology, Oral Medicine and Oral Surgery, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Berlin Institute of Health, Berlin, Germany
| | - E M-C Lu
- Periodontology Unit, Centre for Host-Microbiome Interactions, Faculty of Dentistry, Oral and Craniofacial Sciences, King's College London, London, UK
| | - A Schäfer
- Department of Periodontology, Oral Medicine and Oral Surgery, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Berlin Institute of Health, Berlin, Germany
| | - G Richter
- Department of Periodontology, Oral Medicine and Oral Surgery, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Berlin Institute of Health, Berlin, Germany
| | - J Kang
- Periodontology Unit, Centre for Host-Microbiome Interactions, Faculty of Dentistry, Oral and Craniofacial Sciences, King's College London, London, UK
| | - L Nibali
- Periodontology Unit, Centre for Host-Microbiome Interactions, Faculty of Dentistry, Oral and Craniofacial Sciences, King's College London, London, UK
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Song J, Liu Z, Yang F, Zhang T, Pan Z. Hypomethylation of the low-density lipoprotein receptor class A domain containing 4 gene in rheumatoid arthritis. Clin Immunol 2025; 272:110441. [PMID: 39870147 DOI: 10.1016/j.clim.2025.110441] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2024] [Revised: 01/05/2025] [Accepted: 01/21/2025] [Indexed: 01/29/2025]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is a chronic inflammatory disease linked to epigenetic changes, particularly DNA methylation. While LDLRAD4 has been implicated in RA through GWAS, its role in RA via methylation remains unclear. OBJECTIVES To investigate LDLRAD4 methylation patterns in RA and evaluate its potential as a diagnostic and inflammatory biomarker. METHODS We assessed DNA methylation at specific CpG sites within LDLRAD4 in 150 RA patients and 150 healthy controls. Clinical data, including disease duration and inflammatory markers, were collected. RESULTS RA patients showed significant hypomethylation of LDLRAD4, especially in the LDLRAD4-43 and LDLRAD4-44 regions. ROC analysis yielded an AUC of 0.841, indicating strong diagnostic potential. Methylation levels correlated negatively with ESR, CRP and DAS28 in the RF+/CCP- subgroup. CONCLUSIONS LDLRAD4 DNA present hypomethylation in rheumatoid arthritis, and methylation levels are correlated with inflammatory indicator, possibly via TGF-β signaling. Further research is needed to explore its therapeutic potential.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jingjing Song
- Department of Rheumatology, Qilu Hospital (Qingdao), Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Qingdao, China
| | - Zhen Liu
- Department of Rheumatology, Qilu Hospital (Qingdao), Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Qingdao, China
| | - Fan Yang
- Department of Rheumatology, Qilu Hospital (Qingdao), Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Qingdao, China
| | - Ting Zhang
- Department of Rheumatology, Qilu Hospital (Qingdao), Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Qingdao, China
| | - Zhenglun Pan
- Department of Rheumatology, Qilu Hospital (Qingdao), Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Qingdao, China.
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Liccardo D, Valletta A, Spagnuolo G, Vinciguerra C, Lauria MR, Perrotta A, Del Giudice C, De Luca F, Rengo G, Rengo S, Rengo C, Cannavo A. Porphyromonas gingivalis virulence factors induce toxic effects in SH-SY5Y neuroblastoma cells: GRK5 modulation as a protective strategy. J Biotechnol 2024; 393:7-16. [PMID: 39033880 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbiotec.2024.07.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2023] [Revised: 07/02/2024] [Accepted: 07/14/2024] [Indexed: 07/23/2024]
Abstract
Periodontitis (PDS) is a chronic inflammatory disease initiated by a dysbiosis of oral pathogenic bacterial species, such as Porphyromonas gingivalis (Pg). These bacteria can penetrate the bloodstream, releasing various endo and exotoxins that fuel the infection, and stimulate toxic inflammation in different compartments, including the brain. However, the specific mechanisms by which PDS/Pg contribute to brain disorders, such as Alzheimer's disease (AD), remain unclear. This study assessed the effects of Pg's virulence factors - lipopolysaccharide (LPS-Pg) and gingipains (gps) K (Kgp) and Rgp - on SH-SY5Y cells. Our results demonstrated that LPS-Pg activated signaling through the Toll-like receptor (TLR)-2/4 induced a significant downregulation of G protein-coupled receptor kinase 5 (GRK5). Additionally, LPS-Pg stimulation resulted in a robust increase in Tau phosphorylation (pTau) and p53 levels, while causing a marked reduction in Bcl2 and increased cell death compared to unstimulated cells (Ns). LPS-Pg also elevated inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) expression, leading to oxidative damage. In cells overexpressing GRK5 via Adenovirus, LPS-Pg failed to increase iNOS and pTau levels compared to GFP control cells. High GRK5 levels also prevented the nuclear accumulation of nuclear factor kappa-light-chain-enhancer of activated B cells (NF-kB). Furthermore, the overexpression of a GRK5 mutant form lacking the nuclear localization signal (ΔNLS) nearly abolished LPS-Pg induced p53 and iNOS upregulation. Finally, we tested whether Kgp and Rgp mediated similar effects and our data showed that both gps caused a marked downregulation of GRK5 leading to increased p53 and pTau levels. In conclusion, this study provides further insight into the toxic effects elicited by Pg in cells and suggests that preventing GRK5 deficiency may be a valid strategy to mitigate Pg-induced toxic effects (i.e. cell death, oxidative damage, and Tau hyperphosphorylation) in SH-SY5Y cells, which are typical molecular hallmarks of neurodegenerative disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniela Liccardo
- Department of Neurosciences, Reproductive and Odontostomatological Sciences, University of Naples Federico II, Naples 80131, Italy
| | - Alessandra Valletta
- Department of Neurosciences, Reproductive and Odontostomatological Sciences, University of Naples Federico II, Naples 80131, Italy
| | - Gianrico Spagnuolo
- Department of Neurosciences, Reproductive and Odontostomatological Sciences, University of Naples Federico II, Naples 80131, Italy
| | - Caterina Vinciguerra
- Department of Translational Medical Sciences, University of Naples Federico II, Naples 80131, Italy
| | - Maria Rosaria Lauria
- Department of Translational Medical Sciences, University of Naples Federico II, Naples 80131, Italy
| | - Alessia Perrotta
- Department of Translational Medical Sciences, University of Naples Federico II, Naples 80131, Italy
| | - Carmela Del Giudice
- Department of Neurosciences, Reproductive and Odontostomatological Sciences, University of Naples Federico II, Naples 80131, Italy
| | - Francesca De Luca
- Department of Translational Medical Sciences, University of Naples Federico II, Naples 80131, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Rengo
- Department of Translational Medical Sciences, University of Naples Federico II, Naples 80131, Italy; Istituti Clinici Scientifici Maugeri IRCCS - Scientific Institute of Telese Terme (BN), Italy
| | - Sandro Rengo
- Department of Neurosciences, Reproductive and Odontostomatological Sciences, University of Naples Federico II, Naples 80131, Italy
| | - Carlo Rengo
- Dental School of Periodontology, University of Naples Federico II, Napoli 80127, Italy.
| | - Alessandro Cannavo
- Department of Translational Medical Sciences, University of Naples Federico II, Naples 80131, Italy.
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Rubinstein T, Brickman AM, Cheng B, Burkett S, Park H, Annavajhala MK, Uhlemann A, Andrews H, Gutierrez J, Paster BJ, Noble JM, Papapanou PN. Periodontitis and brain magnetic resonance imaging markers of Alzheimer's disease and cognitive aging. Alzheimers Dement 2024; 20:2191-2208. [PMID: 38278517 PMCID: PMC10984451 DOI: 10.1002/alz.13683] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2023] [Revised: 12/11/2023] [Accepted: 12/12/2023] [Indexed: 01/28/2024]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION We examined the association of clinical, microbiological, and host response features of periodontitis with MRI markers of atrophy/cerebrovascular disease in the Washington Heights Inwood Columbia Aging Project (WHICAP) Ancillary Study of Oral Health. METHODS We analyzed 468 participants with clinical periodontal data, microbial plaque and serum samples, and brain MRIs. We tested the association of periodontitis features with MRI features, after adjusting for multiple risk factors for Alzheimer's disease/Alzheimer's disease-related dementia (AD/ADRD). RESULTS In fully adjusted models, having more teeth was associated with lower odds for infarcts, lower white matter hyperintensity (WMH) volume, higher entorhinal cortex volume, and higher cortical thickness. Higher extent of periodontitis was associated with lower entorhinal cortex volume and lower cortical thickness. Differential associations emerged between colonization by specific bacteria/serum antibacterial IgG responses and MRI outcomes. DISCUSSION In an elderly cohort, clinical, microbiological, and serological features of periodontitis were associated with MRI findings related to ADRD risk. Further investigation of causal associations is warranted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tom Rubinstein
- Division of PeriodonticsSection of OralDiagnostic and Rehabilitation SciencesCollege of Dental MedicineNew YorkNew YorkUSA
| | - Adam M. Brickman
- Department of NeurologyVagelos College of Physicians and SurgeonsNew YorkNew YorkUSA
- Taub Institute for Research on Alzheimer's Disease and the Aging Brain and Gertrude H. Sergievsky CenterNew YorkNew YorkUSA
| | - Bin Cheng
- Department of BiostatisticsMailman School of Public HealthNew YorkNew YorkUSA
| | - Sandra Burkett
- Division of PeriodonticsSection of OralDiagnostic and Rehabilitation SciencesCollege of Dental MedicineNew YorkNew YorkUSA
| | - Heekuk Park
- Division of Infectious DiseasesDepartment of MedicineVagelos College of Physicians and, Surgeons, Irving Medical CenterColumbia UniversityNew YorkNew YorkUSA
| | - Medini K. Annavajhala
- Division of Infectious DiseasesDepartment of MedicineVagelos College of Physicians and, Surgeons, Irving Medical CenterColumbia UniversityNew YorkNew YorkUSA
| | - Anne‐Catrin Uhlemann
- Division of Infectious DiseasesDepartment of MedicineVagelos College of Physicians and, Surgeons, Irving Medical CenterColumbia UniversityNew YorkNew YorkUSA
| | - Howard Andrews
- Department of BiostatisticsMailman School of Public HealthNew YorkNew YorkUSA
| | - Jose Gutierrez
- Department of NeurologyVagelos College of Physicians and SurgeonsNew YorkNew YorkUSA
| | - Bruce J. Paster
- The Forsyth InstituteCambridgeMassachusettsUSA
- Department of Oral Medicine, Infection and ImmunityHarvard School of Dental MedicineBostonMassachusettsUSA
| | - James M. Noble
- Department of NeurologyVagelos College of Physicians and SurgeonsNew YorkNew YorkUSA
- Taub Institute for Research on Alzheimer's Disease and the Aging Brain and Gertrude H. Sergievsky CenterNew YorkNew YorkUSA
| | - Panos N. Papapanou
- Division of PeriodonticsSection of OralDiagnostic and Rehabilitation SciencesCollege of Dental MedicineNew YorkNew YorkUSA
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Noble JM, Papapanou PN. With Teeth, Broken, or Fixed: The Challenges of Linking Periodontitis, Neuroepidemiology, and Biomarkers of Disease. J Alzheimers Dis 2023; 93:991-994. [PMID: 37248907 DOI: 10.3233/jad-230346] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
Periodontitis is a chronic inflammatory, bacterially-driven disease of the tooth-supporting tissues that shares several risk factors and elements of host response with Alzheimer's disease and related dementias (ADRD). Epidemiological studies have identified relatively consistent associations between adverse oral health conditions and ADRD. In this issue of the journal, a large study from the UK Biobank further explores these relationships along with MRI cognitive biomarkers. Despite its strength due to the large sample size, challenges in the study of periodontitis and neuroepidemiology markers include potential sampling bias, appropriate assessment of exposures, and the possibility of reverse causality.
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Affiliation(s)
- James M Noble
- Department of Neurology, Taub Institute for Research on Alzheimer's Disease and the Aging Brain, GH Sergievsky Center, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA
| | - Panos N Papapanou
- Division of Periodontics, Section of Oral, Diagnostic and Rehabilitation Sciences, College of Dental Medicine, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA
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