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Pérez-Bermúdez I, Castillo-Suero A, Cortés-Inostroza A, Jeldrez C, Dantas A, Hernández E, Orellana-Palma P, Petzold G. Observation and Measurement of Ice Morphology in Foods: A Review. Foods 2023; 12:3987. [PMID: 37959105 PMCID: PMC10648627 DOI: 10.3390/foods12213987] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2023] [Revised: 10/18/2023] [Accepted: 10/23/2023] [Indexed: 11/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Freezing is an effective technology with which to maintain food quality. However, the formation of ice crystals during this process can cause damage to the cellular structure, leading to food deterioration. A good understanding of the relationship between food microstructure and ice morphology, as well as the ability to effectively measure and control ice crystals, is very useful to achieve high-quality frozen foods. Hence, a brief discussion is presented on the fundamentals/principles of optical microscopic techniques (light microscopy), electronic microscopic techniques (transmission electron microscopy (TEM) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM)), as well as other non-invasive techniques (X-rays, spectroscopy, and magnetic resonance) and their application to measuring ice formation rates and characterizing ice crystals, providing insight into the freezing mechanisms as well as direct monitoring of the entire process. And, in addition, this review compares (the negative and positive aspects of) the use of simple and cheap but destructive technologies (optical microscopy) with detailed microscopic technologies at the micro/nanometer scale but with pretreatments that alter the original sample (SEM and TEM), and non-destructive technologies that do not require sample preparation but which have high acquisition and operational costs. Also included are images and examples which demonstrate how useful an analysis using these techniques can be.
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Affiliation(s)
- Indira Pérez-Bermúdez
- Grupo de Crioconcentración de Alimentos y Procesos Relacionados, Departamento de Ingeniería en Alimentos, Facultad de Ciencias de la Salud y de los Alimentos, Campus Fernando May, Universidad del Bío-Bío, Av. Andrés Bello 720, Chillán 3780000, Chile
| | - Alison Castillo-Suero
- Departamento de Ingeniería en Alimentos, Facultad de Ingeniería, Campus Andrés Bello, Universidad de La Serena, Av. Raúl Bitrán 1305, La Serena 1720010, Chile; (A.C.-S.); (A.C.-I.); (C.J.)
| | - Anielka Cortés-Inostroza
- Departamento de Ingeniería en Alimentos, Facultad de Ingeniería, Campus Andrés Bello, Universidad de La Serena, Av. Raúl Bitrán 1305, La Serena 1720010, Chile; (A.C.-S.); (A.C.-I.); (C.J.)
| | - Cristóbal Jeldrez
- Departamento de Ingeniería en Alimentos, Facultad de Ingeniería, Campus Andrés Bello, Universidad de La Serena, Av. Raúl Bitrán 1305, La Serena 1720010, Chile; (A.C.-S.); (A.C.-I.); (C.J.)
| | - Adriana Dantas
- Institute of Agrifood Research and Technology (IRTA), Food Quality and Technology, Finca Camps i Armet, Monells, 17121 Girona, Spain;
| | - Eduardo Hernández
- Agri-Food Engineering and Biotechnology Department, Campus del Baix Llobregat, Universitat Politècnica de Catalunya BarcelonaTech, Edifici D-4 C/Esteve Terradas, 8, Castelldefels, 08860 Barcelona, Spain;
| | - Patricio Orellana-Palma
- Departamento de Ingeniería en Alimentos, Facultad de Ingeniería, Campus Andrés Bello, Universidad de La Serena, Av. Raúl Bitrán 1305, La Serena 1720010, Chile; (A.C.-S.); (A.C.-I.); (C.J.)
| | - Guillermo Petzold
- Grupo de Crioconcentración de Alimentos y Procesos Relacionados, Departamento de Ingeniería en Alimentos, Facultad de Ciencias de la Salud y de los Alimentos, Campus Fernando May, Universidad del Bío-Bío, Av. Andrés Bello 720, Chillán 3780000, Chile
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Yang K, Bian C, Ma X, Mei J, Xie J. Recent Advances in Emerging Techniques for Freezing and Thawing on Aquatic Products Quality. J FOOD PROCESS PRES 2022. [DOI: 10.1111/jfpp.16609] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Kun Yang
- College of Food Science and Technology Shanghai Ocean University Shanghai China
| | - Chuhan Bian
- College of Food Science and Technology Shanghai Ocean University Shanghai China
| | - Xuan Ma
- College of Food Science and Technology Shanghai Ocean University Shanghai China
| | - Jun Mei
- College of Food Science and Technology Shanghai Ocean University Shanghai China
- National Experimental Teaching Demonstration Center for Food Science and Engineering Shanghai Ocean University Shanghai China
- Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Aquatic Product Processing and Preservation Shanghai China
- Shanghai Professional Technology Service Platform on Cold Chain Equipment Performance and Energy Saving Evaluation Shanghai China
| | - Jing Xie
- College of Food Science and Technology Shanghai Ocean University Shanghai China
- National Experimental Teaching Demonstration Center for Food Science and Engineering Shanghai Ocean University Shanghai China
- Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Aquatic Product Processing and Preservation Shanghai China
- Shanghai Professional Technology Service Platform on Cold Chain Equipment Performance and Energy Saving Evaluation Shanghai China
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