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Sobenes C, Díaz C, Sandoval F. Critical swimming speed at different temperatures for small-bodied freshwater native riverine fish species. Sci Rep 2024; 14:18526. [PMID: 39122770 PMCID: PMC11316079 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-69355-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2024] [Accepted: 08/04/2024] [Indexed: 08/12/2024] Open
Abstract
This study evaluated the effect of fish total length (LT) and three water temperatures (10, 15 and 20 °C) on the critical swimming speed (Ucrit) of the species Percilia irwini (2.9-6.3 cm LT), Cheirodon galusdae (3.4-5.5 cm LT), and Trichomycterus areolatus (4.0-6.3 cm LT). An Ucrit estimation model was constructed for each species as a function of temperature and size. The results showed mean Ucrit for P. irwini of 44.56, 53.83 and 63.2 cm s-1 at 10, 15 and 20 °C, respectively: 55.34, 61.74 and 70.05 cm s-1 for C. galusdae and 56.18, 63.01 and 71.09 cm s-1 for T. areolatus. Critical velocity depended on the interaction between species, body length and water. The swimming performance increased significantly with rising temperature in all three species. The velocity also increased with greater fish total length. After controlling for fish total length, velocity also increased with higher temperature in the three species. This research is relevant to small fish species that require conservation measures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Catterina Sobenes
- Departamento de Ingeniería Civil, Facultad de Ingeniería, Universidad Católica de la Santísima Concepción, 4090541, Concepción, Chile.
- Centro de Investigación en Biodiversidad y Ambientes Sustentables (CIBAS), Universidad Católica de la Santísima Concepción, 4090541, Concepción, Chile.
| | - Chrsitian Díaz
- Centro de Investigación en Biodiversidad y Ambientes Sustentables (CIBAS), Universidad Católica de la Santísima Concepción, 4090541, Concepción, Chile
- Departamento de Ingeniería Civil Industrial, Facultad de Ingeniería, Universidad Católica de la Santísima Concepción, 4090541, Concepción, Chile
| | - Francisca Sandoval
- Magíster en Medio Ambiente, Facultad de Ingeniería, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad Católica de la Santísima Concepción, 4090541, Concepción, Chile
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Rao J, Wei Q, Tang L, Wang Y, Liang R, Li K. A design of a nature-like fishway to solve the fractured river connectivity caused by small hydropower based on hydrodynamics and fish behaviors. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2024; 31:27883-27896. [PMID: 38523215 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-024-33034-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2024] [Accepted: 03/18/2024] [Indexed: 03/26/2024]
Abstract
Achieving a harmonious alignment between the biological characteristics of fish and hydrodynamics patterns is crucial for ensuring the efficacy of fish passage facilities. In this study, based on the hydrodynamic characteristics of the river and the biological characteristics of fish, we evaluated the internal flow field in the nature-like fishway of Congen II hydropower station located along the Chabao river and explored methods to improve the operation efficiency. Based on comprehensive considerations of the flow field, turbulent kinetic energy, and the migration pathways of fish, it is found that the implementation of a continuous oblique bottom slope represents a more cost-effective and operationally convenient solution. The influence of different permutation of bulkheads in the nature-like fishway on operational efficiency was further examined. Our investigation revealed that the nature-like fishway with the continuous slope of 2% and the arrangement of three bulkheads in each row (model 3) exhibited a relatively simple velocity distribution and linear flow line, which poses challenges for fish in locating resting areas. In addition, the distribution of low turbulence kinetic energy area in the mainstream made it less favorable for fish to transition from the mainstream to the rest area within the fishway. The nature-like fishway with the continuous slope of 2% and the arrangement of two or three bulkheads in staggered rows (model 4) demonstrated better performance. Several potential fish migration routes for both model 3 and model 4 were proposed based on the numerical simulation results. In model 3, fish exhibited a continuous sprint through the concentrated high-speed area, which was less favorable for fish to rest and forage. In contrast, model 4 exhibited a diversified flow velocity distribution, enabling fish to make timely changes in their direction during migration. This feather proved to be advantageous in enhancing fish migration within the passage. The design of nature-like fishway in this study provides an important reference and technical support for the construction and optimization of the nature-like fishway for low dams, and is of great significance for restoring river connectivity destroyed by small hydropower construction and improving fish migration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jianing Rao
- State Key Laboratory of Hydraulics and Mountain River Engineering, Sichuan University, No. 24 South Section 1, Yihuan Road, Chengdu, 610065, China
| | - Qi Wei
- Sichuan Water Development Investigation, Design & Research Co., Ltd, Chengdu, 610072, China
| | - Lian Tang
- State Key Laboratory of Hydraulics and Mountain River Engineering, Sichuan University, No. 24 South Section 1, Yihuan Road, Chengdu, 610065, China
| | - Yuanming Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Hydraulics and Mountain River Engineering, Sichuan University, No. 24 South Section 1, Yihuan Road, Chengdu, 610065, China.
| | - Ruifeng Liang
- State Key Laboratory of Hydraulics and Mountain River Engineering, Sichuan University, No. 24 South Section 1, Yihuan Road, Chengdu, 610065, China
| | - Kefeng Li
- State Key Laboratory of Hydraulics and Mountain River Engineering, Sichuan University, No. 24 South Section 1, Yihuan Road, Chengdu, 610065, China
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Cai L, Huang Y, Johnson D, Li M, Liu R, Hu W, Jin Y, Chen X, Tao J, Zou X, Hou Y. Swimming ability of cyprinid species (subfamily schizothoracinae) at high altitude. Front Physiol 2023; 14:1152697. [PMID: 37546530 PMCID: PMC10399625 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2023.1152697] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2023] [Accepted: 07/12/2023] [Indexed: 08/08/2023] Open
Abstract
The primary objective of this investigation was to study the effect of altitude on fish swimming ability. Different species were tested to ensure that the differences observed are not associated with a single species. Fish critical swimming speed and burst speed were determined using stepped-velocity tests in a Brett-type swimming respirometer. Based on the effects of water temperature and dissolved oxygen, it is clear that the swimming ability of fish decreases as altitude increases. Further, because the effects of high altitude on fish physiology go beyond the effects of lower temperature and dissolved oxygen, we recommend that fish swimming ability be tested at an altitude similar to the target fishway site to ensure the validity of fish data used for fishway design.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lu Cai
- Key Laboratory of Ecological Impacts of Hydraulic-Projects and Restoration of Aquatic Ecosystem, Institute of Hydroecology, Ministry of Water Resources and Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, China
- Engineering Research Center of Eco-Environment in Three Gorges Reservoir Region, China Three Gorges University, Yichang, China
| | - Yingping Huang
- Engineering Research Center of Eco-Environment in Three Gorges Reservoir Region, China Three Gorges University, Yichang, China
| | - David Johnson
- Key Laboratory of Ecological Impacts of Hydraulic-Projects and Restoration of Aquatic Ecosystem, Institute of Hydroecology, Ministry of Water Resources and Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, China
- Engineering Research Center of Eco-Environment in Three Gorges Reservoir Region, China Three Gorges University, Yichang, China
- School of Natural Sciences and Mathematics, Ferrum College, Ferrum, VA, United States
| | - Minne Li
- Engineering Research Center of Eco-Environment in Three Gorges Reservoir Region, China Three Gorges University, Yichang, China
| | - Rui Liu
- Northwest Engineering Corporation Limited of PowerChina, Xian, China
| | - Wangbin Hu
- Key Laboratory of Ecological Impacts of Hydraulic-Projects and Restoration of Aquatic Ecosystem, Institute of Hydroecology, Ministry of Water Resources and Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, China
| | - Yao Jin
- Key Laboratory of Ecological Impacts of Hydraulic-Projects and Restoration of Aquatic Ecosystem, Institute of Hydroecology, Ministry of Water Resources and Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, China
| | - Xiaojuan Chen
- Key Laboratory of Ecological Impacts of Hydraulic-Projects and Restoration of Aquatic Ecosystem, Institute of Hydroecology, Ministry of Water Resources and Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, China
| | - Jiangping Tao
- Key Laboratory of Ecological Impacts of Hydraulic-Projects and Restoration of Aquatic Ecosystem, Institute of Hydroecology, Ministry of Water Resources and Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, China
| | - Xuan Zou
- Key Laboratory of Ecological Impacts of Hydraulic-Projects and Restoration of Aquatic Ecosystem, Institute of Hydroecology, Ministry of Water Resources and Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, China
- GNSS Research Center, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Yiqun Hou
- Key Laboratory of Ecological Impacts of Hydraulic-Projects and Restoration of Aquatic Ecosystem, Institute of Hydroecology, Ministry of Water Resources and Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, China
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Qin Y, Wei Q, Ji Q, Li K, Liang R, Wang Y. Determining the position of a fish passage facility entrance based on endemic fish swimming abilities and flow field. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2023; 30:6104-6116. [PMID: 35986851 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-022-22581-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2022] [Accepted: 08/12/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Hydropower development can significantly mitigate climate change and reduce carbon emissions, but it can also have substantial negative impacts on river environments and fish biodiversity. Fish passage facilities are built to ensure sustainable hydropower development and the biodiversity of fish populations. The locations of the entrances to these facilities play a key role in their efficiency. This study presents a reliable approach that combines the swimming ability of fish and a numerical flow field simulation to determine the optimal location for a fish passage facility entrance. In this study, we used the Gujun Reservoir upstream of the Yangtze River as a case study. A field experiment was conducted, and the swimming abilities of eight endemic fish species in the upstream region of the Yangtze River were measured. Among the tested species, the fastest induced swimming speed (0.14 m/s) was achieved by Glyptothorax sinense, while the slowest critical swimming speed (0.30 m/s) was observed for Paracobitis potanini. We propose that the velocity near the fish passage facility entrance should be higher than the maximum induced swimming speed and lower than the minimum critical swimming speed, making the suitable range between 0.14 and 0.30 m/s. On this basis, velocity fields 500 m downstream of the dam of the Gujun Reservoir under 4 operating conditions with discharge flows of 5.7 m3/s, 23.3 m3/s, 32.5 m3/s, and 41.1 m3/s were calculated. The results showed that the flow field variation downstream of the dam was between 0.1 and 0.9 m/s. After comparing the suitable areas for the target species, the left bank at location 2 was recommended as the optimal location for the fish passage facility entrance in the Gujun Reservoir.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yunong Qin
- State Key Laboratory of Hydraulics and Mountain River Engineering, Sichuan University, No. 24 South Section 1, Yihuan Road, Chengdu, 610065, China
| | - Qi Wei
- State Key Laboratory of Hydraulics and Mountain River Engineering, Sichuan University, No. 24 South Section 1, Yihuan Road, Chengdu, 610065, China
| | - Qianfeng Ji
- State Key Laboratory of Hydraulics and Mountain River Engineering, Sichuan University, No. 24 South Section 1, Yihuan Road, Chengdu, 610065, China
| | - Kefeng Li
- State Key Laboratory of Hydraulics and Mountain River Engineering, Sichuan University, No. 24 South Section 1, Yihuan Road, Chengdu, 610065, China
| | - Ruifeng Liang
- State Key Laboratory of Hydraulics and Mountain River Engineering, Sichuan University, No. 24 South Section 1, Yihuan Road, Chengdu, 610065, China
| | - Yuanming Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Hydraulics and Mountain River Engineering, Sichuan University, No. 24 South Section 1, Yihuan Road, Chengdu, 610065, China.
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Flow velocity preference of Schizothorax oconnori Lloyd swimming upstream. Glob Ecol Conserv 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.gecco.2021.e01902] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
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Chen M, An R, Li J, Li K, Li F. Identifying operation scenarios to optimize attraction flow near fishway entrances for endemic fishes on the Tibetan Plateau of China to match their swimming characteristics: A case study. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2019; 693:133615. [PMID: 31376753 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2019.133615] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2019] [Revised: 07/04/2019] [Accepted: 07/25/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Attracting fish at fishway entrances is vital for ensuring fish passage efficiency, which requires consideration of the swimming characteristics of fish. The objective of this case study was to propose optimized flow conditions downstream of a dam on the Tibetan Plateau to attract fish into fishways. Six local endemic species of Cyprinidae: Schizothoracinae were considered as protection targets. However, the swimming abilities of most endemic fishes on the plateau remain unclear, and no previous projects in this area could serve as a reference. Thus, the swimming performances of the target species were first tested based on three indexes, induction velocity, critical swimming speed and bursting swimming speed, and six behavior zones were classified by different flow velocity thresholds based on the test results. A verified 3D hydrodynamic model was then adopted to simulate the flow field downstream of the dam under four typical reservoir operation scenarios. By matching the simulated flow fields to the different behavior zones, all scenarios were assessed for the passability of the target fishes, and the results showed that there would be different potential migration routes under each scenario. For the most common scenario during the fish passage season, symmetrical use of turbines T1 and T6 was recommended so that the flow would be lower velocity and the turbulence would be less intense near the fishway entrances than the current regime. Moreover, the addition of a new entrance was suggested on the migration routes with high potential use to increase the chance that fish would enter. Beyond providing a solution for this specific case, this study enriches knowledge about the swimming features of endemic fishes on the Tibetan Plateau. Furthermore, this research provides a possible technical methodology that combines fish behavioral characteristics and hydraulic indexes when determining attraction flows in similar fish passage projects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Min Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Hydraulics and Mountain River Engineering, College of Water Resource & Hydropower, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Ruidong An
- State Key Laboratory of Hydraulics and Mountain River Engineering, College of Water Resource & Hydropower, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China.
| | - Jia Li
- State Key Laboratory of Hydraulics and Mountain River Engineering, College of Water Resource & Hydropower, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Kefeng Li
- State Key Laboratory of Hydraulics and Mountain River Engineering, College of Water Resource & Hydropower, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Fang Li
- State Key Laboratory of Hydraulics and Mountain River Engineering, College of Water Resource & Hydropower, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
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