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Fayet M, Prybylski N, Collin ML, Peyretaillade E, Wawrzyniak I, Belkorchia A, Akossi RF, Diogon M, El Alaoui H, Polonais V, Delbac F. Identification and localization of polar tube proteins in the extruded polar tube of the microsporidian Anncaliia algerae. Sci Rep 2023; 13:8773. [PMID: 37253964 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-35511-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2023] [Accepted: 05/19/2023] [Indexed: 06/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Microsporidia are obligate intracellular parasites able to infect a wide range of hosts from invertebrates to vertebrates. The success of their invasion process is based on an original organelle, the polar tube, which is suddenly extruded from the spore to inoculate the sporoplasm into the host cytoplasm. The polar tube is mainly composed of proteins named polar tube proteins (PTPs). A comparative analysis allowed us to identify genes coding for 5 PTPs (PTP1 to PTP5) in the genome of the microsporidian Anncaliia algerae. While PTP1 and PTP2 are found on the whole polar tube, PTP3 is present in a large part of the extruded polar tube except at its end-terminal part. On the contrary, PTP4 is specifically detected at the end-terminal part of the polar tube. To complete PTPs repertoire, sequential sporal protein extractions were done with high concentration of reducing agents. In addition, a method to purify polar tubes was developed. Mass spectrometry analysis conducted on both samples led to the identification of a PTP3-like protein (PTP3b), and a new PTP (PTP7) only found at the extremity of the polar tube. The specific localization of PTPs asks the question of their roles in cell invasion processes used by A. algerae.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maurine Fayet
- "Laboratoire "Microorganismes: Génome et Environnement", CNRS, Université Clermont Auvergne, 63000, Clermont-Ferrand, France
| | - Nastasia Prybylski
- "Laboratoire "Microorganismes: Génome et Environnement", CNRS, Université Clermont Auvergne, 63000, Clermont-Ferrand, France
| | - Marie-Laure Collin
- "Laboratoire "Microorganismes: Génome et Environnement", CNRS, Université Clermont Auvergne, 63000, Clermont-Ferrand, France
| | - Eric Peyretaillade
- "Laboratoire "Microorganismes: Génome et Environnement", CNRS, Université Clermont Auvergne, 63000, Clermont-Ferrand, France
| | - Ivan Wawrzyniak
- "Laboratoire "Microorganismes: Génome et Environnement", CNRS, Université Clermont Auvergne, 63000, Clermont-Ferrand, France
| | - Abdel Belkorchia
- "Laboratoire "Microorganismes: Génome et Environnement", CNRS, Université Clermont Auvergne, 63000, Clermont-Ferrand, France
| | - Reginald Florian Akossi
- "Laboratoire "Microorganismes: Génome et Environnement", CNRS, Université Clermont Auvergne, 63000, Clermont-Ferrand, France
| | - Marie Diogon
- "Laboratoire "Microorganismes: Génome et Environnement", CNRS, Université Clermont Auvergne, 63000, Clermont-Ferrand, France
| | - Hicham El Alaoui
- "Laboratoire "Microorganismes: Génome et Environnement", CNRS, Université Clermont Auvergne, 63000, Clermont-Ferrand, France
| | - Valérie Polonais
- "Laboratoire "Microorganismes: Génome et Environnement", CNRS, Université Clermont Auvergne, 63000, Clermont-Ferrand, France.
| | - Frédéric Delbac
- "Laboratoire "Microorganismes: Génome et Environnement", CNRS, Université Clermont Auvergne, 63000, Clermont-Ferrand, France.
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Heterologous Expressed NbSWP12 from Microsporidia Nosema bombycis Can Bind with Phosphatidylinositol 3-phosphate and Affect Vesicle Genesis. J Fungi (Basel) 2022; 8:jof8080764. [PMID: 35893133 PMCID: PMC9332396 DOI: 10.3390/jof8080764] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2022] [Revised: 07/15/2022] [Accepted: 07/21/2022] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Microsporidia are a big group of single-celled obligate intracellular organisms infecting most animals and some protozoans. These minimalist eukaryotes lack numerous genes in metabolism and vesicle trafficking. Here, we demonstrated that the spore wall protein NbSWP12 of microsporidium Nosema bombycis belongs to Bin/Amphiphysin/Rvs (BAR) protein family and can specifically bind with phosphatidylinositol 3-phosphate [Ptdlns(3)P]. Since Ptdlns(3)P is involved in endosomal vesicle biogenesis and trafficking, we heterologous expressed NbSWP12 in yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae and proved that NbSWP12 can target the cell membrane and endocytic vesicles. Nbswp12 transformed into Gvp36 (a BAR protein of S. cerevisiae) deletion mutant rescued the defect phenotype of vesicular traffic. This study identified a BAR protein function in vesicle genesis and sorting and provided clues for further understanding of how microsporidia internalize nutrients and metabolites during proliferation.
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Flores J, Takvorian PM, Weiss LM, Cali A, Gao N. Human microsporidian pathogen Encephalitozoon intestinalis impinges on enterocyte membrane trafficking and signaling. J Cell Sci 2021; 134:jcs.253757. [PMID: 33589497 DOI: 10.1242/jcs.253757] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2020] [Accepted: 02/01/2021] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Microsporidia are a large phylum of obligate intracellular parasites. Approximately a dozen species of microsporidia infect humans, where they are responsible for a variety of diseases and occasionally death, especially in immunocompromised individuals. To better understand the impact of microsporidia on human cells, we infected human colonic Caco2 cells with Encephalitozoon intestinalis, and showed that these enterocyte cultures can be used to recapitulate the life cycle of the parasite, including the spread of infection with infective spores. Using transmission electron microscopy, we describe this lifecycle and demonstrate nuclear, mitochondrial and microvillar alterations by this pathogen. We also analyzed the transcriptome of infected cells to reveal host cell signaling alterations upon infection. These high-resolution imaging and transcriptional profiling analysis shed light on the impact of the microsporidial infection on its primary human target cell type.This article has an associated First Person interview with the first authors of the paper.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juan Flores
- Department of Biological Sciences, Rutgers University, Newark, New Jersey 07102, USA
| | - Peter M Takvorian
- Department of Biological Sciences, Rutgers University, Newark, New Jersey 07102, USA.,Departments of Medicine and Pathology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine Bronx, New York 10461, USA
| | - Louis M Weiss
- Departments of Medicine and Pathology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine Bronx, New York 10461, USA
| | - Ann Cali
- Department of Biological Sciences, Rutgers University, Newark, New Jersey 07102, USA
| | - Nan Gao
- Department of Biological Sciences, Rutgers University, Newark, New Jersey 07102, USA
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Takvorian P, Han B, Cali A, Rice W, Gunther L, Macaluso F, Weiss L. An Ultrastructural Study of the Extruded Polar Tube of Anncaliia algerae (Microsporidia). J Eukaryot Microbiol 2020; 67:28-44. [PMID: 31332877 PMCID: PMC6944765 DOI: 10.1111/jeu.12751] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2019] [Accepted: 07/05/2019] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
All microsporidia share a unique, extracellular spore stage, containing the infective sporoplasm and the apparatus for initiating infection. The polar filament/polar tube when exiting the spore transports the sporoplasm through it into a host cell. While universal, these structures and processes have been enigmatic. This study utilized several types of microscopy, describing and extending our understanding of these structures and their functions. Cryogenically preserved polar tubes vary in diameter from 155 to over 200 nm, noticeably larger than fixed-sectioned or negatively stained samples. The polar tube surface is pleated and covered with fine fibrillar material that projects from the surface and is organized in clusters or tufts. These fibrils may be the sites of glycoproteins providing protection and aiding infectivity. The polar tube surface is ridged with 5-6 nm spacing between ridges, enabling the polar tube to rapidly increase its diameter to facilitate the passage of the various cargo including cylinders, sacs or vesicles filled with particulate material and the intact sporoplasm containing a diplokaryon. The lumen of the tube is lined with a membrane that facilitates this passage. Careful examination of the terminus of the tube indicates that it has a closed tip where the membranes for the terminal sac are located.
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Affiliation(s)
- P.M. Takvorian
- Department of Biological Sciences Rutgers University, 195 University Ave., Newark, NJ 07733 USA,Department of Pathology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, 1300 Morris Park Avenue, Bronx NY 10461 USA,Corresponding author P. Takvorian, Department of Biological Sciences, Rutgers University, 195 University Ave., Newark, NJ 07733 USA, , Telephone number 973-353-5364, Peter M. Takvorian,
| | - B. Han
- Department of Pathology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, 1300 Morris Park Avenue, Bronx NY 10461 USA
| | - A Cali
- Department of Biological Sciences Rutgers University, 195 University Ave., Newark, NJ 07733 USA
| | - W.J. Rice
- National Resource for Automated Molecular Microscopy, Simons Electron Microscopy Center, New York Structural Biology Center, New York USA
| | - L. Gunther
- Analytical Imaging Facility, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, 1300 Morris Park Avenue, Bronx NY 10461 USA
| | - F. Macaluso
- Analytical Imaging Facility, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, 1300 Morris Park Avenue, Bronx NY 10461 USA
| | - L.M. Weiss
- Department of Pathology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, 1300 Morris Park Avenue, Bronx NY 10461 USA,Department of Medicine, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, 1300 Morris Park Avenue, Bronx NY 10461 USA
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Abou-El-Naga IF, Said DE, Gaafar MR, Ahmed SM, El-Deeb SA. A new scope for orlistat: Effect of approved anti-obesity drug against experimental microsporidiosis. Med Mycol 2019. [PMID: 29529254 DOI: 10.1093/mmy/myy005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
As the current therapies for intestinal microsporidiosis are either inconsistent in their efficacies or hampered by several adverse effects, alternative antimicrosporidial agents are being sought. The present study is the first that was designed to evaluate the potency of orlistat, an approved anti-obesity drug, against intestinal microsporidiosis caused by both Enterocytozoon bieneusi and Encephalitozoon intestinalis. Results were assessed through studying fecal and intestinal spore load, intestinal histopathological changes, viability, and infectivity of spores from treated animals. Results showed that orlistat has promising antimicrosporidia potential, with better results in E. intestinalis than E. bieneusi. The animals that received orlistat showed statistically significant decrease in the fecal and intestinal spore load, when compared to the corresponding control infected nontreated mice. The results were insignificant compared to fumagillin and albendazole. Light microscopic examination of stained intestinal sections revealed amelioration of the pathological changes and decreased inflammatory cells detected in the control infected nontreated mice. Spores encountered from stool of orlistat-treated E. bieneusi and E. intestinalis mice showed low viability and significant reduction of infectivity versus their control. Thus, considering the results of the present work, orlistat proved its effectiveness against the intestinal microsporidial infection.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - D E Said
- Department of Medical Parasitology
| | | | - S M Ahmed
- Department of Medical Microbiology and Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, Alexandria University, Egypt
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Chen J, Guo W, Dang X, Huang Y, Liu F, Meng X, An Y, Long M, Bao J, Zhou Z, Xiang Z, Pan G. Easy labeling of proliferative phase and sporogonic phase of microsporidia Nosema bombycis in host cells. PLoS One 2017. [PMID: 28640848 PMCID: PMC5480951 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0179618] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Microsporidia are eukaryotic, unicellular parasites that have been studied for more than 150 years. These organisms are extraordinary in their ability to invade a wide range of hosts including vertebrates and invertebrates, such as human and commercially important animals. A lack of appropriate labeling methods has limited the research of the cell cycle and protein locations in intracellular stages. In this report, an easy fluorescent labeling method has been developed to mark the proliferative and sporogonic phases of microsporidia Nosema bombycis in host cells. Based on the presence of chitin, Calcofluor White M2R was used to label the sporogonic phase, while β-tubulin antibody coupled with fluorescence secondary antibody were used to label the proliferative phase by immunofluorescence. This method is simple, efficient and can be used on both infected cells and tissue slices, providing a great potential application in microsporidia research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jie Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Silkworm Genome Biology, Southwest University, Chongqing, P. R. China
- Key Laboratory of Sericultural Biology and Genetic Breeding, Ministry of Agriculture, Chongqing, P. R. China
| | - Wei Guo
- State Key Laboratory of Silkworm Genome Biology, Southwest University, Chongqing, P. R. China
- State Key Laboratory of Microbial Technology, School of Life Science, Shandong University, Jinan, P. R. China
| | - Xiaoqun Dang
- College of Life Sciences, Chongqing Normal University, Chongqing, P. R. China
| | - Yukang Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Silkworm Genome Biology, Southwest University, Chongqing, P. R. China
- Key Laboratory of Sericultural Biology and Genetic Breeding, Ministry of Agriculture, Chongqing, P. R. China
| | - Fangyan Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Silkworm Genome Biology, Southwest University, Chongqing, P. R. China
- Key Laboratory of Sericultural Biology and Genetic Breeding, Ministry of Agriculture, Chongqing, P. R. China
| | - Xianzhi Meng
- State Key Laboratory of Silkworm Genome Biology, Southwest University, Chongqing, P. R. China
- Key Laboratory of Sericultural Biology and Genetic Breeding, Ministry of Agriculture, Chongqing, P. R. China
| | - Yaoyao An
- State Key Laboratory of Silkworm Genome Biology, Southwest University, Chongqing, P. R. China
- Key Laboratory of Sericultural Biology and Genetic Breeding, Ministry of Agriculture, Chongqing, P. R. China
| | - Mengxian Long
- State Key Laboratory of Silkworm Genome Biology, Southwest University, Chongqing, P. R. China
- Key Laboratory of Sericultural Biology and Genetic Breeding, Ministry of Agriculture, Chongqing, P. R. China
| | - Jialing Bao
- State Key Laboratory of Silkworm Genome Biology, Southwest University, Chongqing, P. R. China
- Key Laboratory of Sericultural Biology and Genetic Breeding, Ministry of Agriculture, Chongqing, P. R. China
| | - Zeyang Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Silkworm Genome Biology, Southwest University, Chongqing, P. R. China
- Key Laboratory of Sericultural Biology and Genetic Breeding, Ministry of Agriculture, Chongqing, P. R. China
- College of Life Sciences, Chongqing Normal University, Chongqing, P. R. China
| | - Zhonghuai Xiang
- State Key Laboratory of Silkworm Genome Biology, Southwest University, Chongqing, P. R. China
- Key Laboratory of Sericultural Biology and Genetic Breeding, Ministry of Agriculture, Chongqing, P. R. China
| | - Guoqing Pan
- State Key Laboratory of Silkworm Genome Biology, Southwest University, Chongqing, P. R. China
- Key Laboratory of Sericultural Biology and Genetic Breeding, Ministry of Agriculture, Chongqing, P. R. China
- * E-mail:
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