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Vera JD, Freichel R, Michelini G, Loo SK, Lenartowicz A. A Network Approach to Understanding the Role of Executive Functioning and Alpha Oscillations in Inattention and Hyperactivity-Impulsivity Symptoms of ADHD. J Atten Disord 2024:10870547241253999. [PMID: 38798087 DOI: 10.1177/10870547241253999] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/29/2024]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE ADHD is a prevalent neurodevelopmental disorder characterized by symptoms of inattention and hyperactivity-impulsivity. Impairments in executive functioning (EF) are central to models of ADHD, while alpha-band spectral power event-related decreases (ERD) have emerged as a putative electroencephalography (EEG) biomarker of EF in ADHD. Little is known about the roles of EF and alpha ERD and their interactions with symptoms of ADHD. METHOD We estimated network models of ADHD symptoms and integrated alpha ERD measures into the symptom network. RESULTS EF emerges as a bridge network node connecting alpha ERD and the hyperactivity/impulsivity and inattention symptoms. We found that EF most closely relates to a subset of symptoms, namely the motoric symptoms, "seat" (difficulty staying seated), and "runs" (running or climbing excessively). CONCLUSIONS EF functions as a bridge node connecting alpha ERD and the ADHD symptom network. Motoric-type symptoms and EF deficits may constitute important nodes in the interplay between behavior/symptoms, cognition, and neurophysiological markers of ADHD.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Giorgia Michelini
- University of California, Los Angeles, USA
- Queen Mary University of London, UK
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Arutiunian V, Arcara G, Buyanova I, Fedorov M, Davydova E, Pereverzeva D, Sorokin A, Tyushkevich S, Mamokhina U, Danilina K, Dragoy O. Abnormalities in both stimulus-induced and baseline MEG alpha oscillations in the auditory cortex of children with Autism Spectrum Disorder. Brain Struct Funct 2024:10.1007/s00429-024-02802-7. [PMID: 38683212 DOI: 10.1007/s00429-024-02802-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2023] [Accepted: 04/22/2024] [Indexed: 05/01/2024]
Abstract
The neurobiology of Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD) is hypothetically related to the imbalance between neural excitation (E) and inhibition (I). Different studies have revealed that alpha-band (8-12 Hz) activity in magneto- and electroencephalography (MEG and EEG) may reflect E and I processes and, thus, can be of particular interest in ASD research. Previous findings indicated alterations in event-related and baseline alpha activity in different cortical systems in individuals with ASD, and these abnormalities were associated with core and co-occurring conditions of ASD. However, the knowledge on auditory alpha oscillations in this population is limited. This MEG study investigated stimulus-induced (Event-Related Desynchronization, ERD) and baseline alpha-band activity (both periodic and aperiodic) in the auditory cortex and also the relationships between these neural activities and behavioral measures of children with ASD. Ninety amplitude-modulated tones were presented to two groups of children: 20 children with ASD (5 girls, Mage = 10.03, SD = 1.7) and 20 typically developing controls (9 girls, Mage = 9.11, SD = 1.3). Children with ASD had a bilateral reduction of alpha-band ERD, reduced baseline aperiodic-adjusted alpha power, and flattened aperiodic exponent in comparison to TD children. Moreover, lower raw baseline alpha power and aperiodic offset in the language-dominant left auditory cortex were associated with better language skills of children with ASD measured in formal assessment. The findings highlighted the alterations of E / I balance metrics in response to basic auditory stimuli in children with ASD and also provided evidence for the contribution of low-level processing to language difficulties in ASD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vardan Arutiunian
- Center for Child Health, Behavior and Development, Seattle Children's Research Institute, 1920 Terry Ave, Seattle, WA, 98101, United States of America.
| | | | - Irina Buyanova
- Center for Language and Brain, HSE University, Moscow, Russia
- University of Otago, Dunedin, New Zealand
| | - Makar Fedorov
- Center for Language and Brain, HSE University, Nizhny Novgorod, Russia
| | - Elizaveta Davydova
- Federal Resource Center for ASD, Moscow State University of Psychology and Education, Moscow, Russia
- Chair of Differential Psychology and Psychophysiology, Moscow State University of Psychology and Education, Moscow, Russia
| | - Darya Pereverzeva
- Federal Resource Center for ASD, Moscow State University of Psychology and Education, Moscow, Russia
| | - Alexander Sorokin
- Federal Resource Center for ASD, Moscow State University of Psychology and Education, Moscow, Russia
- Haskins Laboratories, New Haven, CT, United States of America
| | - Svetlana Tyushkevich
- Federal Resource Center for ASD, Moscow State University of Psychology and Education, Moscow, Russia
| | - Uliana Mamokhina
- Federal Resource Center for ASD, Moscow State University of Psychology and Education, Moscow, Russia
| | - Kamilla Danilina
- Federal Resource Center for ASD, Moscow State University of Psychology and Education, Moscow, Russia
- Scientific Research and Practical Center of Pediatric Psychoneurology, Moscow, Russia
| | - Olga Dragoy
- Center for Language and Brain, HSE University, Moscow, Russia
- Institute of Linguistics, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russia
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Freichel R, Zink N, Chang FY, Vera JD, Truong H, Michelini G, Loo SK, Lenartowicz A. Alpha event-related decreases during encoding in adults with ADHD - An investigation of sustained attention and working memory processes. Behav Brain Res 2024; 469:115003. [PMID: 38642862 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbr.2024.115003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2023] [Revised: 03/27/2024] [Accepted: 04/15/2024] [Indexed: 04/22/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Executive functioning deficits are central to established neuropsychological models of ADHD. Oscillatory activity, particularly the alpha rhythm (8-12 Hz) has been associated with cognitive impairments in ADHD. However, most studies to date examined such neural mechanisms underlying executive dysfunction in children and adolescents with ADHD, raising the question of whether and to what extent those ADHD-related working memory impairments are still present in adults. To this end, the current study aimed to investigate the role of alpha event-related decreases (ERD) during working memory processes in adults with and without ADHD. METHODS We collected electroencephalographic (EEG) data from 85 adults with a lifetime diagnosis of ADHD and 105 controls (aged 32-64), while they performed a continuous performance (CPT) and a spatial delayed response working memory task (SDRT). Time-frequency and independent component analysis (ICA) was used to identify alpha (8-12 Hz) clusters to examine group and condition effects during the temporal profile of sustained attention and working memory processes (encoding, maintenance, retrieval), loads (low and high) and trial type (go and nogo). RESULTS Individuals with ADHD exhibited higher reaction time-variability in SDRT, and slower response times in SDRT and CPT, despite no differences in task accuracy. Although working memory load was associated with stronger alpha ERD in both tasks and both groups (ADHD, controls), we found no consistent evidence for attenuated alpha ERD in adults with ADHD, failing to replicate effects reported in children. In contrast, when looking at the whole sample, the correlations of alpha power during encoding with inattention and hyperactivity-impulsivity symptoms were significant, replicating prior findings in children with ADHD, but suggesting an alternate source for these effects in adults. CONCLUSIONS Our results corroborate the robustness of alpha as a marker of visual attention and suggest that occipital alpha ERD normalizes in adulthood, but with unique contributions of centro-occipital alpha ERD, suggesting a secondary source. This implies that deviations in processes other than previously reported visuospatial cortex engagement may account for the persistent symptoms and cognitive deficits in adults with a history of ADHD.
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Affiliation(s)
- René Freichel
- Department of Psychology, University of Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
| | - Nicolas Zink
- Semel Institute for Neuroscience and Human Behavior, University of California, Los Angeles, United States
| | - Fang Yu Chang
- Semel Institute for Neuroscience and Human Behavior, University of California, Los Angeles, United States
| | - Juan Diego Vera
- Semel Institute for Neuroscience and Human Behavior, University of California, Los Angeles, United States; Department of Psychology, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, United States
| | - Holly Truong
- Semel Institute for Neuroscience and Human Behavior, University of California, Los Angeles, United States; Department of Psychiatry and Biobehavioral Sciences, University of California, Los Angeles, United States
| | - Giorgia Michelini
- Department of Psychiatry and Biobehavioral Sciences, University of California, Los Angeles, United States; Department of Biological & Experimental Psychology, School of Biological and Behavioural Sciences, Queen Mary University of London, London, UK
| | - Sandra K Loo
- Semel Institute for Neuroscience and Human Behavior, University of California, Los Angeles, United States; Department of Psychiatry and Biobehavioral Sciences, University of California, Los Angeles, United States
| | - Agatha Lenartowicz
- Semel Institute for Neuroscience and Human Behavior, University of California, Los Angeles, United States; Department of Psychiatry and Biobehavioral Sciences, University of California, Los Angeles, United States
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Arutiunian V, Arcara G, Buyanova I, Buivolova O, Davydova E, Pereverzeva D, Sorokin A, Tyushkevich S, Mamokhina U, Danilina K, Dragoy O. Event-Related Desynchronization of MEG Alpha-Band Oscillations during Simultaneous Presentation of Audio and Visual Stimuli in Children with Autism Spectrum Disorder. Brain Sci 2023; 13:1313. [PMID: 37759914 PMCID: PMC10526124 DOI: 10.3390/brainsci13091313] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2023] [Revised: 09/07/2023] [Accepted: 09/12/2023] [Indexed: 09/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Alpha-band (8-12 Hz) event-related desynchronization (ERD) or a decrease in alpha power in electro- and magnetoencephalography (EEG and MEG) reflects the involvement of a neural tissue in information processing. It is known that most children with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) have difficulties in information processing, and, thus, investigation of alpha oscillations is of particular interest in this population. Previous studies have demonstrated alterations in this neural activity in individuals with ASD; however, little is known about alpha ERD during simultaneous presentation of auditory and visual stimuli in children with and without ASD. As alpha oscillations are intimately related to attention, and attention deficit is one of the common co-occurring conditions of ASD, we predict that children with ASD can have altered alpha ERD in one of the sensory domains. In the present study, we used MEG to investigate alpha ERD in groups of 20 children with ASD and 20 age-matched typically developing controls. Simple amplitude-modulated tones were presented together with a fixation cross appearing on the screen. The results showed that children with ASD had a bilateral reduction in alpha-band ERD in the auditory but not visual cortex. Moreover, alterations in the auditory cortex were associated with a higher presence of autistic traits measured in behavioral assessment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vardan Arutiunian
- Center for Child Health, Behavior and Development, Seattle Children’s Research Institute, 1920 Terry Ave., Seattle, WA 98101, USA
| | - Giorgio Arcara
- IRCCS San Camillo Hospital, 70 Via Alberoni, Lido, 30126 Venice, Italy;
| | - Irina Buyanova
- Center for Language and Brain, HSE University, 3 Krivokolenny Pereulok, 101000 Moscow, Russia; (I.B.); (O.B.); (O.D.)
| | - Olga Buivolova
- Center for Language and Brain, HSE University, 3 Krivokolenny Pereulok, 101000 Moscow, Russia; (I.B.); (O.B.); (O.D.)
| | - Elizaveta Davydova
- Federal Resource Center for ASD, Moscow State University of Psychology and Education, 19 Architectora Vlasova Str., 117335 Moscow, Russia; (E.D.); (D.P.); (A.S.); (S.T.); (U.M.); (K.D.)
- Chair of Differential Psychology and Psychophysiology, Moscow State University of Psychology and Education, 2A Shelepikhinaskaya Naberezhnaya, 123290 Moscow, Russia
| | - Darya Pereverzeva
- Federal Resource Center for ASD, Moscow State University of Psychology and Education, 19 Architectora Vlasova Str., 117335 Moscow, Russia; (E.D.); (D.P.); (A.S.); (S.T.); (U.M.); (K.D.)
| | - Alexander Sorokin
- Federal Resource Center for ASD, Moscow State University of Psychology and Education, 19 Architectora Vlasova Str., 117335 Moscow, Russia; (E.D.); (D.P.); (A.S.); (S.T.); (U.M.); (K.D.)
- Haskins Laboratories, 300 George St., New Haven, CT 06511, USA
| | - Svetlana Tyushkevich
- Federal Resource Center for ASD, Moscow State University of Psychology and Education, 19 Architectora Vlasova Str., 117335 Moscow, Russia; (E.D.); (D.P.); (A.S.); (S.T.); (U.M.); (K.D.)
| | - Uliana Mamokhina
- Federal Resource Center for ASD, Moscow State University of Psychology and Education, 19 Architectora Vlasova Str., 117335 Moscow, Russia; (E.D.); (D.P.); (A.S.); (S.T.); (U.M.); (K.D.)
| | - Kamilla Danilina
- Federal Resource Center for ASD, Moscow State University of Psychology and Education, 19 Architectora Vlasova Str., 117335 Moscow, Russia; (E.D.); (D.P.); (A.S.); (S.T.); (U.M.); (K.D.)
- Scientific Research and Practical Center of Pediatric Psychoneurology, 74 Michurinskiy Prospekt, 119602 Moscow, Russia
| | - Olga Dragoy
- Center for Language and Brain, HSE University, 3 Krivokolenny Pereulok, 101000 Moscow, Russia; (I.B.); (O.B.); (O.D.)
- Institute of Linguistics, Russian Academy of Sciences, 1/1 Bolshoy Kislovsky Ln, 125009 Moscow, Russia
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Cremone-Caira A, Braverman Y, MacNaughton GA, Nikolaeva JI, Faja S. Reduced Visual Evoked Potential Amplitude in Autistic Children with Co-Occurring Features of Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder. J Autism Dev Disord 2023:10.1007/s10803-023-06005-7. [PMID: 37249694 DOI: 10.1007/s10803-023-06005-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 04/21/2023] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
Provided the significant overlap in features of autism spectrum disorder (ASD) and attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD), there is a critical need to identify transdiagnostic markers that could meaningfully stratify subgroups. The objective of this study was to compare the visual evoked potential (VEP) between 30 autistic children, 17 autistic children with co-occurring ADHD presentation (ASD + ADHD), and 21 neurotypical children (NTC). Electroencephalography was recorded while children passively viewed a pattern-reversal stimulus. Mean amplitude of the P1 event-related potential was extracted from a midline occipital channel and compared between groups. P1 mean amplitude was reduced in the ASD + ADHD group compared to the ASD and NTC groups, indicating a distinct pattern of brain activity in autistic children with co-occurring ADHD features.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amanda Cremone-Caira
- Department of Psychology, Assumption University, Worcester, USA
- Division of Developmental Medicine, Boston Children's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, 2 Brookline Place, Brookline, MA, 02445, USA
| | - Yael Braverman
- Division of Developmental Medicine, Boston Children's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, 2 Brookline Place, Brookline, MA, 02445, USA
- Department of Neurology, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, USA
| | | | - Julia I Nikolaeva
- Department of Communication Sciences and Disorders, Northwestern University, Evanston, USA
| | - Susan Faja
- Division of Developmental Medicine, Boston Children's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, 2 Brookline Place, Brookline, MA, 02445, USA.
- Department of Neurology, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, USA.
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Bogéa Ribeiro L, da Silva Filho M. Systematic Review on EEG Analysis to Diagnose and Treat Autism by Evaluating Functional Connectivity and Spectral Power. Neuropsychiatr Dis Treat 2023; 19:415-424. [PMID: 36861010 PMCID: PMC9968781 DOI: 10.2147/ndt.s394363] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2022] [Accepted: 01/05/2023] [Indexed: 02/24/2023] Open
Abstract
An abnormality in neural connectivity is linked to autism spectrum disorder (ASD). There is no way to test the concept of neural connectivity empirically. According to recent network theory and time series analysis findings, electroencephalography (EEG) can assess neural network architecture, a sign of activity in the brain. This systematic review aims to evaluate functional connectivity and spectral power using EEG signals. EEG records the brain activity of an individual by displaying wavy lines that depict brain cells' communication through electrical impulses. EEG can diagnose various brain disorders, including epilepsy and related seizure illness, brain dysfunction, tumors, and damage. We found 21 studies using two of the most common EEG analysis methods: functional connectivity and spectral power. ASD and non-ASD individuals were found to differ significantly in all selected papers. Due to high heterogeneity in the outcomes, generalizations cannot be drawn, and no single method is currently beneficial as a diagnostic tool. For ASD subtype delineation, the lack of research prevented the evaluation of these techniques as diagnostic tools. These findings confirm the presence of abnormalities in the EEG in ASD, but they are insufficient to diagnose. Our study suggests that EEG is useful in diagnosing ASD by evaluating entropy in the brain. Researchers may be able to develop new diagnostic methods for ASD which focuses on particular stimuli and brainwaves if they conduct more extensive studies with higher numbers and more rigorous study designs.
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Ronald A. Editorial: Transdiagnostic research: transitory or transformative? J Child Psychol Psychiatry 2022; 63:721-723. [PMID: 35665926 DOI: 10.1111/jcpp.13644] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 05/07/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Angelica Ronald
- Department of Psychological Sciences, Birkbeck, University of London, London, UK
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Schuengel C. Learning to love the null. J Child Psychol Psychiatry 2022; 63:249-251. [PMID: 35165898 DOI: 10.1111/jcpp.13577] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 01/19/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Children's behaviour and mental health has the power to surprise us, readers and authors of the Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry and laymen alike, if not for the endless variation among people, then for the ever-changing context in which they develop. The hypothetico-deductive method in combination with null-hypothesis significance testing has turned surprise into scientific knowledge. Null effects may in themselves also be surprising and informative, but appear less well represented in the literature. This editorial highlights emerging methodological practices for studying null effects in the most informative way.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carlo Schuengel
- Educational and Family Studies, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.,Amsterdam Public Health Research Institute, Amsterdam UMC and Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
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