1
|
Zattera ACA, Morganti FA, de Souza Balbinot G, Della Bona A, Collares FM. The influence of filler load in 3D printing resin-based composites. Dent Mater 2024:S0109-5641(24)00120-9. [PMID: 38763819 DOI: 10.1016/j.dental.2024.05.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2024] [Revised: 05/06/2024] [Accepted: 05/13/2024] [Indexed: 05/21/2024]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To evaluate the influence of the barium glass (BG) filler in 3D printing resin-based composites for restorative structures. METHODS Experimental 3D printing resin-based composites were formulated with UDMA 70%wt, Bis-EMA 20%wt, and TEGDMA 10%wt. Photoinitiators TPO and DFI (2%wt) were used. BG was incorporated at 40%wt and 50%wt. 0%wt BG was used as negative control and the VarseoSmile Crownplus (Bego) was used as a commercial control. Specimens were printed using a 3D printer. Subsequently, specimens were washed and submitted to post-curing with 405 nm at 60ºC for 2 × 20 min at FormCure (FormLabs). 3D printing resin-based composites were evaluated by flexural strength, degree of conversion, softening in solvent, radiopacity, and cytotoxicity against gingival fibroblasts. Data were statistically analyzed using one-way ANOVA (α = 0.05). RESULTS No significant differences in flexural strength were showed between BG40% (90.5 ± 5,4 MPa), BG50% (102.0 ± 11.7 MPa) and VA (105.2 ± 11.7 MPa). Addition of 40% and 50% of BG showed no influence in the degree of conversion compared to VA (p > 0.05). All groups showed softening in solvent after immersion in ethanol (p < 0.05). All groups showed more than 1mmAl of radiopacity. BG50% showed significantly higher radiopacity (2.8 ± 0.3 mmAl) than other groups (p < 0,05). Cytotoxicity evaluation showed gingival cell viability higher than 80% for all groups. SIGNIFICANCE Addition of up to 50%wt of barium glass in experimental 3D printing resin-based composites showed promising results for long-term restorative structures.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ana Cristina Andrioli Zattera
- Graduate student, Department of Dental Materials, School of Dentistry, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | - Francisco Amaro Morganti
- Graduate student, Department of Dental Materials, School of Dentistry, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | - Gabriela de Souza Balbinot
- Adjunct Professor, Department of Dental Materials, School of Dentistry, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | - Alvaro Della Bona
- Senior professor and Chair, School of Dentistry, University of Passo Fundo, Passo Fundo, RS, Brazil
| | - Fabricio Mezzomo Collares
- Associate professor and Chair, Department of Dental Materials, School of Dentistry, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil.
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Taşın S, Ismatullaev A. Effect of coffee thermocycling on the color and translucency of milled and 3D printed definitive restoration materials. J Prosthet Dent 2024; 131:969.e1-969.e7. [PMID: 38443241 DOI: 10.1016/j.prosdent.2024.01.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2023] [Revised: 01/26/2024] [Accepted: 01/26/2024] [Indexed: 03/07/2024]
Abstract
STATEMENT OF PROBLEM Research on the color and translucency properties of 3-dimensionally (3D) printed definitive resins and the effect of coffee thermocycling on these properties is lacking. PURPOSE The purpose of this in vitro study was to investigate the effect of coffee thermocycling on the color and translucency parameters of the milled and 3D printed materials used for definitive restorations. MATERIAL AND METHODS Plate-shaped specimens (12×12×1 mm) of 3 milled (IPS e.max CAD (LDS), Vita Enamic (PICN), Cerasmart (RNC)) and two 3D printed (VarseoSmile Crownplus (VSP), Permanent Crown (PC)) were fabricated (n=12). The brightness (L*), red-green (a*), and yellow-blue (b*) parameters were measured with a spectrophotometer before and after 10 000 coffee thermocycles. The relative translucency parameters (RTP00) and color change were calculated using the CIEDE2000 formula. Stainability (ΔE00) and translucency differences (ΔRTP00) were evaluated. Data were analyzed with the Kruskal-Wallis, Mann-Whitney U, and Wilcoxon tests. The Spearman correlation test was used to analyze the ΔE00 and ΔRTP00 values (α=.05). RESULTS The type of material and coffee thermocycling significantly affected the evaluated parameters at both measurement periods (P=.001). Coffee thermocycling decreased the L* and RTP00 values while increasing the a* and b* values (P=.001). The highest ΔE00 values were found in VSP and PC, which were statistically similar (P=.291), while the highest | ΔRTP00 | values were observed for VSP (P=.001). The lowest ΔE00 and | ΔRTP00 | values were found in LDS (P=.001). A positive relationship was found between the ΔE00 and | ΔRTP00| values (R=.590, P=.01). CONCLUSIONS After coffee thermocycling, all tested materials exhibited a darkened, yellowish, and opaque appearance, although the alterations in color and translucency remained within clinically acceptable thresholds (AT00=1.81) for these materials.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Simge Taşın
- Associate Professor, Department of Prosthodontics, Faculty of Dentistry, Cyprus Health and Social Sciences University, Mersin, Turkey.
| | - Artur Ismatullaev
- Assistant Professor, Department of Prosthodontics, Faculty of Dentistry, Cyprus Health and Social Sciences University, Mersin, Turkey
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
de Souza FA, Blois MC, Collares K, Dos Santos MBF. 3D-printed and conventional provisional single crown fabrication on anterior implants: A randomized clinical trial. Dent Mater 2024; 40:340-347. [PMID: 38103959 DOI: 10.1016/j.dental.2023.12.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2023] [Revised: 11/28/2023] [Accepted: 12/08/2023] [Indexed: 12/19/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES The present study aims to compare provisional single crowns on anterior implants made using conventional PMMA and 3D-printed workflows. The study assessed the occurrence of failures, color variation, signs of early deterioration, operating time, and patients' satisfaction with the treatment through a randomized controlled trial. METHODS This study was conducted as a randomized controlled trial, following the SPIRIT and CONSORT guidelines. Patients were included in the study after meeting the eligibility criteria and were randomly assigned to one of two groups (conventional and 3D-printed). FDI criteria, visible plaque index (VPI), bleeding on probing (BOP), and color variation were considered as the primary outcomes. Operating time and patient satisfaction were also assessed as secondary outcomes. Fisher's exact test was performed to analyze the association between the primary and secondary outcomes and the study groups. Mann-Whitney test was used to compare the mean VAS satisfaction scores between the conventional PMMA and 3D-printed groups (STATA 14™, with an α = 0.05). RESULTS A total of 42 provisional single crowns (n = 21) were made for 33 patients. Only the fracture parameter (FDI) showed a statistically significant difference, with 3D-printed provisionals exhibiting higher rates of catastrophic failures compared to conventional ones (p = 0.05). Although the operating time for the 3D-printed group was shorter (p < 0.001), no statistical difference observed in patients' satisfaction regarding esthetics, phonetics, chewing, or comfort. SIGNIFICANCE 3D-printed and conventional PMMA provisional single crowns showed comparable clinical performance, except for the observed fracture types. Although 3D-printed provisional restorations showed a shorter operating time, overall patients' satisfaction was not affected.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Fernanda Angeloni de Souza
- Graduate Program in Dentistry, Federal University of Pelotas, Pelotas, RS, Brazil; Program in Dentistry, Mercosur Dental Educational Institute, Brazil
| | - Matheus Coelho Blois
- Graduate Program in Dentistry, Federal University of Pelotas, Pelotas, RS, Brazil; Program in Dentistry, Mercosur Dental Educational Institute, Brazil
| | - Kaue Collares
- Graduate Program in Dentistry, Federal University of Pelotas, Pelotas, RS, Brazil
| | | |
Collapse
|
4
|
Prause E, Hannak WB, Nicic R, Jakstat HA, Böning K, Klinke T. Visual Versus Digital Color Determination of 3D-Printed Teeth as an Exercise in Dental Students' Education. Dent J (Basel) 2024; 12:24. [PMID: 38392228 PMCID: PMC10888070 DOI: 10.3390/dj12020024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2023] [Revised: 01/05/2024] [Accepted: 01/22/2024] [Indexed: 02/24/2024] Open
Abstract
Visual color determination is part of the daily routine in dental practice. However, it is not a part of dental education so far. The aim of this study was to evaluate whether visual or digital tooth color determination of 3D-printed teeth is a reliable tool for inexperienced dentistry students. Preclinical dental students evaluated eleven 3D-printed, tooth-shaped samples (VarseoSmile Crown plus, BEGO, Bremen, Germany) of different color shades. Visual shade determination using a reference scale (3D-Master Toothguide (3DM_TG), VITA Zahnfabrik, Bad Säckingen, Germany), followed by a digital color determination using a spectrophotometer (VITA Easyshade V, (ES_V), VITA Zahnfabrik), was performed. Color deviation was calculated in the Lab* color space (ΔE00) and converted into CIELAB 2000. The results were evaluated using the Mann-Whitney U test and the Wilcoxon Rank Sum test (α = 0.05). Significant differences between visual and digital color determination were proven (p < 0.001). Visual color determination (3DM_TG) showed a mean deviation (ΔE00 ± 95%CI) of 6.49 ± 0.47. Digital color determination (ES_V) showed significantly lower mean deviations of ΔE00 of 1.44 ± 0.58. Digital tooth color measurement using a spectrophotometer was a more reliable tool for the color determination of 3D-printed teeth for inexperienced dentistry students.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Elisabeth Prause
- Department of Prosthodontics, Geriatric Dentistry and Craniomandibular Disorders, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin and Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, 14197 Berlin, Germany
| | - Wolfgang B Hannak
- Department of Prosthodontics, Geriatric Dentistry and Craniomandibular Disorders, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin and Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, 14197 Berlin, Germany
| | - Robert Nicic
- Department of Prosthodontics, Geriatric Dentistry and Craniomandibular Disorders, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin and Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, 14197 Berlin, Germany
| | - Holger A Jakstat
- Department of Prosthodontics and Material Science, University of Leipzig, 20251 Leipzig, Germany
| | - Klaus Böning
- Department of Prosthetic Dentistry, Faculty of Medicine Carl Gustav Carus, Technische Universität Dresden, 01069 Dresden, Germany
| | - Thomas Klinke
- Department of Prosthodontics, Gerodontology and Dental Materials, Center of Oral Health, University Medicine Greifswald, 17489 Greifswald, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Sahrir CD, Ruslin M, Lee SY, Lin WC. Effect of various post-curing light intensities, times, and energy levels on the color of 3D-printed resin crowns. J Dent Sci 2024; 19:357-363. [PMID: 38303871 PMCID: PMC10829711 DOI: 10.1016/j.jds.2023.07.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2023] [Revised: 07/06/2023] [Indexed: 02/03/2024] Open
Abstract
Background/purpose Current 3D-printing technology has been widely used for creating dental resin restorations. This study aimed to evaluate the effect of light intensity, time, and energy post-curing on the surface color of 3D-printed resin crowns. However, the influences of post-curing parameters on the restoration after printing still need to be explored. Therefore, this project investigates the effect of post-cure conditions on resin color. Materials and methods Specimens from single-crown (SC) and pontic (PO) specimens underwent post-curing at various light intensities (105, 210, 420, 630, and 860 mW/cm2) for 5, 10, and 15 min. Specimens were observed at three predetermined points and measured using a commercial spectrophotometer that utilizes the CIE Lab∗ color space. Subsequently, samples were analyzed for color differences (ΔE). Results ΔE color differences in evaluated samples were influenced by the light intensity, time, and energy post-curing. SC samples showed a significant color difference (P < 0.05), with the lowest value at 5 min of 16 (860 mW/cm2), while 10 and 15 min had a difference of 4 (210 mW/cm2). PO samples exhibited a significant decrease in the color difference (P < 0.05) at 5 and 10 min of 16 (860 mW/cm2), and at 15 min of 12 (630 mW/cm2). Conclusion The results of this study indicate that exposing a resin crown to a high light intensity results in color stability and allows shorter post-curing times.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Citra Dewi Sahrir
- School of Dental Technology, College of Oral Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Muhammad Ruslin
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Faculty of Dentistry, Hasanuddin University, Makassar, Indonesia
| | - Sheng-Yang Lee
- Department of Dentistry, Wan-Fang Hospital, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
- School of Dentistry, College of Oral Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
- Center for Tooth Bank and Dental Stem Cell Technology, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Wei-Chun Lin
- School of Dental Technology, College of Oral Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
- Department of Dentistry, Wan-Fang Hospital, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
- Center for Tooth Bank and Dental Stem Cell Technology, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Alfaraj A, Lin WS. Color reproduction trueness of 3D-printed full-color dental casts with scans derived from an intraoral scanner. J Prosthodont 2023. [PMID: 38112239 DOI: 10.1111/jopr.13821] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2023] [Revised: 11/26/2023] [Accepted: 12/16/2023] [Indexed: 12/21/2023] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE To investigate the effects of shade tab color variations (tooth-colored vs. gingiva-colored) and surface treatment (application of mineral oil) on the trueness of color reproduction from dental shade tabs to 3D-printed full-color dental casts, using digital scans obtained from an intraoral scanner. MATERIALS AND METHODS Pristine tooth-colored (with 16 shade tabs) and gingiva-colored (with five shade tabs) shade guides were digitally scanned using an intraoral scanner, and subsequently, 3D-printed replicas were created using a full-color material jetting 3D printer. Three color measurements using a contact type digital spectrophotometer were recorded, including actual shade tabs (R0), dried 3D-printed study samples (RP1 ), and study samples with mineral oil application (RP2 ), in this study to calculate color differences between the actual shade tabs and 3D-printed ones. The CIEDE2000 formula was used to calculate the color differences (color reproduction trueness) between reference shade tabs and 3D-printed full-color study samples-without and with mineral oil, ∆E00 (RP1 ), and ∆E00 (RP2 ). ∆E00 (RP1 ) and ∆E00 (RP2 ) were compared with a 50:50% accessibility threshold (AT) and a 50:50% perceptibility threshold (PT). A grading system, based on the relative ranges of AT and PT, was employed. The percentage of samples falling into each color-matching category was then recorded. The data collected were subjected to statistical analysis, utilizing a mixed model ANOVA to evaluate the effects of shade tab color and mineral oil application on color differences, α = 0.05. RESULTS The application of mineral oil significantly affected the ∆E00 [F(1, 378) = 19.1, p = < 0.0001]. However, this effect was only significant for the gingiva-colored study samples; the mineral oil application significantly decreased color difference, showing ∆E00 (RP1 ) of 8.71 ± 3.78 and ∆E00 (RP2 ) of 6.55 ± 2.14 (p < 0.0001). For the tooth-colored groups, the mineral oil application did not yield any color difference, showing ∆E00 (RP1 ) of 7.05 ± 2.35 and ∆E00 (RP2 ) of 6.94 ± 2.35 (p = 0.497). In the absence of mineral oil, gingiva-colored samples revealed a significantly larger ∆E00 (RP1 ) of 8.71 ± 3.78 compared to tooth-colored samples at 7.05 ± 2.35 (p = 0.017). Conversely, mineral oil application rendered comparable ∆E00 (RP2 ) values between gingiva-colored (6.55 ± 2.14) and tooth-colored (6.94 ± 2.35) samples (p = 0.558). All 3D-printed full-color samples showed Grade 1 (extremely unacceptable mismatch) and Grade 2 (clearly unacceptable mismatch), regardless of the shades or the presence of mineral oil. CONCLUSIONS Utilizing an intraoral scanner to gather digital color data, along with an MJ 3D printer, offers the potential for producing 3D-printed full-color dental casts for prosthesis characterization in the dental laboratory. While mineral oil improves the color reproduction trueness of gingiva-colored objects, all 3D-printed full-color samples exhibited unacceptable mismatches when compared to their target objects. This underscores the need for future improvement in the digital color data acquisition process and color optimization protocols in 3D printing processes.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Amal Alfaraj
- Department of Prosthodontics, Indiana University School of Dentistry, Indianapolis, Indiana, USA
| | - Wei-Shao Lin
- Department of Prosthodontics, Indiana University School of Dentistry, Indianapolis, Indiana, USA
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Espinar C, Della Bona A, Tejada-Casado M, Pulgar R, Pérez MM. Optical behavior of 3D-printed dental restorative resins: Influence of thickness and printing angle. Dent Mater 2023; 39:894-902. [PMID: 37598040 DOI: 10.1016/j.dental.2023.08.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2023] [Revised: 07/27/2023] [Accepted: 08/07/2023] [Indexed: 08/21/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To evaluate the influence of thickness and printing angle on the optical properties of 3D-printed dental restorative resins. METHODS Four 3D printing resin systems were evaluated: DFT-Detax Freeprint Temp; FP- Formlabs Permanent Crown; FP- Formlabs Temporary CB; and GCT- GC Temporary-. Samples from each material were printed at 0° and 90°, and polished up to 0.5, 1.0, 1.5 and 2.0 mm thickness. Scattering (S), absorption (K) and albedo (a) coefficients, transmittance (T%), light reflectivity (RI) and infinite optical thickness (X∞) were calculated using Kubelka-Munk's model. Data were statistically analyzed using Kruskal-Wallis¸ Mann-Whitney tests, and VAF coefficient. RESULTS The spectral distribution on S, K, T%, RI,X∞ were wavelength dependent. Although the spectral behaviors were similar for all the specimens evaluated, the values of S, K, T% andX∞ presented significant differences between specimen thicknesses for all the materials used and for both printing orientations. Values for S and K increased, and T% and X∞ decreased. Significant differences between 0° and 90° were found for RI values at 0.5 and 1.0 mm thick samples, for S and K at 2.0 mm, for X∞ at 0.5 and 1.0 mm for DFT, and at 0.5 mm for FT. CONCLUSIONS Optical properties of 3D-printed restorative resins vary between thicknesses, and could be affected by the building orientation. Therefore, these factors should be considered in order to improve the biomimetic potential of 3D-printed dental restorative resins. CLINICAL SIGNIFICANCE Understanding the optical behavior of the 3D-printed restorative resins is essential to optimize their clinical performance.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Cristina Espinar
- Department of Stomatology, Faculty of Dentistry, Colegio Máximo, Campus de Cartuja s/n. University of Granada, 18071, Granada, Spain
| | - Alvaro Della Bona
- Post-Graduate Program in Dentistry, Dental School, University of Passo Fundo, Campus I, Passo Fundo, RS, Brazil
| | - Maria Tejada-Casado
- Department of Optics, Faculty of Science, Campus Fuentenueva, Edificio Mecenas, s/n. University of Granada, 18071, Granada, Spain
| | - Rosa Pulgar
- Department of Stomatology, Faculty of Dentistry, Colegio Máximo, Campus de Cartuja s/n. University of Granada, 18071, Granada, Spain
| | - María M Pérez
- Department of Optics, Faculty of Science, Campus Fuentenueva, Edificio Mecenas, s/n. University of Granada, 18071, Granada, Spain.
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Karaoğlanoğlu S, Aydın N, Oktay EA, Ersöz B. Comparison of the Surface Properties of 3D-printed Permanent Restorative Resins and Resin-based CAD/CAM Blocks. Oper Dent 2023; 48:588-598. [PMID: 37635458 DOI: 10.2341/23-006-l] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 05/05/2023] [Indexed: 08/29/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE This study aimed to investigate the surface roughness, microhardness, and color changes of resin-based computer-aided design/computer-aided manufacturing (CAD/CAM) blocks and 3D-printed permanent resins in different beverages. METHODS AND MATERIALS Resin-based CAD/CAM blocks (Cerasmart 270 and Grandio Blocs) and 3D-printed permanent restorative resins (Crowntec and Permanent Crown) were used in this study. A total of 96 specimens were prepared from CAD/CAM blocks and 3D-printed permanent resins. The initial surface roughness, microhardness, and shade value of the specimens were measured. Then, the specimens prepared from each material were divided into three subgroups (n=8) and immersed in tea, coffee, and distilled water for 30 days. After the specimens were immersed in the beverages, the surface roughness, microhardness, and tone values were measured again. The data were statistically analyzed using a two-way analysis of variance test (p<0.05). RESULTS No statistically significant difference was found in the surface roughness values of the resin-based CAD/CAM blocks and 3D-printed resins (p<0.05). Resin-based CAD/CAM blocks showed statistically significantly higher microhardness than 3D-printed permanent resins (p<0.05). Although the color changes in 3D-printed resins in tea and coffee were similar to those in resin-based CAD/CAM blocks on the first and seventh days, more color changes appeared in the 3D-printed resins after 30 days. The surface roughness and microhardness values of the specimens submerged in tea, coffee, and distilled water showed no statistically significant changes (p<0.05). CONCLUSIONS Although the surface roughness of 3D-printed permanent resins was similar to that of resin-based CAD/CAM blocks, they had a lower microhardness value. Moreover, 3D-printed permanent resins showed more color changes in tea and coffee.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- S Karaoğlanoğlu
- Serpil Karaoğlanoğlu, DDS, PhD, University of Health Sciences, Gulhane Faculty of Dentistry, Department of Restorative Dental Treatment, Ankara, Turkey
| | - N Aydın
- *Numan Aydın, DDS, PhD, University of Health Sciences, Gulhane Faculty of Dentistry, Department of Restorative Dental Treatment, Ankara, Turkey
| | - E A Oktay
- Elif Aybala Oktay, DDS, PhD, University of Health Sciences, Gulhane Faculty of Dentistry, Department of Restorative Dental Treatment, Ankara, Turkey
| | - B Ersöz
- Bilge Ersöz, DDS, PhD, University of Health Sciences, Gulhane Faculty of Dentistry, Department of Restorative Dental Treatment, Ankara, Turkey
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Balhaddad AA, Garcia IM, Mokeem L, Alsahafi R, Majeed-Saidan A, Albagami HH, Khan AS, Ahmad S, Collares FM, Della Bona A, Melo MAS. Three-dimensional (3D) printing in dental practice: Applications, areas of interest, and level of evidence. Clin Oral Investig 2023:10.1007/s00784-023-04983-7. [PMID: 37017759 DOI: 10.1007/s00784-023-04983-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2022] [Accepted: 03/28/2023] [Indexed: 04/06/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES The aim of this review to overview three-dimensional (3D) printing technologies available for different dental disciplines, considering the applicability of such technologies and materials development. MATERIALS AND METHODS Source Arksey and O'Malley's five stages framework using PubMed, EMBASE, and Scopus (Elsevier) databases managed this review. Papers focusing on 3D printing in dentistry and written in English were screened. Scientific productivity by the number of publications, areas of interest, and the focus of the investigations in each dental discipline were extracted. RESULTS Nine hundred thirty-four studies using 3D printing in dentistry were assessed. Limited clinical trials were observed, especially in Restorative, endodontics, and pediatric dentistry. Laboratory or animal studies are not reliable for clinical success, suggesting that clinical trials are a good approach to validate the new methods' outcomes and ensure that the benefits outweigh the risk. The most common application for 3D printing technologies is to facilitate conventional dental procedures. CONCLUSIONS The constantly improving quality of 3D printing applications has contributed to increasing the popularity of these technologies in dentistry; however, long-term clinical studies are necessary to assist in defining standards and endorsing the safe application of 3D printing in dental practice. CLINICAL RELEVANCE The recent progress in 3D materials has improved dental practice capabilities over the last decade. Understanding the current status of 3D printing in dentistry is essential to facilitate translating its applications from laboratory to the clinical setting.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Abdulrahman A Balhaddad
- Department of Restorative Dental Sciences, College of Dentistry, Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal University, P.O.Box 1982, Dammam, 31441, Saudi Arabia.
| | - Isadora Martini Garcia
- Clinical Assistant Professor, Division of Operative Dentistry, Department of General Dentistry, University of Maryland School of Dentistry, Baltimore, MD, 21201, USA
| | - Lamia Mokeem
- Ph.D. Program in Dental Biomedical Sciences, University of Maryland School of Dentistry, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Rashed Alsahafi
- Department of Restorative Dental Sciences, College of Dentistry, Umm Al-Qura University, Makkah, 24381, Saudi Arabia
| | - Ahmad Majeed-Saidan
- Division of Prosthodontics, Department of Advanced Oral Sciences and Therapeutics, University of Maryland School of Dentistry, Baltimore, MD, 21201, USA
| | - Hathal H Albagami
- Department of Restorative Dental Sciences, College of Dentistry, Taibah University, Medina, 42353, Saudi Arabia
| | - Abdul Samad Khan
- Department of Restorative Dental Sciences, College of Dentistry, Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal University, P.O.Box 1982, Dammam, 31441, Saudi Arabia
| | - Shakil Ahmad
- Directorate of Library Affairs, Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal University, P.O. Box 1982, Dammam, 31441, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
| | - Fabricio Mezzomo Collares
- Department of Dental Materials, School of Dentistry, Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | - Alvaro Della Bona
- Postgraduate Program in Dentistry, Dental School, University of Passo Fundo, Passo Fundo, Brazil
| | - Mary Anne S Melo
- Ph.D. Program in Dental Biomedical Sciences, University of Maryland School of Dentistry, Baltimore, Maryland, USA.
- Division of Operative Dentistry, Department of General Dentistry, University of Maryland School of Dentistry, Baltimore, Maryland, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Espinar C, Bona AD, Pérez MM, Tejada-Casado M, Pulgar R. The influence of printing angle on color and translucency of 3D printed resins for dental restorations. Dent Mater 2023; 39:410-417. [PMID: 36914433 DOI: 10.1016/j.dental.2023.03.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2022] [Revised: 02/06/2023] [Accepted: 03/03/2023] [Indexed: 03/13/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To evaluate the influence of printing orientation on color and translucency of 3D printing restorative resins. METHODS Four 3D printing resin systems in the available shades (DFT-Detax Freeprint Temp- A1, A2,A3; FP-Formlabs Permanent Crown- A2,A3,B1,C2; FT- Formlabs Temporary CB- A2,A3,B1,C2; GCT-GC Temporary- Light, Medium) were evaluated. Three samples (10×10×1.2 mm) from each material were printed at two different printing orientations (0° and 90°) and polished to 1.00 ± 0,01 mm of thickness. Spectral reflectance was measured against black background using a calibrated spectroradiometer, CIE D65 standard illuminant and the 45°/0°geometry. Color and translucency differences were evaluated using CIEDE2000 metric (ΔE00) and 50:50% perceptibility (PT00 and TPT00) and acceptability (AT00 and TAT00) thresholds. RESULTS In general, color changes due to printing orientation at (0° and 90°) were mainly produced by ΔL* or ΔC* . ΔE00 were above PT00 for all DFT shades, FP-B1, FP-C2, FT-A2 and FT-B1. Only for DFT-1, ΔE00 was above AT00. ΔRTP00 values were above TPT00 for DFT-A1, DFT-A3, FP-B1 and FT-B1, but lower than TAT00. The direction of the changes in translucency (ΔRTP00) depends on the material and shade. SIGNIFICANCE The selection of building orientation (0° and 90°) for the 3D printed resins influence the visual color and translucency and therefore their esthetic appearance. These aspects should be considered when printing dental restorations using the evaluated materials.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Cristina Espinar
- Department of Stomatology, Faculty of Dentistry, Colegio Máximo, University of Granada, Campus de Cartuja s/n, 18071 Granada, Spain
| | - Alvaro Della Bona
- Post-Graduate Program in Dentistry, Dental School, University of Passo Fundo, Campus I, Passo Fundo, RS, Brazil
| | - María M Pérez
- Department of Optics, Faculty of Science, Campus Fuentenueva, University of Granada, Edificio Mecenas, s/n, 18071 Granada, Spain.
| | - Maria Tejada-Casado
- Department of Optics, Faculty of Science, Campus Fuentenueva, University of Granada, Edificio Mecenas, s/n, 18071 Granada, Spain
| | - Rosa Pulgar
- Department of Stomatology, Faculty of Dentistry, Colegio Máximo, University of Granada, Campus de Cartuja s/n, 18071 Granada, Spain
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
The Influence of Printing Layer Thickness and Orientation on the Mechanical Properties of DLP 3D-Printed Dental Resin. Polymers (Basel) 2023; 15:polym15051113. [PMID: 36904351 PMCID: PMC10007339 DOI: 10.3390/polym15051113] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2023] [Revised: 02/13/2023] [Accepted: 02/21/2023] [Indexed: 02/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Technological advances are closely related to the development of new materials and their processing and manufacturing technologies. In the dental field, the high complexity of the geometrical designs of crowns, bridges and other applications of digital light processing 3D-printable biocompatible resins is the reason for the need for a deep understanding of the mechanical proprieties and behavior of these materials. The aim of the present study is to assess the influence of printing layer direction and thickness on the tensile and compression proprieties of a DLP 3D-printable dental resin. Using the NextDent C&B Micro-Filled Hybrid (MFH), 36 specimens (24 for tensile strength testing, 12 for compression testing) were printed at different layer angulations (0°, 45° and 90°) and layer thicknesses (0.1 mm and 0.05 mm). Brittle behavior was observed in all specimens regardless of the direction of printing and layer thickness for the tensile specimens. The highest tensile values were obtained for specimens printed with a layer thickness of 0.05 mm. In conclusion, both printing layer direction and thickness influence mechanical proprieties and can be used to alter the materials' characteristics and make the final printed product more suitable for its intended purposes.
Collapse
|