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Li Z, Mo RL, Gong JF, Han L, Wang WF, Huang DK, Xu JG, Sun YJ, Chen S, Han GC, Sun DQ. Dihydrotanshinone I inhibits gallbladder cancer growth by targeting the Keap1-Nrf2 signaling pathway and Nrf2 phosphorylation. PHYTOMEDICINE : INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF PHYTOTHERAPY AND PHYTOPHARMACOLOGY 2024; 129:155661. [PMID: 38677269 DOI: 10.1016/j.phymed.2024.155661] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2023] [Revised: 03/19/2024] [Accepted: 04/19/2024] [Indexed: 04/29/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Gallbladder cancer (GBC) poses a significant risk to human health. Its development is influenced by numerous factors, particularly the homeostasis of reactive oxygen species (ROS) within cells. This homeostasis is crucial for tumor cell survival, and abnormal regulation of ROS is associated with the occurrence and progression of many cancers. Dihydrotanshinone I (DHT I), a biologically effective ingredient isolated from Salvia miltiorrhiza, has exhibited cytotoxic properties against various tumor cells by inducing apoptosis. However, the precise molecular mechanisms by which dht I exerts its cytotoxic effects remain unclear. PURPOSE To explore the anti-tumor impact of dht I on GBC and elucidate the potential molecular mechanisms. METHODS The proliferation of GBC cells, NOZ and SGC-996, was assessed using various assays, including CCK-8 assay, colony formation assay and EdU staining. We also examined cell apoptosis, cell cycle progression, ROS levels, and alterations in mitochondrial membrane potential to delve into the intricate molecular mechanism. Quantitative PCR (qPCR), immunofluorescence staining, and Western blotting were performed to evaluate target gene expression at both the mRNA and protein levels. The correlation between nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 (Nrf2) and kelch-like ECH-associated protein 1 (Keap1) were examined using co-immunoprecipitation. Finally, the in vivo effect of dht I was investigated using a xenograft model of gallbladder cancer in mice. RESULTS Our research findings indicated that dht I exerted cytotoxic effects on GBC cells, including inhibiting proliferation, disrupting mitochondrial membrane potential, inducing oxidative stress and apoptosis. Our in vivo studies substantiated the inhibition of dht I on tumor growth in xenograft nude mice. Mechanistically, dht I primarily targeted Nrf2 by promoting Keap1 mediated Nrf2 degradation and inhibiting protein kinase C (PKC) induced Nrf2 phosphorylation. This leads to the suppression of Nrf2 nuclear translocation and reduction of its target gene expression. Moreover, Nrf2 overexpression effectively counteracted the anti-tumor effects of dht I, while Nrf2 knockdown significantly enhanced the inhibitory effect of dht I on GBC. Meanwhile, PKC inhibitors and nuclear import inhibitors increased the sensitivity of GBC cells to dht I treatment. Conversely, Nrf2 activators, proteasome inhibitors, antioxidants and PKC activators all antagonized dht I induced apoptosis and ROS generation in NOZ and SGC-996 cells. CONCLUSION Our findings indicated that dht I inhibited the growth of GBC cells by regulating the Keap1-Nrf2 signaling pathway and Nrf2 phosphorylation. These insights provide a strong rationale for further investigation of dht I as a potential therapeutic agent for GBC treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhuang Li
- Department of General Surgery, The Chinese People's Armed Police Forces Anhui Provincial Corps Hospital, Hefei 230041, China; Research Technology Center, Anhui University of Chinese Medicine, Hefei 230038, China
| | - Rong-Liang Mo
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Anhui Medical University, Hefei 230032, China
| | - Jun-Feng Gong
- Department of General Surgery, The Chinese People's Armed Police Forces Anhui Provincial Corps Hospital, Hefei 230041, China
| | - Lin Han
- Department of General Surgery, The Chinese People's Armed Police Forces Anhui Provincial Corps Hospital, Hefei 230041, China
| | - Wen-Fei Wang
- Department of General Surgery, The Chinese People's Armed Police Forces Anhui Provincial Corps Hospital, Hefei 230041, China
| | - Da-Ke Huang
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Anhui Medical University, Hefei 230032, China
| | - Jie-Gou Xu
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Anhui Medical University, Hefei 230032, China
| | - Yan-Jun Sun
- Department of General Surgery, The Chinese People's Armed Police Forces Anhui Provincial Corps Hospital, Hefei 230041, China
| | - Shuo Chen
- Research Technology Center, Anhui University of Chinese Medicine, Hefei 230038, China
| | - Gen-Cheng Han
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Anhui Medical University, Hefei 230032, China.
| | - Deng-Qun Sun
- Department of General Surgery, The Chinese People's Armed Police Forces Anhui Provincial Corps Hospital, Hefei 230041, China.
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Hamed AR, Nabih HK, El-Rashedy AA, Mohamed TA, Mostafa OE, K. Ali S, Efferth T, Hegazy MEF. Salvimulticanol from Salvia multicaulis suppresses LPS-induced inflammation in RAW264.7 macrophages: in vitro and in silico studies. 3 Biotech 2024; 14:144. [PMID: 38706927 PMCID: PMC11065832 DOI: 10.1007/s13205-024-03987-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2024] [Accepted: 04/07/2024] [Indexed: 05/07/2024] Open
Abstract
Sustained inflammatory responses can badly affect several vital organs and lead to chronic inflammation-related disorders, such as atherosclerosis, pneumonia, rheumatoid arthritis, obesity, diabetes, Alzheimer's disease, and cancers. Salvia multicaulis is one of the widely distributed plants that contains several biologically active phytochemicals and diterpenoids with anti-inflammatory effects. Therefore, finding alternative and safer natural plant-extracted compounds with good curative anti-inflammatory efficiencies is an urgent need for the clinical treatment of inflammation-related diseases. In the current study, S. multicaulis Vahl was used to extract and isolate two compounds identified as salvimulticanol and candesalvone B methyl ester to examine their effects against inflammation in murine macrophage RAW264.7 cells that were induced by lipopolysaccharide (LPS). Accordingly, after culturing RAW264.7 cells and induction of inflammation by LPS (100 ng/ml), cells were exposed to different concentrations (9, 18, 37.5, 75, and 150 µM) of each compound. Then, Griess assay for detection of nitric oxide (NO) levels and western blotting for the determination of inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) expression were performed. Molecular docking and molecular dynamics (MD) simulation studies were employed to investigate the anti-inflammatory mechanism. Our obtained results validated that the level of NO was significantly decreased in the macrophage cell suspensions as a response to salvimulticanol treatment in a dose-dependent manner (IC50: 25.1 ± 1.2 µM) as compared to the methyl ester of candesalvone B which exerted a weaker inhibition (IC50: 69.2 ± 3.0 µM). This decline in NO percentage was comparable with a down-regulation of iNOS expression by western blotting. Salvimulticanol strongly interacted with both the Toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4)/myeloid differentiation factor 2 (MD-2) complex and the inhibitor of nuclear factor kappa-B (NF-κB) kinase subunit beta (IKKβ) to disrupt their inflammatory activation due to the significant hydrogen bonds and effective interactions with amino acid residues present in the target proteins' active sites. S.multicaulis is a rich natural source of the aromatic abietane diterpenoid, salvimulticanol, which exerted a strong anti-inflammatory effect through targeting iNOS and diminishing NO production in LPS-induced RAW264.7 cells in a mechanism that is dependent on the inhibition of TLR4-MD-2 and IKKβ as activators of the classical NF-κB-mediated inflammatory pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ahmed R. Hamed
- Chemistry of Medicinal Plants Department, Pharmaceutical and Drug Industries Research Institute, National Research Centre, 33 El Bohouth St., Dokki, P.O. 12622, Giza, Egypt
- Biology Unit, Central Laboratory for Pharmaceutical and Drug Industries Research Institute, National Research Centre, 33 El Bohouth St., Dokki, P.O. 12622, Giza, Egypt
| | - Heba K. Nabih
- Medical Biochemistry Department, Medicine and Clinical Studies Research Institute, National Research Centre, 33 El Bohouth St., Dokki, P.O. 12622, Giza, Egypt
| | - Ahmed A. El-Rashedy
- Molecular Dynamics Unit, Pharmaceutical and Drug Industries Research Institute, National Research Centre, 33 El Bohouth St., Dokki, P.O. 12622, Giza, Egypt
| | - Tarik A. Mohamed
- Chemistry of Medicinal Plants Department, Pharmaceutical and Drug Industries Research Institute, National Research Centre, 33 El Bohouth St., Dokki, P.O. 12622, Giza, Egypt
| | - Olfat E. Mostafa
- Poison Control Center, Ain Shams University Hospitals, P.O. 1181, Abbasia, Cairo Egypt
| | - Sherine K. Ali
- Chemistry of Medicinal Plants Department, Pharmaceutical and Drug Industries Research Institute, National Research Centre, 33 El Bohouth St., Dokki, P.O. 12622, Giza, Egypt
| | - Thomas Efferth
- Pharmaceutical Biology Department, Institute of Pharmaceutical and Biomedical Sciences, Johannes Gutenberg University, Staudinger Weg 5, 55128 Mainz, Germany
| | - Mohamed-Elamir F. Hegazy
- Chemistry of Medicinal Plants Department, Pharmaceutical and Drug Industries Research Institute, National Research Centre, 33 El Bohouth St., Dokki, P.O. 12622, Giza, Egypt
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López-Cabeza R, Rodríguez-Sabina S, Reyes CP, Expósito DG, Giménez C, Jiménez IA, Cabrera R, Bazzocchi IL. Bio-guided isolation of aromatic abietane diterpenoids from Salvia canariensis as biopesticides in the control of phytopathogenic fungi. PEST MANAGEMENT SCIENCE 2024; 80:2199-2207. [PMID: 38258969 DOI: 10.1002/ps.7958] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2023] [Revised: 12/22/2023] [Accepted: 12/29/2023] [Indexed: 01/24/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Biofungicides arise as a promising alternative to the indiscriminate use of harmful synthetic fungicides in crop management. RESULTS The present study reports the bio-guided fractionation of an endemic plant from the Canary Islands, Salvia canariensis against the phytopathogens, Alternaria alternata, Botrytis cinerea, and Fusarium oxysporum. This procedure allowed identifying a series of diterpenoids with an abietane skeleton (1-5), which exhibited remarkable activity against the phytopathogenic fungi assayed. Their structures were established by means of spectroscopic and spectrometric methods, as well as comparison with reported data. Compounds 2 (carnosic acid), 4 (11-acetoxy carnosic acid) and 5 (11,12-diacetoxy carnosic acid) showed significant mycelium growth inhibition (%GI > 50 at 0.1 mg/mL concentration) on all the assayed fungi, and with a potency also higher than the positive control, Fosbel-Plus, a fungicide commonly used in agriculture. A preliminary structure-activity relationship is also discussed. CONCLUSIONS These findings underline the aromatic abietane diterpenoids as promising eco-friendly alternatives to conventional fungicides to use in integrated pest management. © 2024 The Authors. Pest Management Science published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd on behalf of Society of Chemical Industry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rocío López-Cabeza
- Departamento de Química Orgánica, Instituto Universitario de Bio-Orgánica Antonio González, Universidad de La Laguna, La Laguna, Spain
- Departamento de Agroquímica, Microbiología Ambiental y Protección de Suelos y Agua, Instituto de Recursos Naturales y Agrobiología de Sevilla (IRNAS), CSIC, Sevilla, Spain
| | - Samuel Rodríguez-Sabina
- Departamento de Botánica, Ecología y Fisiología Vegetal, Facultad de Biología, Universidad de La Laguna, La Laguna, Spain
| | - Carolina P Reyes
- Departamento de Bioquímica, Microbiología, Biología Celular y Genética, Instituto Universitario de Bio-Orgánica Antonio González, Universidad de La Laguna, La Laguna, Spain
| | - Daniela G Expósito
- Departamento de Química Orgánica, Instituto Universitario de Bio-Orgánica Antonio González, Universidad de La Laguna, La Laguna, Spain
| | - Cristina Giménez
- Departamento de Botánica, Ecología y Fisiología Vegetal, Facultad de Biología, Universidad de La Laguna, La Laguna, Spain
| | - Ignacio A Jiménez
- Departamento de Química Orgánica, Instituto Universitario de Bio-Orgánica Antonio González, Universidad de La Laguna, La Laguna, Spain
| | - Raimundo Cabrera
- Departamento de Botánica, Ecología y Fisiología Vegetal, Facultad de Biología, Universidad de La Laguna, La Laguna, Spain
| | - Isabel L Bazzocchi
- Departamento de Química Orgánica, Instituto Universitario de Bio-Orgánica Antonio González, Universidad de La Laguna, La Laguna, Spain
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Yang F, Ma N, Li S, Chen F, Huang X, Zhao L, Cao L. Tanshinone IIA Alleviates Early Brain Injury after Subarachnoid Hemorrhage in Rats by Inhibiting the Activation of NF-κB/NLRP3 Inflammasome. Biol Pharm Bull 2024; 47:279-291. [PMID: 38057100 DOI: 10.1248/bpb.b23-00519] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/08/2023]
Abstract
The abnormal activation of the nuclear factor-kappa B (NF-κB)/nod-like receptor family-pyrin domain-containing 3 (NLRP3) signaling pathway is closely related to early brain injury after subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH). Targeting the NLRP3-inflammasome has been considered an efficient therapy for the local inflammatory response after SAH. Tanshinone IIA (Tan IIA), a major component extracted from Salvia miltiorrhiza, has been reported to have anti-inflammatory effects. The aim of this study was to investigate the effect and mechanism of Tan IIA on early brain injury after SAH. In vivo SAH injury was established by endovascular perforation technique in Sprague-Dawley rats. Limb-placement test and corner turning test were used to measure the behavior. Terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase-mediated deoxyuridine triphosphate nick-end labeling (TUNEL) staining, hematoxylin-eosin (H&E) staining, and immunofluorescence were used to evaluate the nerve damage. Real-time RT quantitative PCR (RT-qPCR) was used to quantify the levels of inflammatory factors. Western blot was performed for the activation of the NF-κB/NLRP3 pathway. An in vitro SAH model was used to validate the conclusion. We found that the neurobehavioral impairment and cerebral edema in SAH model rats given Tan IIA were alleviated. Further study demonstrated that Tan IIA could inhibit SAH-secondary neuronal apoptosis around hematoma and alleviate brain injury. Tan IIA down-regulated the expression of interleukin-6 (IL)-6, monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 (MCP-1), and tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α, and inhibited the activation of NF-κB. And the overexpression of pro-inflammatory factors NLRP3, IL-1β, and IL-18 induced after SAH was also reversed by Tan IIA. In conclusions, Tan IIA could inhibit the NF-κB/NLRP3 inflammasome activation to protect and ameliorate SAH-followed early brain injury, and may be a preventive and therapeutic strategy against SAH.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fanhui Yang
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, The Affiliated Hospital of North Sichuan Medical College
| | - Ningshuai Ma
- Department of Ultrasonography, The Affiliated Hospital of North Sichuan Medical College
| | - Suping Li
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, The Affiliated Hospital of North Sichuan Medical College
| | - Fei Chen
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, The Affiliated Hospital of North Sichuan Medical College
| | - Xiaohong Huang
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, The Affiliated Hospital of North Sichuan Medical College
| | - Li Zhao
- Department of Neurology, The Affiliated Hospital of North Sichuan Medical College
- Institute of Neurological Diseases, North Sichuan Medical College
| | - Lingzhi Cao
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, The Affiliated Hospital of North Sichuan Medical College
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Zhumaliyeva G, Zhussupova A, Zhusupova GE, Błońska-Sikora E, Cerreto A, Omirbekova N, Zhunusbayeva Z, Gemejiyeva N, Ramazanova M, Wrzosek M, Ross SA. Natural Compounds of Salvia L. Genus and Molecular Mechanism of Their Biological Activity. Biomedicines 2023; 11:3151. [PMID: 38137372 PMCID: PMC10740457 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines11123151] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2023] [Revised: 11/07/2023] [Accepted: 11/20/2023] [Indexed: 12/24/2023] Open
Abstract
The study of medicinal plants is important, as they are the natural reserve of potent biologically active compounds. With wide use in traditional medicine and the inclusion of several species (as parts and as a whole plant) in pharmacopeia, species from the genus Salvia L. are known for the broad spectrum of their biological activities. Studies suggest that these plants possess antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, antinociceptive, anticancer, antimicrobial, antidiabetic, antiangiogenic, hepatoprotective, cognitive and memory-enhancing effects. Phenolic acids, terpenoids and flavonoids are important phytochemicals, which are primarily responsible for the medicinal activity of Salvia L. This review collects and summarizes currently available data on the pharmacological properties of sage, outlining its principal physiologically active components, and it explores the molecular mechanism of their biological activity. Particular attention was given to the species commonly found in Kazakhstan, especially to Salvia trautvetteri Regel, which is native to this country.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gaziza Zhumaliyeva
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Al-Farabi Kazakh National University, Al-Farabi Ave. 71, Almaty 050040, Kazakhstan; (G.Z.); (N.O.); (Z.Z.)
| | - Aizhan Zhussupova
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Al-Farabi Kazakh National University, Al-Farabi Ave. 71, Almaty 050040, Kazakhstan; (G.Z.); (N.O.); (Z.Z.)
| | - Galiya E. Zhusupova
- Department of Chemistry and Technology of Organic Substances, Natural Compounds and Polymers, NPJSC Al-Farabi Kazakh National University, Al-Farabi Ave. 71, Almaty 050040, Kazakhstan; (G.E.Z.)
| | - Ewelina Błońska-Sikora
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Collegium Medicum, Jan Kochanowski University, 25-406 Kielce, Poland; (E.B.-S.)
| | - Antonella Cerreto
- Department of Chemistry and Technology of Drugs, Sapienza University of Rome, 00185 Rome, Italy; (A.C.)
| | - Nargul Omirbekova
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Al-Farabi Kazakh National University, Al-Farabi Ave. 71, Almaty 050040, Kazakhstan; (G.Z.); (N.O.); (Z.Z.)
| | - Zhazira Zhunusbayeva
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Al-Farabi Kazakh National University, Al-Farabi Ave. 71, Almaty 050040, Kazakhstan; (G.Z.); (N.O.); (Z.Z.)
| | - Nadezhda Gemejiyeva
- Institute of Botany and Phytointroduction, 36D/1 Timiryazev Str., Almaty 050040, Kazakhstan; (N.G.); (M.R.)
| | - Madina Ramazanova
- Institute of Botany and Phytointroduction, 36D/1 Timiryazev Str., Almaty 050040, Kazakhstan; (N.G.); (M.R.)
| | - Małgorzata Wrzosek
- Department of Biochemistry and Pharmacogenomics, Faculty of Pharmacy and Laboratory of Biochemistry and Clinical Chemistry at the Preclinical Research Center, Medical University of Warsaw, 02-097 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Samir A. Ross
- School of Pharmacy, University of Mississippi, P.O. Box 1848, University, MS 38677, USA; (S.A.R.)
- School of Pharmacy, S.D. Asfendiyarov Kazakh National Medical University, Almaty 050000, Kazakhstan
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Wang DD, Zhang R, Tang LY, Long GQ, Yan H, Yang YC, Guo ZF, Zheng YY, Wang Y, Jia JM, Wang AH. (±)-Salvicatone A: A Pair of C 27-Meroterpenoid Enantiomers with Skeletons from the Roots and Rhizomes of Salvia castanea Diels f. tomentosa Stib. J Org Chem 2023. [PMID: 37976373 DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.3c01664] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2023]
Abstract
(±)-Salvicatone A (1), a C27-meroterpenoid featuring a unique 6/6/6/6/6-pentacyclic carbon skeleton with a 7,8,8a,9,10,10a-hexahydropyren-1 (6H)-one motif, was isolated from the roots and rhizomes of Salvia castanea Diels f. tomentosa Stib. Its structure was characterized by comprehensive spectroscopic analyses along with computer-assisted structure elucidation, including ACD/structure elucidator and quantum chemical calculations with 1H/13C NMR and electronic circular dichroism. Biogenetically, compound 1 was constructed from decarboxylation following [4 + 2] Diels-Alder cycloaddition reaction between caffeic acid and miltirone analogue. Bioassays showed that (-)-1 and (+)-1 inhibited nitric oxide production in lipopolysaccharide-induced RAW264.7 macrophage cells with an IC50 value of 6.48 ± 1.25 and 15.76 ± 5.55 μM, respectively. The structure-based virtual screening based on the pharmacophores in ePharmaLib, as well as the molecular docking and molecular dynamics simulations study, implied that (-)-1 and (+)-1 may potentially bind to retinoic acid receptor-related orphan receptor C to exert anti-inflammatory activities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dong-Dong Wang
- School of Traditional Chinese Materia Medica, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang 110016, People's Republic of China
| | - Rui Zhang
- School of Traditional Chinese Materia Medica, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang 110016, People's Republic of China
| | - Lian-Yu Tang
- School of Traditional Chinese Materia Medica, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang 110016, People's Republic of China
| | - Guo-Qing Long
- School of Traditional Chinese Materia Medica, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang 110016, People's Republic of China
| | - Hui Yan
- School of Traditional Chinese Materia Medica, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang 110016, People's Republic of China
| | - Yong-Cheng Yang
- School of Traditional Chinese Materia Medica, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang 110016, People's Republic of China
| | - Zi-Feng Guo
- School of Traditional Chinese Materia Medica, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang 110016, People's Republic of China
| | - Ying-Ying Zheng
- School of Traditional Chinese Materia Medica, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang 110016, People's Republic of China
| | - Yong Wang
- School of Traditional Chinese Materia Medica, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang 110016, People's Republic of China
| | - Jing-Ming Jia
- School of Traditional Chinese Materia Medica, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang 110016, People's Republic of China
| | - An-Hua Wang
- School of Traditional Chinese Materia Medica, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang 110016, People's Republic of China
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Zhao J, Xu L, Jin D, Xin Y, Tian L, Wang T, Zhao D, Wang Z, Wang J. Rosmarinic Acid and Related Dietary Supplements: Potential Applications in the Prevention and Treatment of Cancer. Biomolecules 2022; 12:biom12101410. [PMID: 36291619 PMCID: PMC9599057 DOI: 10.3390/biom12101410] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2022] [Revised: 09/24/2022] [Accepted: 09/28/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Cancer constitutes a severe threat to human health and quality of life and is one of the most significant causes of morbidity and mortality worldwide. Natural dietary products have drawn substantial attention in cancer treatment and prevention due to their availability and absence of toxicity. Rosmarinic acid (RA) is known for its excellent antioxidant properties and is safe and effective in preventing and inhibiting tumors. This review summarizes recent publications on culture techniques, extraction processes, and anti-tumor applications of RA-enriched dietary supplements. We discuss techniques to improve RA bioavailability and provide a mechanistic discussion of RA regarding tumor prevention, treatment, and adjuvant therapy. RA exhibits anticancer activity by regulating oxidative stress, chronic inflammation, cell cycle, apoptosis, and metastasis. These data suggest that daily use of RA-enriched dietary supplements can contribute to tumor prevention and treatment. RA has the potential for application in anti-tumor drug development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiachao Zhao
- College of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Changchun University of Chinese Medicine, Changchun 130117, China
| | - Liwei Xu
- Department of Respirology, First Affiliated Hospital to Changchun University of Chinese Medicine, Changchun 130021, China
| | - Di Jin
- College of Chinese Medicine, Changchun University of Chinese Medicine, Changchun 130117, China
| | - Yu Xin
- School of pharmaceutical sciences, Changchun University of Chinese Medicine, Changchun 130117, China
| | - Lin Tian
- Department of Respirology, First Affiliated Hospital to Changchun University of Chinese Medicine, Changchun 130021, China
| | - Tan Wang
- Department of Respirology, First Affiliated Hospital to Changchun University of Chinese Medicine, Changchun 130021, China
| | - Daqing Zhao
- Northeast Asia Research Institute of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Changchun University of Chinese Medicine, Changchun 130117, China
| | - Zeyu Wang
- Northeast Asia Research Institute of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Changchun University of Chinese Medicine, Changchun 130117, China
- Correspondence: (Z.W.); (J.W.)
| | - Jing Wang
- Department of Respirology, First Affiliated Hospital to Changchun University of Chinese Medicine, Changchun 130021, China
- Northeast Asia Research Institute of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Changchun University of Chinese Medicine, Changchun 130117, China
- Correspondence: (Z.W.); (J.W.)
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Overcoming Metabolic Constraints in the MEP-Pathway Enrich Salvia sclarea Hairy Roots in Therapeutic Abietane Diterpenes. APPLIED SCIENCES-BASEL 2022. [DOI: 10.3390/app12147116] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Abietane diterpenoids (e.g., carnosic acid, aethiopinone, 1-oxoaethiopinone, salvipisone, and ferruginol) synthesized in the roots of several Salvia species have proved to have promising biological activities, but their use on a large scale is limited by the very low content extracted from in vivo roots. In this review, we summarized our efforts and the achieved results aimed at optimizing the synthesis of these diterpenes in Salvia sclarea hairy roots by either elicitation or by modifying the expression of genes encoding enzymes of the MEP-pathway, the biosynthetic route from which they derive. Stable S. sclarea hairy roots (HRs) were treated with methyl jasmonate or coronatine, or genetically engineered, by tuning the expression of genes controlling enzymatic rate-limiting steps (DXS, DXR, GGPPS, CPPS alone or in combination), by silencing of the Ent-CPPS gene, encoding an enzyme acting at gibberellin lateral competitive route or by coordinate up-regulation of biosynthetic genes mediated by transcription factors (WRKY and MYC2). Altogether, these different approaches successfully increased the amount of abietane diterpenes in S. sclarea HRs from to 2 to 30 times over the content found in the control HR line.
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