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Zhang C, Mei J, Wang Y, Yu B, Liu H. Functional properties and flavor characteristics of milk from cows supplemented with jujube powder. J Dairy Sci 2024; 107:3492-3501. [PMID: 37923209 DOI: 10.3168/jds.2023-23786] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2023] [Accepted: 10/11/2023] [Indexed: 11/07/2023]
Abstract
Jujube has various functional properties and is a promising source of bioactive compounds and flavors. This study investigated the functional properties and flavor characteristics of milk from cows supplemented with jujube powder (JP). Here, milk volatile profiles and taste properties were analyzed by using an electronic nose and headspace solid-phase microextraction GC-MS. Compared with the control group, the total antioxidant capacity, 2,2'-azino-bis-3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulphonic free-radical-scavenging activity, lactoferrin, and IgG levels increased significantly in the JP group. Volatile flavor analysis indicated that ketone levels increased, acid abundance decreased, and toluene and dimethyl sulfone significantly increased in the JP group. Taste-profile analyses demonstrated that jujube supplementation altered the taste of the milk. In summary, dietary JP supplementation affects the volatile flavor composition and aroma of milk, as well as the bioactive components and antioxidant properties. These findings enhance our understanding of milk production using direct dietary supplementation to produce sustainable dairy products.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chen Zhang
- College of Animal Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310058, China
| | - Jie Mei
- College of Animal Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310058, China
| | - Yinxiang Wang
- Shandong Yinxiang Weiye Group Co. Ltd., Heze 401420, China
| | - Bo Yu
- Shandong Yinxiang Weiye Group Co. Ltd., Heze 401420, China
| | - Hongyun Liu
- College of Animal Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310058, China.
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2
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Yuan N, Chi X, Ye Q, Liu H, Zheng N. Analysis of Volatile Organic Compounds in Milk during Heat Treatment Based on E-Nose, E-Tongue and HS-SPME-GC-MS. Foods 2023; 12:foods12051071. [PMID: 36900584 PMCID: PMC10001307 DOI: 10.3390/foods12051071] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2023] [Revised: 02/20/2023] [Accepted: 02/28/2023] [Indexed: 03/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Volatile organic compounds (VOCs) make up milk flavor and are essential attributes for consumers to evaluate milk quality. In order to investigate the influence of heat treatment on the VOCs of milk, electronic nose (E-nose), electronic tongue (E-tongue) and headspace solid-phase microextraction (HS-SPME)-gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) technology were used to evaluate the changes in VOCs in milk during 65 °C heat treatment and 135 °C heat treatment. The E-nose revealed differences in the overall flavor of milk, and the overall flavor performance of milk after heat treatment at 65 °C for 30 min is similar to that of raw milk, which can maximize the preservation of the original taste of milk. However, both were significantly different to the 135 °C-treated milk. The E-tongue results showed that the different processing techniques significantly affected taste presentation. In terms of taste performance, the sweetness of raw milk was more prominent, the saltiness of milk treated at 65 °C was more prominent, and the bitterness of milk treated at 135 °C was more prominent. The results of HS-SPME-GC-MS showed that a total of 43 VOCs were identified in the three types of milk-5 aldehydes, 8 alcohols, 4 ketones, 3 esters, 13 acids, 8 hydrocarbons, 1 nitrogenous compound, and 1 phenol. The amount of acid compounds was dramatically reduced as the heat treatment temperature rose, while ketones, esters, and hydrocarbons were encouraged to accumulate instead. Furfural, 2-heptanone, 2-undecanone, 2-furanmethanol, pentanoic acid ethyl ester, 5-octanolide, and 4,7-dimethyl-undecane can be used as the characteristic VOCs of milk treated at 135 °C. Our study provides new evidence for differences in VOCs produced during milk processing and insights into quality control during milk production.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ning Yuan
- Key Laboratory of Quality & Safety Control for Milk and Dairy Products of Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Institute of Animal Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100193, China
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, Institute of Animal Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Xuelu Chi
- Key Laboratory of Quality & Safety Control for Milk and Dairy Products of Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Institute of Animal Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100193, China
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, Institute of Animal Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Qiaoyan Ye
- Key Laboratory of Quality & Safety Control for Milk and Dairy Products of Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Institute of Animal Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100193, China
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, Institute of Animal Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Huimin Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, Institute of Animal Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100193, China
- Correspondence: (H.L.); (N.Z.)
| | - Nan Zheng
- Key Laboratory of Quality & Safety Control for Milk and Dairy Products of Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Institute of Animal Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100193, China
- Correspondence: (H.L.); (N.Z.)
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Lemos ÁT, Casal S, Barba FJ, Phimolsiripol Y, Delgadillo I, Saraiva JA. Preservation of high pressure pasteurised milk by hyperbaric storage at room temperature versus refrigeration on inoculated microorganisms, fatty acids, volatile compounds and lipid oxidation. Food Chem 2022; 387:132887. [PMID: 35472715 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2022.132887] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2021] [Revised: 03/31/2022] [Accepted: 04/01/2022] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
High pressure pasteurised (HPP) milk was stored by hyperbaric storage at room temperature (HS/RT) (50-100 MPa at 20 °C) and compared with refrigeration (RF), to assess the effect on two pathogens surrogates and a pathogenic, up to 120 days, and on fatty acids, volatile organic compounds (VOCs) and secondary lipid oxidation over 60 days. HS/RT (75-100 MPa) was able to inactivate at least 6.68/6.31/6.03 log CFU/mL of Escherichia coli/Listeria innocua/Salmonella Senftenberg (to below the detection limit), while RF resulted only in minor changes. Overall, fatty acids profile remained stable under HS/RT, although secondary lipid oxidation showed slightly higher values. In addition, both HS/RT and RF showed stable and similar VOCs profiles and off-flavour indicative compounds were not detected, except for the lowest pressure (50 MPa) after 40 days. HS/RT preserved HPP milk with enhanced microbial safety, shelf-life and quality compared to RF, being in addition quasi-energetically costless and more sustainable than RF.
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Affiliation(s)
- Álvaro T Lemos
- LAQV-REQUIMTE, Department of Chemistry, University of Aveiro, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal
| | - Susana Casal
- LAQV-REQUIMTE, Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Porto, 4050-313 Porto, Portugal
| | - Francisco J Barba
- Nutrition and Food Science Area, Preventive Medicine and Public Health, Food Science, Toxicology and Forensic Medicine Department, Universitat de València, Avda. Vicent Andrés Estellés, s/n 46100 Burjassot, València, Spain
| | | | - Ivonne Delgadillo
- LAQV-REQUIMTE, Department of Chemistry, University of Aveiro, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal
| | - Jorge A Saraiva
- LAQV-REQUIMTE, Department of Chemistry, University of Aveiro, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal.
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Dharini M, Jaspin S, Jagan Mohan R, Mahendran R. Characterization of volatile aroma compounds in cold plasma‐treated milk. J FOOD PROCESS PRES 2022. [DOI: 10.1111/jfpp.17059] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Manoharan Dharini
- Centre of excellence in Non‐Thermal Processing National Institute of Food Technology, Entrepreneurship and Management Thanjavur India
| | - Stephen Jaspin
- Centre of excellence in Non‐Thermal Processing National Institute of Food Technology, Entrepreneurship and Management Thanjavur India
| | - Rangarajan Jagan Mohan
- Department of Food Product Development National Institute of Food Technology, Entrepreneurship and Management Thanjavur India
| | - Radhakrishnan Mahendran
- Centre of excellence in Non‐Thermal Processing National Institute of Food Technology, Entrepreneurship and Management Thanjavur India
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Role of Pascalization in Milk Processing and Preservation: A Potential Alternative towards Sustainable Food Processing. PHOTONICS 2021. [DOI: 10.3390/photonics8110498] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
Renewed technology has created a demand for foods which are natural in taste, minimally processed, and safe for consumption. Although thermal processing, such as pasteurization and sterilization, effectively limits pathogenic bacteria, it alters the aroma, flavor, and structural properties of milk and milk products. Nonthermal technologies have been used as an alternative to traditional thermal processing technology and have the ability to provide safe and healthy dairy products without affecting their nutritional composition and organoleptic properties. Other than nonthermal technologies, infrared spectroscopy is a nondestructive technique and may also be used for predicting the shelf life and microbial loads in milk. This review explains the role of pascalization or nonthermal techniques such as high-pressure processing (HPP), pulsed electric field (PEF), ultrasound (US), ultraviolet (UV), cold plasma treatment, membrane filtration, micro fluidization, and infrared spectroscopy in milk processing and preservation.
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6
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Novel technologies for extending the shelf life of drinking milk: Concepts, research trends and current applications. Lebensm Wiss Technol 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.lwt.2021.111746] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
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7
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The generation of volatiles in model systems containing varying casein to whey protein ratios as affected by low frequency ultrasound. Lebensm Wiss Technol 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.lwt.2021.111677] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
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8
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Liu Y, Boeren S, Zhang L, Zhou P, Hettinga K. Ultrasonication retains more milk fat globule membrane proteins compared to equivalent shear-homogenization. INNOV FOOD SCI EMERG 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ifset.2021.102703] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
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9
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Influence of Fat Concentration on the Volatile Production in Model Whey Protein Systems as Affected by Low Frequency Ultrasound. FOOD BIOPROCESS TECH 2021. [DOI: 10.1007/s11947-021-02619-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
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10
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Distinction of volatile flavor profiles in various skim milk products via HS-SPME–GC–MS and E-nose. Eur Food Res Technol 2021. [DOI: 10.1007/s00217-021-03730-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
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11
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Bui ATH, Cozzolino D, Zisu B, Chandrapala J. The production of volatile compounds in model casein systems with varying fat levels as affected by low‐frequency ultrasound. Int J Food Sci Technol 2021. [DOI: 10.1111/ijfs.15012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Anh Thi Hong Bui
- School of Sciences RMIT University Melbourne Victoria3083Australia
| | - Daniel Cozzolino
- Centre for Nutrition and Food Sciences The University of Queensland Brisbane Queensland4072Australia
| | - Bogdan Zisu
- Fluid Air Spraying Systems Co. Pty Ltd Melbourne Victoria3029Australia
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12
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Reis MG, Harris P, Berry C, Nguyen H, Maclean P, Weeks M. Tracking changes in volatile components and lipids after homogenisation and thermal processing of milk. Int Dairy J 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.idairyj.2019.104624] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
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Van Hekken DL, Iandola S, Tomasula PM. Short communication: Volatiles in microfluidized raw and heat-treated milk. J Dairy Sci 2019; 102:8819-8824. [PMID: 31378497 DOI: 10.3168/jds.2018-15776] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2018] [Accepted: 06/04/2019] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
As innovative processing equipment is introduced to milk processing, it is essential to determine its effect on milk aroma, a critical factor in consumer acceptance of the final dairy product. Microfluidization is known to cause severe high-pressure homogenization of milk fat and, although severe processing is known to release undesired aromas, no information is available on the levels of the volatile compounds in milk immediately after microfluidization. We hypothesized that microfluidization would alter levels of volatile compounds in milk that may affect aroma. The concentration of 11 selected volatile compounds in raw, thermized, pasteurized, and UHT 3.0% fat milk samples were compared before and after microfluidization at 170 MPa and common 2-stage homogenization at 15 MPa. Overall, the different milk samples had similar trends in response to homogenization, although UHT milk started with lower values of nonanoic acid, and acetone and higher levels of hexanal and heptanol. In many cases, microfluidization did not significantly alter volatile levels compared with the starting milk. Heptanal was the only compound observed to increase in thermized and UHT milk, whereas nonanoic acid and acetone decreased in raw, thermized, and pasteurized milks and octanoic acid decreased in thermized and UHT milks. The highest levels of almost all of the volatiles were found in the 2-stage homogenized milk. Overall, microfluidization had minimal effect on the volatile compound profiles of milk, although sensory evaluation is needed to confirm effects on aroma and flavor.
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Affiliation(s)
- D L Van Hekken
- Dairy and Functional Foods Research Unit, Agricultural Research Service, USDA, Wyndmoor, PA 19038
| | - S Iandola
- Dairy and Functional Foods Research Unit, Agricultural Research Service, USDA, Wyndmoor, PA 19038
| | - P M Tomasula
- Dairy and Functional Foods Research Unit, Agricultural Research Service, USDA, Wyndmoor, PA 19038.
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