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Groot AT, Blankers T, Halfwerk W, Burdfield Steel E. The Evolutionary Importance of Intraspecific Variation in Sexual Communication Across Sensory Modalities. ANNUAL REVIEW OF ENTOMOLOGY 2024; 69:21-40. [PMID: 37562048 DOI: 10.1146/annurev-ento-030223-111608] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/12/2023]
Abstract
The evolution of sexual communication is critically important in the diversity of arthropods, which are declining at a fast pace worldwide. Their environments are rapidly changing, with increasing chemical, acoustic, and light pollution. To predict how arthropod species will respond to changing climates, habitats, and communities, we need to understand how sexual communication systems can evolve. In the past decades, intraspecific variation in sexual signals and responses across different modalities has been identified, but never in a comparative way. In this review, we identify and compare the level and extent of intraspecific variation in sexual signals and responses across three different modalities, chemical, acoustic, and visual, focusing mostly on insects. By comparing causes and possible consequences of intraspecific variation in sexual communication among these modalities, we identify shared and unique patterns, as well as knowledge needed to predict the evolution of sexual communication systems in arthropods in a changing world.
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Affiliation(s)
- Astrid T Groot
- Institute for Biodiversity and Ecosystem Dynamics, University of Amsterdam, Netherlands; , ,
| | - Thomas Blankers
- Institute for Biodiversity and Ecosystem Dynamics, University of Amsterdam, Netherlands; , ,
| | - Wouter Halfwerk
- Amsterdam Institute for Life and Environment (A-LIFE), VU Amsterdam, Netherlands;
| | - Emily Burdfield Steel
- Institute for Biodiversity and Ecosystem Dynamics, University of Amsterdam, Netherlands; , ,
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2
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Fry JD. A reexamination of theoretical arguments that indirect selection on mate preference is likely to be weaker than direct selection. Evol Lett 2022; 6:110-117. [PMID: 35386835 PMCID: PMC8966468 DOI: 10.1002/evl3.276] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2021] [Revised: 01/15/2022] [Accepted: 01/18/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Female preference for male ornaments or displays can evolve by indirect selection resulting from genetic benefits of mate choices, or by direct selection resulting from nongenetic benefits or selection on sensory systems occurring in other contexts. In an influential paper, Kirkpatrick and Barton used a good-genes model and evolutionary rates estimated from the fossil record to conclude that indirect selection on preference is likely to be weak compared to typical strengths of direct selection. More recent authors have extrapolated from Kirkpatrick and Barton's conclusions to suggest that the presence of preference-trait genetic correlations in equations for indirect but not direct selection gives a purely theoretical basis to the conclusion that the former is likely to be weaker than the latter. Here, I challenge these views, and argue that the relative importance of direct and indirect selection on preference is an empirical issue that defies simple generalizations. First, I show that Kirkpatrick and Barton based their conclusion on a questionable claim about typical rates of evolution due to direct selection. Second, I argue that claiming that direct selection on preference is stronger than indirect selection because only equations for the latter contain a genetic correlation mistakes the mathematical simplicity with which direct selection is usually represented for evidence regarding its magnitude. By comparing a simple equation for the selection response of preference caused by somatic ("direct") benefits to Kirkpatrick and Barton's result for the response to indirect selection, I show that indirect selection on preference is not inherently weaker than direct selection. I also point out an important but overlooked reason why selection on preference under the sensory bias hypothesis can be expected to be less effective in the long run than that from either somatic or genetic benefits of mate choices.
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Affiliation(s)
- James D. Fry
- Department of BiologyUniversity of RochesterRochesterNew York14627
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Vellnow N, Schindler S, Schmoll T. Genotype-by-environment interactions for precopulatory mate guarding in a lek-mating insect. Ecol Evol 2020; 10:12138-12146. [PMID: 33209276 PMCID: PMC7663981 DOI: 10.1002/ece3.6841] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2020] [Revised: 08/21/2020] [Accepted: 08/25/2020] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
In sexually reproducing species, males often experience strong pre- and postcopulatory sexual selection leading to a wide variety of male adaptations. One example is mate guarding, where males prevent females from mating with other males either before or after they (will) have mated themselves. In case social conditions vary short term and in an unpredictable manner and if there is genetic variation in plasticity of mate guarding (i.e., genotype-by-environment interaction, G × E), adaptive behavioral plasticity in mate guarding may evolve. Here, we test for genetic variation in the plasticity of precopulatory mate-guarding behavior in the lek-mating lesser wax moth Achroia grisella. When offered two females in rapid succession, virgin males of this species usually copulate around 10-20 min with the first female. With the second female, however, they engage in copulation posture for many hours until they have produced another spermatophore, an unusual behavior among insects possibly functioning as precopulatory mate guarding. Previous studies showed the mating latency with the second female to be shorter under higher perceived sperm competition risk. We accordingly measured the mate-guarding behavior of males from six inbred lines under either elevated perceived male-male competition risk or under control conditions allowing us to test for G × E interactions. We found significant inbred line-by-competitor treatment interactions on mating latency and copulation duration with the second female suggesting genetic variation in the degree of behavioral plasticity. However, we found no significant G × E interaction on the sum of mating latency and copulation duration. Our results suggest a potential for adaptive evolution of mate-guarding plasticity in natural populations of lek-mating species. Future studies using selection experiments and experimental evolution approaches in laboratory populations, or comparisons of multiple natural populations will be helpful to study under which conditions plasticity in male mate-guarding behavior evolves.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Tim Schmoll
- Evolutionary BiologyBielefeld UniversityBielefeldGermany
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Quantitative Genetic Mapping and Genome Assembly in the Lesser Wax Moth Achroia grisella. G3-GENES GENOMES GENETICS 2019; 9:2349-2361. [PMID: 31101652 PMCID: PMC6643890 DOI: 10.1534/g3.119.400090] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
Specific characteristics of the male Achroia grisella acoustic mating signal determine a male’s attractiveness toward females. These features are genetically variable in populations, and mapping experiments have been used to identify loci contributing to song variation, and understand the evolutionary forces acting on this important sexual trait. Here we built on this foundation and carried out QTL (Quantitative Trait Locus) mapping using >1,000 recombinant individuals, genotyping this large cohort at thousands of sequence-based markers covering the entire collection of 30 A. grisella chromosomes. This dense marker set, coupled with our development of an annotated, draft genome of A. grisella, allowed us to link >3,000 genome scaffolds, >10,000 predicted genes, and close to 275Mb of genome sequence to chromosomes. Our QTL mapping confirmed a fraction of the QTL identified in a previous study, and additionally revealed novel loci. Collectively, QTL explained only small fractions of the phenotypic variance, suggesting many more causative factors remain below the detection threshold of our study. A surprising, and ultimately challenging feature of our study was the low level of intrachromosomal recombination present in our mapping population. This led to difficulty ordering markers along linkage groups, necessitating a chromosome-by-chromosome mapping approach, rather than true interval mapping, and precluded confident ordering/orienting of scaffolds along each chromosome. Nonetheless, our study increased the genomic resources available for the A. grisella system. Enabled by ever more powerful technologies, future investigators will be able to leverage our data to provide more detailed genetic dissection of male song variation in A. grisella.
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Leblois R, Gautier M, Rohfritsch A, Foucaud J, Burban C, Galan M, Loiseau A, Sauné L, Branco M, Gharbi K, Vitalis R, Kerdelhué C. Deciphering the demographic history of allochronic differentiation in the pine processionary moth Thaumetopoea pityocampa. Mol Ecol 2017; 27:264-278. [DOI: 10.1111/mec.14411] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2017] [Revised: 10/17/2017] [Accepted: 10/25/2017] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- R. Leblois
- CBGP, INRA, CIRAD, IRD, Montpellier SupAgro, Univ. Montpellier; Montferrier sur Lez Cedex France
- Institut de Biologie Computationnelle (IBC); Université de Montpellier; Montpellier France
| | - M. Gautier
- CBGP, INRA, CIRAD, IRD, Montpellier SupAgro, Univ. Montpellier; Montferrier sur Lez Cedex France
- Institut de Biologie Computationnelle (IBC); Université de Montpellier; Montpellier France
| | - A. Rohfritsch
- CBGP, INRA, CIRAD, IRD, Montpellier SupAgro, Univ. Montpellier; Montferrier sur Lez Cedex France
| | - J. Foucaud
- CBGP, INRA, CIRAD, IRD, Montpellier SupAgro, Univ. Montpellier; Montferrier sur Lez Cedex France
| | - C. Burban
- INRA, UMR1202 BIOGECO (INRA - Université de Bordeaux); Cestas Cedex France
| | - M. Galan
- CBGP, INRA, CIRAD, IRD, Montpellier SupAgro, Univ. Montpellier; Montferrier sur Lez Cedex France
| | - A. Loiseau
- CBGP, INRA, CIRAD, IRD, Montpellier SupAgro, Univ. Montpellier; Montferrier sur Lez Cedex France
| | - L. Sauné
- CBGP, INRA, CIRAD, IRD, Montpellier SupAgro, Univ. Montpellier; Montferrier sur Lez Cedex France
| | - M. Branco
- Centro de Estudos Florestais (CEF); Instituto Superior de Agronomia (ISA); University of Lisbon; Lisbon Portugal
| | - K. Gharbi
- Edinburgh Genomics; School of Biological Sciences; University of Edinburgh; Edinburgh UK
| | - R. Vitalis
- CBGP, INRA, CIRAD, IRD, Montpellier SupAgro, Univ. Montpellier; Montferrier sur Lez Cedex France
- Institut de Biologie Computationnelle (IBC); Université de Montpellier; Montpellier France
| | - C. Kerdelhué
- CBGP, INRA, CIRAD, IRD, Montpellier SupAgro, Univ. Montpellier; Montferrier sur Lez Cedex France
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Reid A, Marin-Cudraz T, Windmill JFC, Greenfield MD. Evolution of directional hearing in moths via conversion of bat detection devices to asymmetric pressure gradient receivers. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2016; 113:E7740-E7748. [PMID: 27849607 PMCID: PMC5137745 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.1615691113] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Small animals typically localize sound sources by means of complex internal connections and baffles that effectively increase time or intensity differences between the two ears. However, some miniature acoustic species achieve directional hearing without such devices, indicating that other mechanisms have evolved. Using 3D laser vibrometry to measure tympanum deflection, we show that female lesser waxmoths (Achroia grisella) can orient toward the 100-kHz male song, because each ear functions independently as an asymmetric pressure gradient receiver that responds sharply to high-frequency sound arriving from an azimuth angle 30° contralateral to the animal's midline. We found that females presented with a song stimulus while running on a locomotion compensation sphere follow a trajectory 20°-40° to the left or right of the stimulus heading but not directly toward it, movement consistent with the tympanum deflections and suggestive of a monaural mechanism of auditory tracking. Moreover, females losing their track typically regain it by auditory scanning-sudden, wide deviations in their heading-and females initially facing away from the stimulus quickly change their general heading toward it, orientation indicating superior ability to resolve the front-rear ambiguity in source location. X-ray computer-aided tomography (CT) scans of the moths did not reveal any internal coupling between the two ears, confirming that an acoustic insect can localize a sound source based solely on the distinct features of each ear.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrew Reid
- Centre for Ultrasonic Engineering, Department of Electronic and Electrical Engineering, University of Strathclyde, Glasgow G1 1XW, United Kingdom;
| | - Thibaut Marin-Cudraz
- Institut de recherche sur la biologie de l'insecte, CNRS UMR 7261, Université François Rabelais de Tours, 37200 Tours, France
| | - James F C Windmill
- Centre for Ultrasonic Engineering, Department of Electronic and Electrical Engineering, University of Strathclyde, Glasgow G1 1XW, United Kingdom
| | - Michael D Greenfield
- Institut de recherche sur la biologie de l'insecte, CNRS UMR 7261, Université François Rabelais de Tours, 37200 Tours, France
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Gleason JM, Zhou Y, Hackett JL, Harris BR, Greenfield MD. Development of a Genomic Resource and Quantitative Trait Loci Mapping of Male Calling Traits in the Lesser Wax Moth, Achroia grisella. PLoS One 2016; 11:e0147014. [PMID: 26807910 PMCID: PMC4726463 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0147014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2015] [Accepted: 12/28/2015] [Indexed: 01/26/2023] Open
Abstract
In the study of sexual selection among insects, the Lesser Waxmoth, Achroia grisella (Lepidoptera: Pyralidae), has been one of the more intensively studied species over the past 20 years. Studies have focused on how the male calling song functions in pair formation and on the quantitative genetics of male song characters and female preference for the song. Recent QTL studies have attempted to elucidate the genetic architecture of male song and female preference traits using AFLP markers. We continued these QTL studies using SNP markers derived from an EST library that allowed us to measure both DNA sequence variation and map loci with respect to the lepidopteran genome. We report that the level of sequence variation within A. grisella is typical among other Lepidoptera that have been examined, and that comparison with the Bombyx mori genome shows that macrosynteny is conserved. Our QTL map shows that a QTL for a male song trait, pulse-pair rate, is situated on the Z chromosome, a prediction for sexually selected traits in Lepidoptera. Our findings will be useful for future studies of genetic architecture of this model species and may help identify the genetics associated with the evolution of its novel acoustic communication.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jennifer M. Gleason
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, University of Kansas, Lawrence, Kansas, United States of America
| | - Yihong Zhou
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, University of Kansas, Lawrence, Kansas, United States of America
| | - Jennifer L. Hackett
- Department of Molecular Biosciences, University of Kansas, Lawrence, Kansas, United States of America
| | - Bethany R. Harris
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, University of Kansas, Lawrence, Kansas, United States of America
| | - Michael D. Greenfield
- Institut de recherche sur la biologie de l'insecte (IRBI), CNRS UMR 7261,Université François Rabelais de Tours, Tours, France
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9
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Nakano R, Ihara F, Mishiro K, Toyama M, Toda S. Double meaning of courtship song in a moth. Proc Biol Sci 2015; 281:20140840. [PMID: 25009064 DOI: 10.1098/rspb.2014.0840] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Males use courtship signals to inform a conspecific female of their presence and/or quality, or, alternatively, to 'cheat' females by imitating the cues of a prey or predator. These signals have the single function of advertising for mating. Here, we show the dual functions of the courtship song in the yellow peach moth, Conogethes punctiferalis, whose males generate a series of short pulses and a subsequent long pulse in a song bout. Repulsive short pulses mimic the echolocation calls of sympatric horseshoe bats and disrupt the approach of male rivals to a female. The attractive long pulse does not mimic bat calls and specifically induces mate acceptance in the female, who raises her wings to facilitate copulation. These results demonstrate that moths can evolve both attractive acoustic signals and repulsive ones from cues that were originally used to identify predators and non-predators, because the bat-like sounds disrupt rivals, and also support a hypothesis of signal evolution via receiver bias in moth acoustic communication that was driven by the initial evolution of hearing to perceive echolocating bat predators.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ryo Nakano
- Breeding and Pest Management Division, Institute of Fruit Tree Science, National Agriculture and Food Research Organization, 2-1 Fujimoto, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8605, Japan
| | - Fumio Ihara
- Breeding and Pest Management Division, Institute of Fruit Tree Science, National Agriculture and Food Research Organization, 2-1 Fujimoto, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8605, Japan
| | - Koji Mishiro
- Breeding and Pest Management Division, Institute of Fruit Tree Science, National Agriculture and Food Research Organization, 2-1 Fujimoto, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8605, Japan
| | - Masatoshi Toyama
- Grape and Persimmon Research Division, Institute of Fruit Tree Science, National Agriculture and Food Research Organization, 301-2 Mitsu, Akitsu, Higashi-hiroshima, Hiroshima 739-2494, Japan
| | - Satoshi Toda
- Breeding and Pest Management Division, Institute of Fruit Tree Science, National Agriculture and Food Research Organization, 2-1 Fujimoto, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8605, Japan
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Fowler-Finn KD, Rodríguez RL. The causes of variation in the presence of genetic covariance between sexual traits and preferences. Biol Rev Camb Philos Soc 2015; 91:498-510. [PMID: 25808899 DOI: 10.1111/brv.12182] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2014] [Revised: 02/12/2015] [Accepted: 03/03/2015] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
Mating traits and mate preferences often show patterns of tight correspondence across populations and species. These patterns of apparent coevolution may result from a genetic association between traits and preferences (i.e. trait-preference genetic covariance). We review the literature on trait-preference covariance to determine its prevalence and potential biological relevance. Of the 43 studies we identified, a surprising 63% detected covariance. We test multiple hypotheses for factors that may influence the likelihood of detecting this covariance. The main predictor was the presence of genetic variation in mate preferences, which is one of the three main conditions required for the establishment of covariance. In fact, 89% of the nine studies where heritability of preference was high detected covariance. Variables pertaining to the experimental methods and type of traits involved in different studies did not greatly influence the detection of trait-preference covariance. Trait-preference genetic covariance appears to be widespread and therefore represents an important and currently underappreciated factor in the coevolution of traits and preferences.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kasey D Fowler-Finn
- Department of Biology, Saint Louis University, Macelwane Hall, 3507 Laclede Ave., Saint Louis, MO 63103-2010, U.S.A
| | - Rafael L Rodríguez
- Behavioral and Molecular Ecology Group, Department of Biological Sciences, University of Wisconsin-Milwaukee, Lapham Hall, 3209 N. Maryland Ave., Milwaukee, WI 53201, U.S.A
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Genetic dissection of a genomic region with pleiotropic effects on domestication traits in maize reveals multiple linked QTL. Genetics 2014; 198:345-53. [PMID: 24950893 DOI: 10.1534/genetics.114.165845] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
The domesticated crop maize and its wild progenitor, teosinte, have been used in numerous experiments to investigate the nature of divergent morphologies. This study examines a poorly understood region on the fifth chromosome of maize associated with a number of traits under selection during domestication, using a quantitative trait locus (QTL) mapping population specific to the fifth chromosome. In contrast with other major domestication loci in maize where large-effect, highly pleiotropic, single genes are responsible for phenotypic effects, our study found the region on chromosome five fractionates into multiple-QTL regions, none with singularly large effects. The smallest 1.5-LOD support interval for a QTL contained 54 genes, one of which was a MADS MIKC(C) transcription factor, a family of proteins implicated in many developmental programs. We also used simulated trait data sets to investigate the power of our mapping population to identify QTL for which there is a single underlying causal gene. This analysis showed that while QTL for traits controlled by single genes can be accurately mapped, our population design can detect no more than ∼4.5 QTL per trait even when there are 100 causal genes. Thus when a trait is controlled by ≥5 genes in the simulated data, the number of detected QTL can represent a simplification of the underlying causative factors. Our results show how a QTL region with effects on several domestication traits may be due to multiple linked QTL of small effect as opposed to a single gene with large and pleiotropic effects.
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