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Kondrashev SL. Photoreceptors, visual pigments and intraretinal variability in spectral sensitivity in two species of smelts (Pisces, Osmeridae). JOURNAL OF FISH BIOLOGY 2022; 101:584-596. [PMID: 35655413 DOI: 10.1111/jfb.15128] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2022] [Accepted: 05/30/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
The main goal of this study was to clarify whether the spectral properties of retinal photoreceptors reflect the features of behaviour of closely related fish species cohabiting shallow marine and fresh waters. The spectral sensitivity of photoreceptors was compared between two smelt species, Hypomesus japonicus and Japanese smelt Hypomesus nipponensis. The spectral absorption of the visual pigments was measured using microspectrophotometry. In H. japonicus, a mostly marine species, all photoreceptors contained visual pigments based on retinal and were distributed differently in specific retinal areas. The absorbance maxima (λmax ) of rods and long-wave-sensitive members of double cones throughout the retina amounted to 507 and 573 nm, respectively, but the λmax value of the short-wave-sensitive members of double cones and single cones in the temporal hemiretina showed a significant blue shift compared to the nasal hemiretina: 485 vs. 516 nm and 375 vs. 412 nm, respectively, thus enhancing the short-wave sensitivity of the temporal hemiretina. In H. nipponensis, an euryhaline species, the estimated λmax value of both rods and cones significantly varied between the groups caught in different localities (sea, river or estuary) because of the presence of rhodopsin/porphyropsin mixtures. The long-wavelength shift in rod and cone photoreceptors was observed because of changes in the chromophore complement in closely related but ecologically different species dwelling in freshened bodies of water. Considering the data available in the literature, several putative common opsin genes have been suggested for species under study.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sergei L Kondrashev
- Zhirmunsky National Scientific Center of Marine Biology, Far Eastern Branch, Russian Academy of Sciences, Vladivostok, Russia
- Institute for Information Transmission Problems, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russia
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Liang Q, Afriyie G, Chen Z, Xu Z, Dong Z, Guo Y, Wang Z. Analysis of opsin gene family of Crimson snapper (Lutjanus erythropterus). Gene 2022; 807:145960. [PMID: 34509581 DOI: 10.1016/j.gene.2021.145960] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2021] [Revised: 08/27/2021] [Accepted: 09/07/2021] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Opsin is a fellow of the G protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs) superfamily. It can be divided into visual and non-visual opsin according to whether it is directly involved in visual imaging. Opsin plays an important role in visual image formation and the regulation of non-image forming functions such as circadian entrainment in the growth, development and evolution of fish. Crimson snapper belongs to Perciforme mainly found in the Indo-West Pacific and the South China Sea. It is one of the most influential economic fishes in the South China Sea. In order to study the existence and expression of opsin gene in Crimson snapper, we sequenced the genome and tissue sample transcriptome of Crimson snapper. In this study, 32 opsin genes were identified from the genome of Crimson snapper. The length of these genes ranged from 1061 bp to 86203 bp and were distributed on 15 different chromosomes. The analysis of opsin gene family of Crimson snapper showed that the sws2 had two extra copies as compared with that of Zebrafish. Domain and motif analysis revealed that all the 32 opsin genes have seven-(pass)-transmembrane domain receptors (7TM receptors) each, and the opsin family contained 10 common motifs. The expression level of opsin gene, confirmed by RT-qPCR, was analyzed by using nine tissues transcriptome databases of Crimson snapper. The results showed that almost all opsin genes were highly expressed in the retina and brain, except opn7a and opn7b which were expressed in intestine and red skin, and almost no expression in other tissues. Our results provide a comprehensive basic knowledge for the opsin gene family of Crimson snapper, which has significance for the study of the function of opsin in Lutjanidaes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiulu Liang
- Key Laboratory of Aquaculture in South China Sea for Aquatic Economic Animal of Guangdong Higher Education Institutes, Fisheries College, Guangdong Ocean University, Zhanjiang 524025, China
| | - Gyamfua Afriyie
- Key Laboratory of Aquaculture in South China Sea for Aquatic Economic Animal of Guangdong Higher Education Institutes, Fisheries College, Guangdong Ocean University, Zhanjiang 524025, China
| | - Zizhao Chen
- Key Laboratory of Aquaculture in South China Sea for Aquatic Economic Animal of Guangdong Higher Education Institutes, Fisheries College, Guangdong Ocean University, Zhanjiang 524025, China
| | - Zhenmin Xu
- Key Laboratory of Aquaculture in South China Sea for Aquatic Economic Animal of Guangdong Higher Education Institutes, Fisheries College, Guangdong Ocean University, Zhanjiang 524025, China
| | - Zhongdian Dong
- Key Laboratory of Aquaculture in South China Sea for Aquatic Economic Animal of Guangdong Higher Education Institutes, Fisheries College, Guangdong Ocean University, Zhanjiang 524025, China
| | - Yusong Guo
- Key Laboratory of Aquaculture in South China Sea for Aquatic Economic Animal of Guangdong Higher Education Institutes, Fisheries College, Guangdong Ocean University, Zhanjiang 524025, China.
| | - Zhongduo Wang
- Key Laboratory of Aquaculture in South China Sea for Aquatic Economic Animal of Guangdong Higher Education Institutes, Fisheries College, Guangdong Ocean University, Zhanjiang 524025, China.
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Zhang X, Zhang Q, Jiang Y, Zhang S, Hong Q, Guo X, Chi X, Tong M. Expression and significance of miR - 20b in retinal photoreceptor cells exposed to PCB 1254. Aging (Albany NY) 2019; 11:8969-8981. [PMID: 31619580 PMCID: PMC6834413 DOI: 10.18632/aging.102360] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2019] [Accepted: 10/05/2019] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Previous studies have shown that PCB1254 has an adverse effect on zebrafish retinal development, but the basic mechanism behind it is not clear. The purpose of this study was to investigate the molecular mechanisms of PCB-induced retinal dysplasia. RT-qPCR, immunoblotting, HE staining and immunofluorescence were adopted to detect the expression at mRNA and protein level. Functional experiments were carried out in 661w cells including CCK-8 assay, caspase-3 assay, and the flow cytometry, while the functional role of miR - 20b was further investigated by using the zebrafish model. The result showed that PCB1254 exposure inhibited cell proliferation and increased the apoptosis of the 661w cells, and the dose–response relationship between the retinal development-related genes (SWS1, CRX, Rho), miR-20b expression and PCB1254 exposure was also discovered. We confirmed that miR-20b targeted FGF2 and GRB2 by constructing a dual luciferase reporter gene and suppressed the cell function as well as PCB1254. In the miR-20b overexpression zebrafish model, we found abnormal retinal morphology characterized by sparse and irregular photoreceptor cells and the thick photoreceptor cell layers. Our results demonstrate for the first time that PCBs target the MAPK/ERK signaling through miR-20b, affecting retinal cell development and leading to visual impairment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xin Zhang
- Department of Child Health Care, The Affiliated Obstetrics and Gynecology Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 210004, China.,Department of Child Health Care, Nanjing Maternity and Child Health Care Hospital, Nanjing 210004, China.,Department of Pediatrics, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 210029, China
| | - Qingyu Zhang
- Department of Pediatrics, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 210029, China.,Department of Child Health Care, Northwest Women's and Children's Hospital, Xian 710061, China
| | - Yue Jiang
- Department of Child Health Care, The Affiliated Obstetrics and Gynecology Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 210004, China.,Department of Child Health Care, Nanjing Maternity and Child Health Care Hospital, Nanjing 210004, China.,Department of Pediatrics, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 210029, China
| | - Shuchun Zhang
- Department of Child Health Care, The Affiliated Obstetrics and Gynecology Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 210004, China.,Department of Child Health Care, Nanjing Maternity and Child Health Care Hospital, Nanjing 210004, China.,Department of Pediatrics, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 210029, China
| | - Qin Hong
- Department of Child Health Care, The Affiliated Obstetrics and Gynecology Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 210004, China.,Department of Child Health Care, Nanjing Maternity and Child Health Care Hospital, Nanjing 210004, China.,Department of Pediatrics, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 210029, China
| | - Xirong Guo
- Department of Child Health Care, The Affiliated Obstetrics and Gynecology Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 210004, China.,Department of Child Health Care, Nanjing Maternity and Child Health Care Hospital, Nanjing 210004, China.,Department of Pediatrics, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 210029, China
| | - Xia Chi
- Department of Child Health Care, The Affiliated Obstetrics and Gynecology Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 210004, China.,Department of Child Health Care, Nanjing Maternity and Child Health Care Hospital, Nanjing 210004, China.,Department of Pediatrics, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 210029, China
| | - Meiling Tong
- Department of Child Health Care, The Affiliated Obstetrics and Gynecology Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 210004, China.,Department of Child Health Care, Nanjing Maternity and Child Health Care Hospital, Nanjing 210004, China.,Department of Pediatrics, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 210029, China
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Variation in opsin transcript expression explains intraretinal differences in spectral sensitivity of the northern anchovy. Vis Neurosci 2018; 35:E005. [DOI: 10.1017/s0952523818000019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
AbstractVertebrate retinal photoreceptors house visual pigments that absorb light to begin the process of vision. The light absorbed by a visual pigment depends on its two molecular components: protein (opsin) and chromophore (a vitamin A derivative). Although an increasing number of studies show intraretinal variability in visual pigment content, it is only for two mammals (human and mouse) and two birds (chicken and pigeon) that such variability has been demonstrated to underlie differences in spectral sensitivity of the animal. Here, we show that the spectral sensitivity of the northern anchovy varies with retinal quadrant and that this variability can be explained by differences in the expression of opsin transcripts. Retinal (vitamin A1) was the only chromophore detected in the retina, ruling out this molecular component as a source of variation in spectral sensitivity. Chromatic adaptation experiments further showed that the dorsal retina had the capacity to mediate color vision. Together with published results for the ventral retina, this study is the first to demonstrate that intraretinal opsin variability in a fish drives corresponding variation in the animal’s spectral sensitivity.
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