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Chessa MA, Picciola VM, Filippi F, Patrizi A, Misciali C, Piraccini BM, Stanganelli I, Savoia F. Eruptive Non-melanoma Skin Cancers/Squamous Atypia Following Skin Surgery. Report of Two New Cases, Concise Review of the Literature With Special Emphasis on Treatment Options. Dermatol Pract Concept 2022; 12:e2022193. [PMID: 36534538 PMCID: PMC9681231 DOI: 10.5826/dpc.1204a193] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 03/07/2022] [Indexed: 01/25/2023] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Eruptive cutaneous squamous cell carcinomas (ESCC), eruptive squamous atypia (ESA) and eruptive keratoacanthomas (EKA) are different terms used to describe the occurrence of multiple cutaneous squamous neoplasms after skin surgery, laser treatment, traumas, such as tattoos, and local or systemic medical treatments. ESCC have been reported to arise at the sites of skin surgery, including the area affected by the primary tumor and split thickness skin graft (STSG) donor and recipient sites. OBJECTIVES The aim of this study is to report 2 additional cases of ESCC after skin surgery and make a critical revision of the literature, analyzing the clinical, histological features and outcomes of ESCC after cutaneous surgery. METHODS Up to August 2021, according to our systematic review of the literature, we have collected 19 published articles and a total of 34 patients, including our 2 cases. RESULTS The results of this review highlight five red flags that clinicians should consider: (i) lower and upper limbs represent the cutaneous site with the highest risk, representing 83,78% of the cases in the literature; (ii) the median time to onset of ESCC is approximately 6 weeks; (iii) primary cutaneous squamous cell carcinomas were completely excised with free margins on histologic examination in the totality of the cases of the literature, and therefore ESCC should not be considered recurrences; (iv) any surgical technique involves a risk to promote ESCC; (v) treatment of ESCC includes medical treatment, surgery or combined surgical and medical treatment. CONCLUSIONS This review highlights 5 red flags which could support clinicians in the diagnosis and management of ESCC after skin surgery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marco Adriano Chessa
- IRCCS Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria di Bologna, Bologna, Italy,Dermatology Unit, Department of Experimental, Diagnostic and Specialty Medicine, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | | | - Federica Filippi
- IRCCS Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria di Bologna, Bologna, Italy,Dermatology Unit, Department of Experimental, Diagnostic and Specialty Medicine, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Annalisa Patrizi
- IRCCS Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria di Bologna, Bologna, Italy,Dermatology Unit, Department of Experimental, Diagnostic and Specialty Medicine, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Cosimo Misciali
- IRCCS Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria di Bologna, Bologna, Italy,Dermatology Unit, Department of Experimental, Diagnostic and Specialty Medicine, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Bianca Maria Piraccini
- IRCCS Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria di Bologna, Bologna, Italy,Dermatology Unit, Department of Experimental, Diagnostic and Specialty Medicine, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Ignazio Stanganelli
- Skin Cancer Unit, Istituto Scientifico Romagnolo per lo Studio e la Cura dei Tumori (IRST) IRCCS, Meldola, Italy
| | - Francesco Savoia
- Skin Cancer Unit, Istituto Scientifico Romagnolo per lo Studio e la Cura dei Tumori (IRST) IRCCS, Meldola, Italy
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2
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Anaba EL. Comparative study of cutaneous melanoma and its associated issues between people of African decent and Caucasians. Dermatol Ther 2021; 34:e14790. [PMID: 33480165 DOI: 10.1111/dth.14790] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2020] [Revised: 12/16/2020] [Accepted: 01/17/2021] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Cutaneous melanoma is uncommon in people of African descent unlike their Caucasian counterparts. This rarity of cutaneous melanoma in people of African descent makes studies in this group difficult. In the few studies that are available, several differences exist in the incidence, disease severity, course of the disease, treatment modalities and survival rates between these two groups. Observed difference in cutaneous melanoma between people of African descent and Caucasians include; a higher incidence and better prognosis in Caucasians, a low awareness of melanoma, no definite risk factors, presentation with advanced disease, poor melanoma specific survival in people of African descent. Other differences are a better UV-induced DNA damage recovery, acral as opposed to truncal melanoma, female preponderance and lack of preventive measures in people of African descent.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ehiaghe L Anaba
- Department of Medicine, Lagos State University Teaching Hospital, Lagos, Nigeria
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Trop2 inhibition of P16 expression and the cell cycle promotes intracellular calcium release in OSCC. Int J Biol Macromol 2020; 164:2409-2417. [PMID: 32768481 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2020.07.234] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2020] [Revised: 07/22/2020] [Accepted: 07/22/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Trop2 is an intracellular calcium signal transducer and a prognostic biomarker in many cancers. P16 is a cell cycle gene that negatively regulates cell proliferation and division in most human cancers. Oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) is a common malignant tumor subgroup of head and neck squamous cell carcinoma worldwide. Both Ca2+-dependent and cell cycle signaling pathways play vital roles in OSCC, although the molecular mechanisms remain to be elucidated. We aimed to examine the function of Trop2 and P16 in regulating intracellular calcium ions and the cell cycle in OSCC cell lines. Furtherly, the mRNA and protein expression levels of Trop2 and P16 in OSCC tissue samples were assessed, and their function was evaluated as potential clinical prognostic biomarkers. Trop2 promoted intracellular calcium ion release in OSCC and induced S phase of the cell cycle. Moreover, Trop2-mediated Ca2+ inhibited P16 expression through the AMP-activated protein kinase pathway in OSCC. Interestingly, P16 overexpression could not reverse these phenomena in vitro. We also demonstrated that human OSCC tissues showed high Trop2 mRNA and protein expression, and Trop2+/P16- expression is an independent prognostic marker for OSCC patients. Our data suggest that Trop2+/P16- may be a valuable prognostic marker for OSCC and that Trop2 inhibits P16 expression and induces S phase by promoting intracellular calcium release in OSCC.
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Arefin S, Buchanan S, Hobson S, Steinmetz J, Alsalhi S, Shiels PG, Kublickiene K, Stenvinkel P. Nrf2 in early vascular ageing: Calcification, senescence and therapy. Clin Chim Acta 2020; 505:108-118. [PMID: 32097628 DOI: 10.1016/j.cca.2020.02.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2019] [Revised: 02/19/2020] [Accepted: 02/20/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Under normal physiological conditions, free radical generation and antioxidant defences are balanced, and reactive oxygen species (ROS) usually act as secondary messengers in a plethora of biological processes. However, when this balance is impaired, oxidative stress develops due to imbalanced redox homeostasis resulting in cellular damage. Oxidative stress is now recognized as a trigger of cellular senescence, which is associated with multiple chronic 'burden of lifestyle' diseases, including atherosclerosis, type-2 diabetes, chronic kidney disease and vascular calcification; all of which possess signs of early vascular ageing. Nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 (Nrf2), termed the master regulator of antioxidant responses, is a transcription factor found to be frequently dysregulated in conditions characterized by oxidative stress and inflammation. Recent evidence suggests that activation of Nrf2 may be beneficial in protecting against vascular senescence and calcification. Both natural and synthetic Nrf2 agonists have been introduced as promising drug classes in different phases of clinical trials. However, overexpression of the Nrf2 pathway has also been linked to tumorigenesis, which highlights the requirement for further understanding of pathways involving Nrf2 activity, especially in the context of cellular senescence and vascular calcification. Therefore, comprehensive translational pre-clinical and clinical studies addressing the targeting capabilities of Nrf2 agonists are urgently required. The present review discusses the impact of Nrf2 in senescence and calcification in early vascular ageing, with focus on the potential clinical implications of Nrf2 agonists and non-pharmacological Nrf2 therapeutics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samsul Arefin
- Division of Renal Medicine, Department of Clinical Science, Karolinska University Hospital, 14186 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Sarah Buchanan
- Institute of Cancer Sciences, Wolfson Wohl CRC, ICS, MVLS, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK
| | - Sam Hobson
- Division of Renal Medicine, Department of Clinical Science, Karolinska University Hospital, 14186 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Julia Steinmetz
- Rheumatology Unit, Dep. of Medicine, Solna, Karolinska Institutet, Karolinska University Hospital, SE-171 76 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Shno Alsalhi
- Division of Renal Medicine, Department of Clinical Science, Karolinska University Hospital, 14186 Stockholm, Sweden; Research Center, Salahaddin University-Erbil, 44001 Erbil, Kurdistan-Region, Iraq
| | - Paul G Shiels
- Institute of Cancer Sciences, Wolfson Wohl CRC, ICS, MVLS, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK
| | - Karolina Kublickiene
- Division of Renal Medicine, Department of Clinical Science, Karolinska University Hospital, 14186 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Peter Stenvinkel
- Division of Renal Medicine, Department of Clinical Science, Karolinska University Hospital, 14186 Stockholm, Sweden.
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Tatu AL, Elisei AM, Chioncel V, Miulescu M, Nwabudike LC. Immunologic adverse reactions of β-blockers and the skin. Exp Ther Med 2019; 18:955-959. [PMID: 31384329 PMCID: PMC6639944 DOI: 10.3892/etm.2019.7504] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2018] [Accepted: 11/16/2018] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
β-Blockers are a widely utilised class of medication. They have been in use for a variety of systemic disorders including hypertension, heart failure and intention tremors. Their use in dermatology has garnered growing interest with the discovery of their therapeutic effects in the treatment of haemangiomas, their potential positive effects in wound healing, Kaposi sarcoma, melanoma and pyogenic granuloma, and, more recently, pemphigus. Since β-blockers are deployed in a variety of disorders, which have cutaneous co-morbidities such as psoriasis, their pertinence to dermatologists cannot be overstated. Likewise, β-blockers, like any other drug category, carry risks of side effects, some of which are dermatologic. These include triggering and exacerbation of psoriasis, psoriatic and rheumatoid arthritis, anaphylaxis, contact dermatitis, occupational contact dermatitis, Raynaud's disease, alopecia, lichen planus-like drug eruption, hyperhydrosis and vitiligo. While recent articles have focussed on the positive uses of β-blockers, it may also be wise to call our attention to the potential dermatologic adverse effects that may follow β-blocker use, as well as possible therapeutic approaches to these. This short review will focus on those dermatoses resulting from β-blocker use, which have an immunologic basis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alin Laurentiu Tatu
- Medical and Pharmaceutical Research Unit/Competitive, Interdisciplinary Research Integrated Platform 'Dunărea de Jos', ReForm-UDJG; Research Centre in the Field of Medical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Pharmacy, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, 'Dunărea de Jos' University of Galați, 800010 Galati, Romania
| | - Alina Mihaela Elisei
- Medical and Pharmaceutical Research Unit/Competitive, Interdisciplinary Research Integrated Platform 'Dunărea de Jos', ReForm-UDJG; Research Centre in the Field of Medical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Pharmacy, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, 'Dunărea de Jos' University of Galați, 800010 Galati, Romania
| | - Valentin Chioncel
- Department of Cardio-Thoracic Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, 'Carol Davila' University of Medicine and Phamacy, 050474 Bucharest, Romania
| | - Magdalena Miulescu
- Department of Morphological and Functional Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Pharmacy, 'Dunarea de Jos University' of Galati, 800010 Galati, Romania
| | - Lawrence Chukwudi Nwabudike
- Department of Diabetic Foot Care, 'Prof. N. Paulescu' National Institute of Diabetes, 011233 Bucharest, Romania
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6
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Mihăilă B, Dinică RM, Tatu AL, Buzia OD. New insights in vitiligo treatments using bioactive compounds from Piper nigrum. Exp Ther Med 2019; 17:1039-1044. [PMID: 30679971 PMCID: PMC6327422 DOI: 10.3892/etm.2018.6977] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2018] [Accepted: 09/24/2018] [Indexed: 12/01/2022] Open
Abstract
Although vitiligo is one of the most frequently occurring depigmentary disorder, its pathophysiology is still not fully clarified, resulting in the incapacity to find a targeted cure. Most of the treatment options available at the time have an anti-inflammatory or immunosuppressive effect, influencing the immune factor in vitiligo but without having a direct effect on melanocyte differentiation, migration or proliferation. This study shows that Piper nigrum (PN) extract and its main alkaloid, piperine, promote melanocyte proliferation in vivo, being consistent with previous study. A PN fruit extract and pure piperine were integrated in two different ointments and tested on human subjects affected by vitiligo. A number of 9 areas were treated: 3 using the extract, 3 using pure piperine, 1 using travoprost solution, and 2 using an association of travoprost (prostaglandin F2α analogue) solution and our products. Pigmentation was achieved in all the treated areas. The extract caused faster and more remarkable results than the pure piperine. The association of the travoprost solution speed up the process and changed the pigmentation pattern, especially when associated with the PN extract. Our early studies suggest that PN extract may represent, in the future, a new treatment option for vitiligo, especially considering the mild side effects of the tested products and the reduced amount of time needed for repigmentation. However, more studies are needed to validate this experimental data.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Rodica Mihaela Dinică
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Sciences and Environment, ‘Dunărea de Jos’ University of Galați, 800201 Galați, Romania
| | - Alin Laurențiu Tatu
- Medical and Pharmaceutical Research Unit/Competitive, Interdisciplinary Research Integrated Platform ‘Dunărea de Jos’, ReForm-UDJG; ‘Research Centre in the Field of Medical and Pharmaceutical Sciences’, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Pharmacy/Pharmacology Sciences, ‘Dunărea de Jos’ University of Galați, Galați 800101, Romania
| | - Olimpia Dumitriu Buzia
- Medical and Pharmaceutical Research Unit, ‘Research Centre in the Field of Medical and Pharmaceutical Sciences’, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Pharmacy/Pharmacology Sciences, ‘Dunărea de Jos’ University of Galați, Galați 800101, Romania
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7
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Nwabudike LC, Tatu AL. Reply to Gambichler T et al.: Altered epigenetic pathways and cell cycle dysregulation in healthy appearing skin of patients with koebnerized squamous cell carcinomas following skin surgery. J Eur Acad Dermatol Venereol 2018; 33:e3-e4. [PMID: 29797668 DOI: 10.1111/jdv.15084] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | - A L Tatu
- Medical and Pharmaceutical Research Unit/Competitive, Interdisciplinary Research Integrated Platform "Dunărea de Jos", ReForm-UDJG, Dermatology, Faculty of Medicine and Pharmacy, Pharmacology Sciences Department, University "Dunarea de Jos", Galati, Romania
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8
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Gambichler T, Schmitz L. Response: field cancerization and koebnerized skin tumours. J Eur Acad Dermatol Venereol 2018; 33:e4-e5. [PMID: 29797674 DOI: 10.1111/jdv.15086] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- T Gambichler
- Skin Cancer Center, Department of Dermatology, Ruhr-University Bochum, Bochum, Germany
| | - L Schmitz
- Skin Cancer Center, Department of Dermatology, Ruhr-University Bochum, Bochum, Germany
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