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An Epidemiological Update on Indoor Tanning and the Risk of Skin Cancers. Curr Oncol 2022; 29:8886-8903. [PMID: 36421352 PMCID: PMC9689757 DOI: 10.3390/curroncol29110699] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2022] [Revised: 11/10/2022] [Accepted: 11/15/2022] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Indoor tanning (sunbeds, solarium) uses artificial ultraviolet radiation (UVR) to stimulate cosmetic tanning of the skin. Indoor tanning has been officially classified as a human carcinogen in 2009 by the International Agency for Research on Cancer of the World Health Organization (WHO). The differences in the prevalence of sunbed use across countries and over the years highlight underlying legislative, climatic, and cultural differences. Indoor tanning-seeking behaviors may be driven by motivations for an appealing appearance, largely influenced by gender and age, and several misconceptions that a prevacation tan safeguards the skin, that sunbeds can be used to treat acne or to increase vitamin D, or that tanning is a healthy habit. This review provides an epidemiological update on the prevalence of sunbed use, who tends to use sunbeds and why, and details the current evidence on the association of sunbeds with skin cancers, including cutaneous melanoma, basal cell carcinoma (BCC), and cutaneous squamous cell carcinoma (cSCC). A statistically significant higher risk of cutaneous melanoma, BCC and cSCC with the use of sunbeds has been consistently demonstrated. This risk of skin cancer is even higher with the more frequent use of sunbeds, underscoring a dose-response relationship, and in those first exposed to sunbeds at a younger age. Preventive measures against sunbed use include legislation restricting sunbed use, educational campaigns to inform and discourage from indoor tanning, as well as using the internet, online advertising messages and the social media to reach larger audiences and to promote an untanned appearance.
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Perez M, Abisaad JA, Rojas KD, Marchetti MA, Jaimes N. Skin Cancer: Primary, Secondary, and Tertiary Prevention. Part I. J Am Acad Dermatol 2022; 87:255-268. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jaad.2021.12.066] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2021] [Revised: 12/03/2021] [Accepted: 12/15/2021] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
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Chessa MA, Iorizzo M, Richert B, López-Estebaranz JL, Rigopoulos D, Tosti A, Gupta AK, Di Chiacchio N, Di Chiacchio NG, Rubin AI, Baran R, Lipner SR, Daniel R, Chiheb S, Grover C, Starace M, Piraccini BM. Pathogenesis, Clinical Signs and Treatment Recommendations in Brittle Nails: A Review. Dermatol Ther (Heidelb) 2020; 10:15-27. [PMID: 31749091 PMCID: PMC6994568 DOI: 10.1007/s13555-019-00338-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Nail plate brittleness (or fragility) is a common complaint affecting up to 20% of the population, especially women over 50 years of age, with fingernail fragility being more prevalent than toenail fragility. Nail brittleness is characterized by nails that split, flake and crumble, become soft and lose elasticity. The main clinical presentations are: onychoschizia, onychorrhexis, superficial granulation of keratin and worn-down nails. According to causative factors, we can distinguish 2 forms of nail fragility (NF): a primary "idiopathic or brittle nail syndrome" form and NF secondary to different causes such as inflammatory nail disorders, infections, systemic diseases and general conditions, traumas and alteration of the nail hydration. Optimal management requires treatment of the primary cause of brittle nails, when possible. In idiopathic NF oral supplementation, vitamins (especially biotin, also known as vitamin B7), trace elements and amino acids (especially cysteine) have been reported to be useful. In addition, several products, such as topical moisturizers and lacquers could be considered to restructure the affected nail plate and to reduce psychological impacts of this common problem.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marco A Chessa
- Dermatology Unit, Department of Experimental, Diagnostic and Specialty Medicine, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy.
| | - Matilde Iorizzo
- Private Dermatology Practice, Bellinzona/Lugano, Switzerland
| | - Bertrand Richert
- Saint Pierre - Brugmann and Queen Fabiola Children's University Hospitals, Université Libre de Bruxelles, Brussels, Belgium
| | | | - Dimitrios Rigopoulos
- Department of Dermatology, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, "A. Sygros" Hospital, Athens, Greece
| | - Antonella Tosti
- Department of Dermatology and Cutaneous Surgery, Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami, Miami, FL, USA
| | - Aditya K Gupta
- Department of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
- Canada and Mediprobe Research Inc., London, ON, Canada
| | - Nilton Di Chiacchio
- Dermatology Clinic - Hospital do Servidor Público Municipal de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Nilton G Di Chiacchio
- Dermatology Clinic - Hospital do Servidor Público Municipal de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
- Dermatology Discipline - Faculade de Medicina do ABC, Santo André, Brazil
| | - Adam I Rubin
- Department of Dermatology, Hospital of the University of Pennsylvania, and Section of Dermatology, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | | | - Shari R Lipner
- Department of Dermatology, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY, USA
| | - Ralph Daniel
- University of Mississippi, Medical Center, University of Alabama, Birmingham, AL, USA
| | - Soumya Chiheb
- Faculty of Medicine and Pharmacy, University Hassan II, Casablanca, Morocco
| | - Chander Grover
- University College of Medical Sciences and Guru Teg Bahadur Hospital, Delhi, India
| | - Michela Starace
- Dermatology Unit, Department of Experimental, Diagnostic and Specialty Medicine, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Bianca M Piraccini
- Dermatology Unit, Department of Experimental, Diagnostic and Specialty Medicine, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
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