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Herz MM, Hoffmann N, Braun S, Lachmann S, Bartha V, Petsos H. Periodontal pockets: Predictors for site-related worsening after non-surgical therapy-A long-term retrospective cohort study. J Clin Periodontol 2024; 51:680-690. [PMID: 38385991 DOI: 10.1111/jcpe.13957] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2023] [Revised: 01/18/2024] [Accepted: 01/21/2024] [Indexed: 02/23/2024]
Abstract
AIM To evaluate site-related changes in periodontal pocket depth (PPD) after non-surgical periodontal therapy and to identify predictors for PPD changes in a retrospective patient data analysis. MATERIALS AND METHODS PPD, clinical attachment level, bleeding on probing, tooth mobility (TM), furcation involvement (FI), abutment status, adherence to supportive periodontal care (SPC) and SPC follow-ups were obtained from fully documented patient data before periodontal therapy (baseline, T0), after active periodontal therapy (APT, T1) and during SPC (T2). PPD changes were classified into deteriorated or unchanged/improved at the site level. Multi-level logistic regression analysis was performed to identify factors influencing PPD changes during SPC. RESULTS This retrospective study included 51 females and 65 males (mean T0 age: 54.8 ± 10.1 years, 25 smokers, 12 diabetics) suffering from Stage III/IV periodontitis. Evaluation outcome: T0/16,044 sampling sites/2674 teeth; T1/15,636/2606; T2/14,754/2459. During 9.0 ± 2.3 years SPC, PPD decreased (-1.33 ± 0.70 mm) by 21.8% of the sites, remained unchanged by 41.4% and increased (1.40 ± 0.78 mm) by 36.8%. Distopalatal FI (p < .001, odds ratio [OR]: 0.252, 95% confidence interval [CI] for OR: 0.118-0.540), residual pockets (p < .001, OR: 0.503, 95% CI: 0.429-0.590) and TM Degrees I-III (Degree I: p = .002, OR: 0.765, 95% CI: 0.646-0.905; Degree II: p = .006, OR: 0.658, 95% CI: 0.489-0.886; Degree III: p = .023, OR: 0.398, 95% CI: 0.180-0.879) correlated significantly with increasing PPD. CONCLUSIONS Over 75% of PPD remained unchanged or increased during SPC. Distopalatal FI, TM Degrees I-III and residual pockets after APT lead to worsening of periodontal pockets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marco M Herz
- Department for Conservative Dentistry, University Hospital of Tuebingen, Tuebingen, Germany
| | | | | | | | - Valentin Bartha
- Department for Conservative Dentistry, University Hospital of Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Hari Petsos
- Department of Periodontology, Center of Dentistry and Oral Medicine (Carolinum), Goethe University Frankfurt, Frankfurt am Main, Germany
- Private Practice, Butzbach, Germany
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Campagna A, Baima G, Romano F, Amoroso F, Mussano F, Oteri G, Aimetti M, Peditto M. Orally Derived Stem Cell-Based Therapy in Periodontal Regeneration: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of Randomized Clinical Studies. Dent J (Basel) 2024; 12:145. [PMID: 38786543 PMCID: PMC11120617 DOI: 10.3390/dj12050145] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2024] [Revised: 04/15/2024] [Accepted: 04/26/2024] [Indexed: 05/25/2024] Open
Abstract
The present systematic review was performed to assess the application of orally derived stem cells in periodontal regenerative therapy, and because of this, the following PICO question was proposed: "In patients with periodontitis, can the adjunctive use of orally derived stem cells provide additional clinical and radiographic benefits for periodontal regeneration?". Randomized clinical studies were electronically and manually searched up until December 2023. Quantitative analyses were performed with the aim of evaluating the mean differences (MDs) between the treatment and control groups in terms of clinical attachment level (CAL) gain, probing pocket depth (PPD) reduction, gingival recession (GR), and radiographic bone gain (RBG) using random effect models. A total of seven studies were selected for the systematic review. Meta-analyses excluding studies with a high risk of bias highlighted a non-statistically significant result for the use of stem cells when compared to the control groups in terms of CAL gain [MD = 1.05; 95% CI (-0.88, 2.97) p = 0.29] and PPD reduction [MD = 1.32; 95% CI (-0.25, 2.88) p = 0.10]. The same also applied to GR [MD = -0.08; 95% CI (-0.79, 0.63) p = 0.83] and RBG [MD = 0.50; 95% CI (-0.88, 1.88) p = 0.48]. Based on the high heterogeneity, there is not enough evidence to consider the adjunctive application of orally derived mesenchymal stem cells as a preferential approach for periodontal regenerative treatment, as compared to standard procedures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alessandro Campagna
- Department of Biomedical and Dental Sciences and Morphofunctional Imaging, University of Messina, 98122 Messina, Italy; (A.C.); (G.O.); (M.P.)
- Department of Surgical Sciences, C.I.R. Dental School, University of Turin, 10126 Torino, Italy; (G.B.); (F.R.); (F.A.); (M.A.)
| | - Giacomo Baima
- Department of Surgical Sciences, C.I.R. Dental School, University of Turin, 10126 Torino, Italy; (G.B.); (F.R.); (F.A.); (M.A.)
| | - Federica Romano
- Department of Surgical Sciences, C.I.R. Dental School, University of Turin, 10126 Torino, Italy; (G.B.); (F.R.); (F.A.); (M.A.)
| | - Federico Amoroso
- Department of Surgical Sciences, C.I.R. Dental School, University of Turin, 10126 Torino, Italy; (G.B.); (F.R.); (F.A.); (M.A.)
- Politecnico di Torino, 10129 Torino, Italy
| | - Federico Mussano
- Department of Surgical Sciences, C.I.R. Dental School, University of Turin, 10126 Torino, Italy; (G.B.); (F.R.); (F.A.); (M.A.)
| | - Giacomo Oteri
- Department of Biomedical and Dental Sciences and Morphofunctional Imaging, University of Messina, 98122 Messina, Italy; (A.C.); (G.O.); (M.P.)
| | - Mario Aimetti
- Department of Surgical Sciences, C.I.R. Dental School, University of Turin, 10126 Torino, Italy; (G.B.); (F.R.); (F.A.); (M.A.)
| | - Matteo Peditto
- Department of Biomedical and Dental Sciences and Morphofunctional Imaging, University of Messina, 98122 Messina, Italy; (A.C.); (G.O.); (M.P.)
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Ying XX, Hou Y, Zheng X, Ma JX, Wu ML, Liu M, Liu XY, Zhang KL. Exploring Putative Causal Associations between Diet and Periodontal Disease Susceptibility. JDR Clin Trans Res 2024:23800844241247485. [PMID: 38708597 DOI: 10.1177/23800844241247485] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/07/2024] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Dietary factors may play an important role in periodontal health. However, current evidence from observational studies remains inconclusive. OBJECTIVE This study aimed to investigate the causal relationships between dietary exposures and periodontal disease risks using Mendelian randomization analysis. METHODS Large-scale genome-wide association study summary statistics for 20 dietary factors were obtained from the MRC-IEU consortium. Multivariable and univariable 2-sample Mendelian randomization analyses were performed to assess the causal effects of each dietary exposure on 6 periodontal outcomes, including gingivitis and periodontitis. RESULTS Genetically predicted higher dried fruit intake was significantly associated with reduced risks of acute gingivitis (odds ratio [OR]: 0.02; 95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.00-0.42; P = 0.01) and bleeding gums (OR: 0.96; 95% CI: 0.93-0.99; P = 0.01). Higher fresh fruit and water intake showed protective effects against chronic gingivitis (OR: 0.18; 95% CI: 0.04-0.91; P = 0.04 and OR: 0.15; 95% CI: 0.04-0.53; P = 0.00) and bleeding gums (OR: 0.95; 95% CI: 0.92-0.981; P = 0.00 and OR: 0.98; 95% CI: 0.96-0.99; P = 0.02). Alcohol intake frequency and processed meat intake were risk factors for bleeding gums (OR: 1.01; 95% CI: 1.00-1.02; P = 0.01 and OR: 1.05; 95% CI: 1.01-1.08; P = 0.00) and painful gums (OR: 1.01; 95% CI: 1.00-1.01; P = 0.00 and OR: 1.02; 95% CI: 1.01-1.03; P = 0.00). Most of the causal relationships between genetic predisposition to the specified dietary factors and periodontal diseases remained statistically significant (P < 0.05) after adjusting for genetic risks associated with dentures, smoking, and type 2 diabetes in multivariable Mendelian randomization models. CONCLUSIONS The findings suggest potential protective effects of higher fruit and water intake against gingivitis and other periodontal problems, while alcohol and processed meat intake may increase the risks of periodontal disease. Our study provides preliminary causal evidence on the effects of diet on periodontal health and could inform prevention strategies targeting dietary habits to improve oral health. KNOWLEDGE TRANSFER STATEMENT This study suggests that fruit and water intake may protect against periodontal disease, while alcohol and processed meats increase risk, informing dietary guidelines to improve oral health.
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Affiliation(s)
- X X Ying
- Department of Oral Prosthodontics, School of Stomatology, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China
| | - Y Hou
- School of Stomatology, China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - X Zheng
- Department of Cell Biology, College of Basic Medical Sciences, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China
| | - J X Ma
- Department of Cell Biology, College of Basic Medical Sciences, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China
| | - M L Wu
- Department of Cell Biology, College of Basic Medical Sciences, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China
| | - M Liu
- Department of Cell Biology, College of Basic Medical Sciences, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China
| | - X Y Liu
- Department of Cell Biology, College of Basic Medical Sciences, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China
| | - K L Zhang
- Department of Cell Biology, College of Basic Medical Sciences, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China
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De Lauretis A, Øvrebø Ø, Romandini M, Lyngstadaas SP, Rossi F, Haugen HJ. From Basic Science to Clinical Practice: A Review of Current Periodontal/Mucogingival Regenerative Biomaterials. ADVANCED SCIENCE (WEINHEIM, BADEN-WURTTEMBERG, GERMANY) 2024; 11:e2308848. [PMID: 38380549 PMCID: PMC11077667 DOI: 10.1002/advs.202308848] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2023] [Revised: 01/23/2024] [Indexed: 02/22/2024]
Abstract
Periodontitis is a dysbiosis-driven inflammatory disease affecting the tooth-supporting tissues, characterized by their progressive resorption, which can ultimately lead to tooth loss. A step-wise therapeutic approach is employed for periodontitis. After an initial behavioral and non-surgical phase, intra-bony or furcation defects may be amenable to regenerative procedures. This review discusses the regenerative technologies employed for periodontal regeneration, highlighting the current limitations and future research areas. The search, performed on the MEDLINE database, has identified the available biomaterials, including biologicals (autologous platelet concentrates, hydrogels), bone grafts (pure or putty), and membranes. Biologicals and bone grafts have been critically analyzed in terms of composition, mechanism of action, and clinical applications. Although a certain degree of periodontal regeneration is predictable in intra-bony and class II furcation defects, complete defect closure is hardly achieved. Moreover, treating class III furcation defects remains challenging. The key properties required for functional regeneration are discussed, and none of the commercially available biomaterials possess all the ideal characteristics. Therefore, research is needed to promote the advancement of more effective and targeted regenerative therapies for periodontitis. Lastly, improving the design and reporting of clinical studies is suggested by strictly adhering to the Consolidated Standards of Reporting Trials (CONSORT) 2010 statement.
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Affiliation(s)
- Angela De Lauretis
- Department of Biomaterials, Institute of Clinical Dentistry, Faculty of DentistryUniversity of OsloOslo0455Norway
- Department of Chemistry, Materials and Chemical Engineering “Giulio Natta”Politecnico di MilanoMilan20133Italy
| | - Øystein Øvrebø
- Department of Biomaterials, Institute of Clinical Dentistry, Faculty of DentistryUniversity of OsloOslo0455Norway
- Department of Chemistry, Materials and Chemical Engineering “Giulio Natta”Politecnico di MilanoMilan20133Italy
| | - Mario Romandini
- Department of Periodontology, Institute of Clinical Dentistry, Faculty of DentistryUniversity of OsloOslo0455Norway
| | - Ståle Petter Lyngstadaas
- Department of Biomaterials, Institute of Clinical Dentistry, Faculty of DentistryUniversity of OsloOslo0455Norway
| | - Filippo Rossi
- Department of Chemistry, Materials and Chemical Engineering “Giulio Natta”Politecnico di MilanoMilan20133Italy
| | - Håvard Jostein Haugen
- Department of Biomaterials, Institute of Clinical Dentistry, Faculty of DentistryUniversity of OsloOslo0455Norway
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Marruganti C, Gaeta C, Romandini M, Ferrari Cagidiaco E, Parrini S, Discepoli N, Grandini S. Multiplicative effect of stress and poor sleep quality on periodontitis: A university-based cross-sectional study. J Periodontol 2024; 95:125-134. [PMID: 37477025 DOI: 10.1002/jper.23-0209] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2023] [Revised: 07/07/2023] [Accepted: 07/16/2023] [Indexed: 07/22/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The aim of this study was to evaluate the association of perceived stress and poor sleep quality with periodontitis in a university-based cohort of individuals. METHODS A total of 235 individuals were included in this cross-sectional study. Perceived stress and sleep quality were evaluated through validated questionnaires, while periodontitis was identified with a full-mouth periodontal examination protocol using both European Federation of Periodontology/American Academy of Periodontology (EFP/AAP) and Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC)/AAP case definitions. Simple and multiple linear and ordinal logistic regression analyses were performed to evaluate the association between perceived stress and sleep quality with periodontitis prevalence and severity. RESULTS Stage III/IV periodontitis resulted associated with both moderate/high perceived stress (odds ratio [OR] = 5.4; 95% confidence interval [CI]: 2.2-13.5; p < 0.001) and poor sleep quality (OR = 3.0; 95% CI: 1.2-7.4; p < 0.05). The interaction between moderate/high perceived stress and poor sleep quality presented a multiplicative association with stage III/IV periodontitis (EFP/AAP; OR = 5.8; 95% CI: 1.6-21.3; p < 0.001). Multiple linear regression analyses indicated a similar trend of association also with linear periodontal parameters, that is, mean clinical attachment level (CAL) and mean probing pocket depth (PPD). CONCLUSIONS The findings from the present study suggest that stress and poor sleep quality may exert a multiplicative effect on periodontitis prevalence and severity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Crystal Marruganti
- Unit of Periodontology, Endodontology and Restorative Dentistry, Department of Medical Biotechnologies, University of Siena, Siena, Italy
| | - Carlo Gaeta
- Unit of Periodontology, Endodontology and Restorative Dentistry, Department of Medical Biotechnologies, University of Siena, Siena, Italy
| | - Mario Romandini
- Department of Periodontology, Faculty of Dentistry, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Edoardo Ferrari Cagidiaco
- Unit of Periodontology, Endodontology and Restorative Dentistry, Department of Medical Biotechnologies, University of Siena, Siena, Italy
| | - Stefano Parrini
- Unit of Oral Surgery, Department of Medical Biotechnologies, University of Siena, Siena, Italy
| | - Nicola Discepoli
- Unit of Periodontology, Endodontology and Restorative Dentistry, Department of Medical Biotechnologies, University of Siena, Siena, Italy
| | - Simone Grandini
- Unit of Periodontology, Endodontology and Restorative Dentistry, Department of Medical Biotechnologies, University of Siena, Siena, Italy
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Baima G, Minoli M, Michaud DS, Aimetti M, Sanz M, Loos BG, Romandini M. Periodontitis and risk of cancer: Mechanistic evidence. Periodontol 2000 2023. [PMID: 38102837 DOI: 10.1111/prd.12540] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2023] [Revised: 10/24/2023] [Accepted: 11/01/2023] [Indexed: 12/17/2023]
Abstract
This review aims to critically analyze the pathways of interaction and the pathogenic mechanisms linking periodontitis and oral bacteria with the initiation/progression of cancer at different body compartments. A higher risk of head and neck cancer has been consistently associated with periodontitis. This relationship has been explained by the local promotion of dysbiosis, chronic inflammation, immune evasion, and direct (epi)genetic damage to epithelial cells by periodontal pathobionts and their toxins. Epidemiological reports have also studied a possible link between periodontitis and the incidence of other malignancies at distant sites, such as lung, breast, prostate, and digestive tract cancers. Mechanistically, different pathways have been involved, including the induction of a chronic systemic inflammatory state and the spreading of oral pathobionts with carcinogenic potential. Indeed, periodontitis may promote low-grade systemic inflammation and phenotypic changes in the mononuclear cells, leading to the release of free radicals and cytokines, as well as extracellular matrix degradation, which are all mechanisms involved in carcinogenic and metastatic processes. Moreover, the transient hematogenous spill out or micro-aspiration/swallowing of periodontal bacteria and their virulence factors (i.e., lipopolysaccharides, fimbriae), may lead to non-indigenous bacterial colonization of multiple microenvironments. These events may in turn replenish the tumor-associated microbiome and thus influence the molecular hallmarks of cancer. Particularly, specific strains of oral pathobionts (e.g., Porphyromonas gingivalis and Fusobacterium nucleatum) may translocate through the hematogenous and enteral routes, being implicated in esophageal, gastric, pancreatic, and colorectal tumorigenesis through the modulation of the gastrointestinal antitumor immune system (i.e., tumor-infiltrating T cells) and the increased expression of pro-inflammatory/oncogenic genes. Ultimately, the potential influence of common risk factors, relevant comorbidities, and upstream drivers, such as gerovulnerability to multiple diseases, in explaining the relationship cannot be disregarded. The evidence analyzed here emphasizes the possible relevance of periodontitis in cancer initiation/progression and stimulates future research endeavors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giacomo Baima
- Department of Surgical Sciences, C.I.R. Dental School, University of Turin, Turin, Italy
| | - Margherita Minoli
- Department of Periodontology, Università Vita-Salute San Raffaele, Milan, Italy
| | - Dominique S Michaud
- Department of Public Health and Community Medicine, Tufts University School of Medicine, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Mario Aimetti
- Department of Surgical Sciences, C.I.R. Dental School, University of Turin, Turin, Italy
| | - Mariano Sanz
- Faculty of Odontology, University Complutense, Madrid, Spain
- Department of Periodontology, Faculty of Dentistry, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Bruno G Loos
- Department of Periodontology, ACTA - Academic Centre for Dentistry Amsterdam, University of Amsterdam and Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Mario Romandini
- Department of Periodontology, Faculty of Dentistry, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
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Baima G, Shin HS, Arrica M, Laforí A, Cordaro M, Romandini M. The co-occurrence of the two main oral diseases: periodontitis and dental caries. Clin Oral Investig 2023; 27:6483-6492. [PMID: 37714978 PMCID: PMC10630193 DOI: 10.1007/s00784-023-05253-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2023] [Accepted: 09/09/2023] [Indexed: 09/17/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Limited studies are available testing through multiple regression models the association between the two main oral diseases: dental caries and periodontitis. The aim of this cross-sectional population-based study was to verify whether dental caries and periodontitis co-occur in a representative sample of the South Korea population. MATERIALS AND METHODS A total of 23,405 subjects representative of 36.2 million of adults (KNHANES) were examined. Univariate and multiple regression analyses using 7 different models were applied, controlling for age, gender, smoking status, frequency of toothbrushing, use of interproximal toothbrushes and flossing, educational level, income, gum diseases treatment and tooth filling in the previous year, BMI, Vitamin D serum levels, alcoholism, diabetes status, stress and carbohydrates dietary intake. RESULTS In the fully adjusted model, participants with periodontitis had, respectively, a mean of 0.82 (95% CI: 0.41-1.23) and of 0.36 (95% CI: 0.22-0.50) more untreated decayed surfaces and teeth than participants without periodontitis, with an OR to have at least one untreated decayed surface of 1.96 (95% CI: 1.66-2.32). However, cumulative caries experience (DF scores) and periodontitis were not associated. CONCLUSIONS In this large nationally representative population, periodontitis and untreated dental caries co-occur. However, when considering cumulative caries experience (DF scores), the two diseases do not appear related. CLINICAL RELEVANCE In light of their possible co-occurrence, clinicians should implement integrative diagnostic, preventive and treatment strategies for both diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giacomo Baima
- Department of Surgical Sciences, C.I.R. Dental School, University of Turin, Turin, Italy
| | - Hye-Sun Shin
- Department of Dental Hygiene, Dongnam Health University, Suwon-Si, Gyeonggi-Do, Korea
| | - Mariantonietta Arrica
- Department of Medical, Surgical and Experimental Sciences, School of Dentistry, University of Sassari, Sassari, Italy
| | - Andreina Laforí
- Division of Fixed Prosthodontics and Biomaterials, Clinic of Dental Medicine, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Massimo Cordaro
- Institute of Dentistry and Maxillofacial Surgery, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A. Gemelli IRCCS, Catholic University of the Sacred Heart, Rome, Italy
| | - Mario Romandini
- Department of Periodontology, Faculty of Dentistry, University of Oslo, 69, 0455, Geitmyrsveien, Oslo, Norway.
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Ferrarotti F, Baima G, Rendinelli M, Citterio F, Mariani GM, Mussano F, Romano F, Romandini M, Aimetti M. Pocket closure after repeated subgingival instrumentation: a stress test to the EFP guideline for stage III-IV periodontitis. Clin Oral Investig 2023; 27:6701-6708. [PMID: 37773418 PMCID: PMC10630226 DOI: 10.1007/s00784-023-05279-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2023] [Accepted: 09/23/2023] [Indexed: 10/01/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To study the effects of one or two repeated subgingival instrumentations (RSI) in achieving the endpoints of therapy (EoT) in open pockets [residual probing pocket depth (PPD) ≥ 6 mm and PPD 4-5 mm with bleeding on probing (BoP)] after steps I-II of therapy. MATERIALS AND METHODS Twenty-five patients (3,552 total sites; 1,450 open pockets) with stage III-IV periodontitis received steps I-II of periodontal therapy and were re-evaluated after 4-6 weeks (T1). Residual pockets received RSI at T1 and at 3 months (T2). EoT (PPD < 4 or PPD < 6 BoP-) rate at T1, T2 and 6 months (T3) was computed. The number of needed surgeries and treatment costs were calculated. RESULTS At T1, 67.6% of open pockets achieved EoT. At residual PPD ≥ 6 mm at T1 (n = 172), one and two RSI resulted in 33.1% and 45.9% of EoT at T2 and T3, respectively. At residual PPD 4-5 mm with BoP at T1 (n = 298), one and two RSI resulted in 66.8% and 72.1% of EoT at T2 and T3, respectively. PPD at T1 predicted EoT after RSI in both cases, while tooth type only in residual PPD 4-5 mm BoP + . At T1, mean number of surgeries per patient and associated costs were significantly higher than after one/two RSI. CONCLUSIONS RSI may achieve EoT in residual PPD 4-5 mm BoP + and PPD ≥ 6 mm in a considerable number of cases. CLINICAL RELEVANCE These findings may support the administration of one/two cycles of RSI prior to surgical approach. PROTOCOL REGISTRATION ClinicalTrials.gov identification number: NCT04826926.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francesco Ferrarotti
- Department of Surgical Sciences, C.I.R. Dental School, Section of Periodontology, University of Turin, Via Nizza 230, Turin, Italy
| | - Giacomo Baima
- Department of Surgical Sciences, C.I.R. Dental School, Section of Periodontology, University of Turin, Via Nizza 230, Turin, Italy.
- Politecnico di Torino, Turin, Italy.
| | - Martina Rendinelli
- Department of Surgical Sciences, C.I.R. Dental School, Section of Periodontology, University of Turin, Via Nizza 230, Turin, Italy
| | - Filippo Citterio
- Department of Surgical Sciences, C.I.R. Dental School, Section of Periodontology, University of Turin, Via Nizza 230, Turin, Italy
| | - Giulia Maria Mariani
- Department of Surgical Sciences, C.I.R. Dental School, Section of Periodontology, University of Turin, Via Nizza 230, Turin, Italy
| | - Federico Mussano
- Department of Surgical Sciences, C.I.R. Dental School, Section of Periodontology, University of Turin, Via Nizza 230, Turin, Italy
| | - Federica Romano
- Department of Surgical Sciences, C.I.R. Dental School, Section of Periodontology, University of Turin, Via Nizza 230, Turin, Italy
| | - Mario Romandini
- Department of Periodontology, Faculty of Dentistry, University of Oslo, Geitmyrsveien, 69, 0455, Oslo, Norway.
| | - Mario Aimetti
- Department of Surgical Sciences, C.I.R. Dental School, Section of Periodontology, University of Turin, Via Nizza 230, Turin, Italy
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Baima G, Ribaldone DG, Romano F, Aimetti M, Romandini M. The Gum-Gut Axis: Periodontitis and the Risk of Gastrointestinal Cancers. Cancers (Basel) 2023; 15:4594. [PMID: 37760563 PMCID: PMC10526746 DOI: 10.3390/cancers15184594] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2023] [Revised: 08/01/2023] [Accepted: 09/14/2023] [Indexed: 09/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Periodontitis has been linked to an increased risk of various chronic non-communicable diseases, including gastrointestinal cancers. Indeed, dysbiosis of the oral microbiome and immune-inflammatory pathways related to periodontitis may impact the pathophysiology of the gastrointestinal tract and its accessory organs through the so-called "gum-gut axis". In addition to the hematogenous spread of periodontal pathogens and inflammatory cytokines, recent research suggests that oral pathobionts may translocate to the gastrointestinal tract through saliva, possibly impacting neoplastic processes in the gastrointestinal, liver, and pancreatic systems. The exact mechanisms by which oral pathogens contribute to the development of digestive tract cancers are not fully understood but may involve dysbiosis of the gut microbiome, chronic inflammation, and immune modulation/evasion, mainly through the interaction with T-helper and monocytic cells. Specifically, keystone periodontal pathogens, including Porphyromonas gingivalis and Fusobacterium nucleatum, are known to interact with the molecular hallmarks of gastrointestinal cancers, inducing genomic mutations, and promote a permissive immune microenvironment by impairing anti-tumor checkpoints. The evidence gathered here suggests a possible role of periodontitis and oral dysbiosis in the carcinogenesis of the enteral tract. The "gum-gut axis" may therefore represent a promising target for the development of strategies for the prevention and treatment of gastrointestinal cancers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giacomo Baima
- Department of Surgical Sciences, University of Turin, 10125 Torino, Italy; (G.B.); (F.R.); (M.A.)
| | | | - Federica Romano
- Department of Surgical Sciences, University of Turin, 10125 Torino, Italy; (G.B.); (F.R.); (M.A.)
| | - Mario Aimetti
- Department of Surgical Sciences, University of Turin, 10125 Torino, Italy; (G.B.); (F.R.); (M.A.)
| | - Mario Romandini
- Department of Periodontology, Faculty of Dentistry, University of Oslo, 0313 Oslo, Norway
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Sáenz-Ravello G, Matamala L, Cisternas P, Gamonal J, Hernández P, Santos NCD, Deng K, Baeza M. Association between the Mediterranean Diet Index and self-reported Gingival Health Status Indicators in a population of Chilean adults: a cross-sectional study. J Appl Oral Sci 2023; 31:e20230100. [PMID: 37403879 DOI: 10.1590/1678-7757-2023-0100] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2023] [Accepted: 05/30/2023] [Indexed: 07/06/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Despite the recognized impact of diet on non-communicable diseases, the association between the Mediterranean diet and periodontal diseases is still uncertain. This study aimed to determine the association between adherence to the Mediterranean Diet Index (MDI) and self-reported gingival health status in Chilean adults, exploring the feasibility of using validated web-based survey questionnaires. METHODOLOGY Cross-sectional data were collected from a representative sample of a population of Chilean adults (18-60 years old) using a low-cost and time-saving methodology. By the PsyToolkit platform, anonymous survey data were downloaded and analyzed in bivariate (crude) and backward stepwise selection multivariate logistic regression models adjusted for sociodemographic determinants, smoking, and dental attendance using STATA 17. Odds ratios (OR) [95% confidence intervals] were estimated. RESULTS In total, 351 complete statistical data were mostly obtained from female university students who had never smoked and reported having visited a dentist in the previous year. Multivariate regression models showed an association between MDI and very good/good gingival health status (OR 1.18 [95% CI 1.04-1.34], p=0.013), absence of bleeding on toothbrushing (OR 1.12 [95% CI 1.01-1.25], p=0.035), and absence of clinical signs of gingival inflammation (OR 1.24 [95% CI 1.10-1.40], p<0.001), after controlling for age, sex, educational level, smoking, and dental attendance. CONCLUSIONS We associated adherence to the Mediterranean diet with better self-reported gingival health status in a population of Chilean adults in an entirely web-based research environment. Longitudinal studies with random sampling are required to establish the effect of diet on gingival and periodontal health. Nevertheless, this evidence could contribute to the design of low-cost surveillance programs to reduce the burden of periodontal disease and related "common risk factors".
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Affiliation(s)
- Gustavo Sáenz-Ravello
- Universidad de Chile, Facultad de Odontología, Centro de Epidemiologia y Vigilancia de las Enfermedades Orales (CEVEO), Santiago, Chile
- Universidad de Chile, Facultad de Odontología, Departmento de Odontología Conservadora, Santiago, Chile
- Universidad de Chile, Facultad de Odontología, Santiago, Chile
| | - Loreto Matamala
- Universidad de Chile, Facultad de Odontología, Departmento de Odontología Conservadora, Santiago, Chile
- Universidad de Chile, Facultad de Odontología, Santiago, Chile
| | | | - Jorge Gamonal
- Universidad de Chile, Facultad de Odontología, Centro de Epidemiologia y Vigilancia de las Enfermedades Orales (CEVEO), Santiago, Chile
- Universidad de Chile, Facultad de Odontología, Departmento de Odontología Conservadora, Santiago, Chile
- Universidad de Chile, Facultad de Odontología, Santiago, Chile
| | - Patricia Hernández
- Universidad de Chile, Facultad de Odontología, Departmento de Odontología Conservadora, Santiago, Chile
- Universidad de Chile, Facultad de Odontología, Santiago, Chile
| | - Nidia Castro Dos Santos
- Universidade Guarulhos, Divisão de Pesquisa Odontológica, Guarulhos, SP, Brasil
- The Forsyth Institute, Cambridge, MA, United States
| | - Ke Deng
- The University of Hong Kong, Faculty of Dentistry, Division of Periodontology and Implant Dentistry, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Mauricio Baeza
- Universidad de Chile, Facultad de Odontología, Centro de Epidemiologia y Vigilancia de las Enfermedades Orales (CEVEO), Santiago, Chile
- Universidad de Chile, Facultad de Odontología, Departmento de Odontología Conservadora, Santiago, Chile
- Universidad de Chile, Facultad de Odontología, Santiago, Chile
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