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Sengupta N, Kastenberg DM, Bruining DH, Latorre M, Leighton JA, Brook OR, Wells ML, Guglielmo FF, Naringrekar HV, Gee MS, Soto JA, Park SH, Yoo DC, Ramalingam V, Huete A, Khandelwal A, Gupta A, Allen BC, Anderson MA, Dane BR, Sokhandon F, Grand DJ, Tse JR, Fidler JL. The Role of Imaging for GI Bleeding: ACG and SAR Consensus Recommendations. Radiology 2024; 310:e232298. [PMID: 38441091 DOI: 10.1148/radiol.232298] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/07/2024]
Abstract
Gastrointestinal (GI) bleeding is the most common GI diagnosis leading to hospitalization within the United States. Prompt diagnosis and treatment of GI bleeding is critical to improving patient outcomes and reducing high health care utilization and costs. Radiologic techniques including CT angiography, catheter angiography, CT enterography, MR enterography, nuclear medicine red blood cell scan, and technetium-99m pertechnetate scintigraphy (Meckel scan) are frequently used to evaluate patients with GI bleeding and are complementary to GI endoscopy. However, multiple management guidelines exist, which differ in the recommended utilization of these radiologic examinations. This variability can lead to confusion as to how these tests should be used in the evaluation of GI bleeding. In this document, a panel of experts from the American College of Gastroenterology and Society of Abdominal Radiology provide a review of the radiologic examinations used to evaluate for GI bleeding including nomenclature, technique, performance, advantages, and limitations. A comparison of advantages and limitations relative to endoscopic examinations is also included. Finally, consensus statements and recommendations on technical parameters and utilization of radiologic techniques for GI bleeding are provided. © Radiological Society of North America and the American College of Gastroenterology, 2024. Supplemental material is available for this article. This article is being published concurrently in American Journal of Gastroenterology and Radiology. The articles are identical except for minor stylistic and spelling differences in keeping with each journal's style. Citations from either journal can be used when citing this article. See also the editorial by Lockhart in this issue.
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Affiliation(s)
- Neil Sengupta
- From the Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, University of Chicago Pritzker School of Medicine, Chicago, Ill (N.S.); Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology (D.M.K.) and Department of Radiology (F.F.G., H.V.N.), Thomas Jefferson University Hospital, Philadelphia, Pa; Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology (D.H.B.) and Department of Radiology (M.L.W., A.K., J.L.F.), Mayo Clinic, 200 First St SW, Rochester, MN 55905; Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology (M.L.) and Department of Radiology (B.R.D.), NYU Langone Medical Center, New York, NY; Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Mayo Clinic Arizona, Scottsdale, Ariz (J.A.L.); Department of Radiology, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston, Mass (O.R.B., V.R.); Department of Radiology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Mass (M.S.G., M.A.A.); Department of Radiology, Boston University Medical Center, Boston, Mass (J.A.S., A.G.); Department of Radiology, Asan Medical Center, Seoul, South Korea (S.H.P.); Department of Radiology, Warren Alpert Medical School of Brown University, Rhode Island Hospital, Providence, RI (D.C.Y., D.J.G.); Department of Radiology, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile (A.H.); Department of Radiology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC (B.C.A.); Department of Radiology, William Beaumont University Hospital, Royal Oak, Mich (F.S.); and Department of Radiology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, Calif (J.R.T.)
| | - David M Kastenberg
- From the Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, University of Chicago Pritzker School of Medicine, Chicago, Ill (N.S.); Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology (D.M.K.) and Department of Radiology (F.F.G., H.V.N.), Thomas Jefferson University Hospital, Philadelphia, Pa; Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology (D.H.B.) and Department of Radiology (M.L.W., A.K., J.L.F.), Mayo Clinic, 200 First St SW, Rochester, MN 55905; Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology (M.L.) and Department of Radiology (B.R.D.), NYU Langone Medical Center, New York, NY; Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Mayo Clinic Arizona, Scottsdale, Ariz (J.A.L.); Department of Radiology, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston, Mass (O.R.B., V.R.); Department of Radiology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Mass (M.S.G., M.A.A.); Department of Radiology, Boston University Medical Center, Boston, Mass (J.A.S., A.G.); Department of Radiology, Asan Medical Center, Seoul, South Korea (S.H.P.); Department of Radiology, Warren Alpert Medical School of Brown University, Rhode Island Hospital, Providence, RI (D.C.Y., D.J.G.); Department of Radiology, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile (A.H.); Department of Radiology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC (B.C.A.); Department of Radiology, William Beaumont University Hospital, Royal Oak, Mich (F.S.); and Department of Radiology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, Calif (J.R.T.)
| | - David H Bruining
- From the Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, University of Chicago Pritzker School of Medicine, Chicago, Ill (N.S.); Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology (D.M.K.) and Department of Radiology (F.F.G., H.V.N.), Thomas Jefferson University Hospital, Philadelphia, Pa; Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology (D.H.B.) and Department of Radiology (M.L.W., A.K., J.L.F.), Mayo Clinic, 200 First St SW, Rochester, MN 55905; Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology (M.L.) and Department of Radiology (B.R.D.), NYU Langone Medical Center, New York, NY; Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Mayo Clinic Arizona, Scottsdale, Ariz (J.A.L.); Department of Radiology, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston, Mass (O.R.B., V.R.); Department of Radiology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Mass (M.S.G., M.A.A.); Department of Radiology, Boston University Medical Center, Boston, Mass (J.A.S., A.G.); Department of Radiology, Asan Medical Center, Seoul, South Korea (S.H.P.); Department of Radiology, Warren Alpert Medical School of Brown University, Rhode Island Hospital, Providence, RI (D.C.Y., D.J.G.); Department of Radiology, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile (A.H.); Department of Radiology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC (B.C.A.); Department of Radiology, William Beaumont University Hospital, Royal Oak, Mich (F.S.); and Department of Radiology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, Calif (J.R.T.)
| | - Melissa Latorre
- From the Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, University of Chicago Pritzker School of Medicine, Chicago, Ill (N.S.); Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology (D.M.K.) and Department of Radiology (F.F.G., H.V.N.), Thomas Jefferson University Hospital, Philadelphia, Pa; Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology (D.H.B.) and Department of Radiology (M.L.W., A.K., J.L.F.), Mayo Clinic, 200 First St SW, Rochester, MN 55905; Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology (M.L.) and Department of Radiology (B.R.D.), NYU Langone Medical Center, New York, NY; Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Mayo Clinic Arizona, Scottsdale, Ariz (J.A.L.); Department of Radiology, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston, Mass (O.R.B., V.R.); Department of Radiology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Mass (M.S.G., M.A.A.); Department of Radiology, Boston University Medical Center, Boston, Mass (J.A.S., A.G.); Department of Radiology, Asan Medical Center, Seoul, South Korea (S.H.P.); Department of Radiology, Warren Alpert Medical School of Brown University, Rhode Island Hospital, Providence, RI (D.C.Y., D.J.G.); Department of Radiology, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile (A.H.); Department of Radiology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC (B.C.A.); Department of Radiology, William Beaumont University Hospital, Royal Oak, Mich (F.S.); and Department of Radiology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, Calif (J.R.T.)
| | - Jonathan A Leighton
- From the Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, University of Chicago Pritzker School of Medicine, Chicago, Ill (N.S.); Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology (D.M.K.) and Department of Radiology (F.F.G., H.V.N.), Thomas Jefferson University Hospital, Philadelphia, Pa; Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology (D.H.B.) and Department of Radiology (M.L.W., A.K., J.L.F.), Mayo Clinic, 200 First St SW, Rochester, MN 55905; Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology (M.L.) and Department of Radiology (B.R.D.), NYU Langone Medical Center, New York, NY; Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Mayo Clinic Arizona, Scottsdale, Ariz (J.A.L.); Department of Radiology, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston, Mass (O.R.B., V.R.); Department of Radiology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Mass (M.S.G., M.A.A.); Department of Radiology, Boston University Medical Center, Boston, Mass (J.A.S., A.G.); Department of Radiology, Asan Medical Center, Seoul, South Korea (S.H.P.); Department of Radiology, Warren Alpert Medical School of Brown University, Rhode Island Hospital, Providence, RI (D.C.Y., D.J.G.); Department of Radiology, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile (A.H.); Department of Radiology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC (B.C.A.); Department of Radiology, William Beaumont University Hospital, Royal Oak, Mich (F.S.); and Department of Radiology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, Calif (J.R.T.)
| | - Olga R Brook
- From the Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, University of Chicago Pritzker School of Medicine, Chicago, Ill (N.S.); Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology (D.M.K.) and Department of Radiology (F.F.G., H.V.N.), Thomas Jefferson University Hospital, Philadelphia, Pa; Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology (D.H.B.) and Department of Radiology (M.L.W., A.K., J.L.F.), Mayo Clinic, 200 First St SW, Rochester, MN 55905; Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology (M.L.) and Department of Radiology (B.R.D.), NYU Langone Medical Center, New York, NY; Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Mayo Clinic Arizona, Scottsdale, Ariz (J.A.L.); Department of Radiology, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston, Mass (O.R.B., V.R.); Department of Radiology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Mass (M.S.G., M.A.A.); Department of Radiology, Boston University Medical Center, Boston, Mass (J.A.S., A.G.); Department of Radiology, Asan Medical Center, Seoul, South Korea (S.H.P.); Department of Radiology, Warren Alpert Medical School of Brown University, Rhode Island Hospital, Providence, RI (D.C.Y., D.J.G.); Department of Radiology, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile (A.H.); Department of Radiology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC (B.C.A.); Department of Radiology, William Beaumont University Hospital, Royal Oak, Mich (F.S.); and Department of Radiology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, Calif (J.R.T.)
| | - Michael L Wells
- From the Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, University of Chicago Pritzker School of Medicine, Chicago, Ill (N.S.); Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology (D.M.K.) and Department of Radiology (F.F.G., H.V.N.), Thomas Jefferson University Hospital, Philadelphia, Pa; Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology (D.H.B.) and Department of Radiology (M.L.W., A.K., J.L.F.), Mayo Clinic, 200 First St SW, Rochester, MN 55905; Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology (M.L.) and Department of Radiology (B.R.D.), NYU Langone Medical Center, New York, NY; Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Mayo Clinic Arizona, Scottsdale, Ariz (J.A.L.); Department of Radiology, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston, Mass (O.R.B., V.R.); Department of Radiology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Mass (M.S.G., M.A.A.); Department of Radiology, Boston University Medical Center, Boston, Mass (J.A.S., A.G.); Department of Radiology, Asan Medical Center, Seoul, South Korea (S.H.P.); Department of Radiology, Warren Alpert Medical School of Brown University, Rhode Island Hospital, Providence, RI (D.C.Y., D.J.G.); Department of Radiology, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile (A.H.); Department of Radiology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC (B.C.A.); Department of Radiology, William Beaumont University Hospital, Royal Oak, Mich (F.S.); and Department of Radiology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, Calif (J.R.T.)
| | - Flavius F Guglielmo
- From the Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, University of Chicago Pritzker School of Medicine, Chicago, Ill (N.S.); Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology (D.M.K.) and Department of Radiology (F.F.G., H.V.N.), Thomas Jefferson University Hospital, Philadelphia, Pa; Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology (D.H.B.) and Department of Radiology (M.L.W., A.K., J.L.F.), Mayo Clinic, 200 First St SW, Rochester, MN 55905; Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology (M.L.) and Department of Radiology (B.R.D.), NYU Langone Medical Center, New York, NY; Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Mayo Clinic Arizona, Scottsdale, Ariz (J.A.L.); Department of Radiology, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston, Mass (O.R.B., V.R.); Department of Radiology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Mass (M.S.G., M.A.A.); Department of Radiology, Boston University Medical Center, Boston, Mass (J.A.S., A.G.); Department of Radiology, Asan Medical Center, Seoul, South Korea (S.H.P.); Department of Radiology, Warren Alpert Medical School of Brown University, Rhode Island Hospital, Providence, RI (D.C.Y., D.J.G.); Department of Radiology, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile (A.H.); Department of Radiology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC (B.C.A.); Department of Radiology, William Beaumont University Hospital, Royal Oak, Mich (F.S.); and Department of Radiology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, Calif (J.R.T.)
| | - Haresh V Naringrekar
- From the Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, University of Chicago Pritzker School of Medicine, Chicago, Ill (N.S.); Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology (D.M.K.) and Department of Radiology (F.F.G., H.V.N.), Thomas Jefferson University Hospital, Philadelphia, Pa; Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology (D.H.B.) and Department of Radiology (M.L.W., A.K., J.L.F.), Mayo Clinic, 200 First St SW, Rochester, MN 55905; Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology (M.L.) and Department of Radiology (B.R.D.), NYU Langone Medical Center, New York, NY; Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Mayo Clinic Arizona, Scottsdale, Ariz (J.A.L.); Department of Radiology, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston, Mass (O.R.B., V.R.); Department of Radiology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Mass (M.S.G., M.A.A.); Department of Radiology, Boston University Medical Center, Boston, Mass (J.A.S., A.G.); Department of Radiology, Asan Medical Center, Seoul, South Korea (S.H.P.); Department of Radiology, Warren Alpert Medical School of Brown University, Rhode Island Hospital, Providence, RI (D.C.Y., D.J.G.); Department of Radiology, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile (A.H.); Department of Radiology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC (B.C.A.); Department of Radiology, William Beaumont University Hospital, Royal Oak, Mich (F.S.); and Department of Radiology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, Calif (J.R.T.)
| | - Michael S Gee
- From the Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, University of Chicago Pritzker School of Medicine, Chicago, Ill (N.S.); Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology (D.M.K.) and Department of Radiology (F.F.G., H.V.N.), Thomas Jefferson University Hospital, Philadelphia, Pa; Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology (D.H.B.) and Department of Radiology (M.L.W., A.K., J.L.F.), Mayo Clinic, 200 First St SW, Rochester, MN 55905; Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology (M.L.) and Department of Radiology (B.R.D.), NYU Langone Medical Center, New York, NY; Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Mayo Clinic Arizona, Scottsdale, Ariz (J.A.L.); Department of Radiology, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston, Mass (O.R.B., V.R.); Department of Radiology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Mass (M.S.G., M.A.A.); Department of Radiology, Boston University Medical Center, Boston, Mass (J.A.S., A.G.); Department of Radiology, Asan Medical Center, Seoul, South Korea (S.H.P.); Department of Radiology, Warren Alpert Medical School of Brown University, Rhode Island Hospital, Providence, RI (D.C.Y., D.J.G.); Department of Radiology, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile (A.H.); Department of Radiology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC (B.C.A.); Department of Radiology, William Beaumont University Hospital, Royal Oak, Mich (F.S.); and Department of Radiology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, Calif (J.R.T.)
| | - Jorge A Soto
- From the Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, University of Chicago Pritzker School of Medicine, Chicago, Ill (N.S.); Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology (D.M.K.) and Department of Radiology (F.F.G., H.V.N.), Thomas Jefferson University Hospital, Philadelphia, Pa; Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology (D.H.B.) and Department of Radiology (M.L.W., A.K., J.L.F.), Mayo Clinic, 200 First St SW, Rochester, MN 55905; Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology (M.L.) and Department of Radiology (B.R.D.), NYU Langone Medical Center, New York, NY; Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Mayo Clinic Arizona, Scottsdale, Ariz (J.A.L.); Department of Radiology, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston, Mass (O.R.B., V.R.); Department of Radiology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Mass (M.S.G., M.A.A.); Department of Radiology, Boston University Medical Center, Boston, Mass (J.A.S., A.G.); Department of Radiology, Asan Medical Center, Seoul, South Korea (S.H.P.); Department of Radiology, Warren Alpert Medical School of Brown University, Rhode Island Hospital, Providence, RI (D.C.Y., D.J.G.); Department of Radiology, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile (A.H.); Department of Radiology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC (B.C.A.); Department of Radiology, William Beaumont University Hospital, Royal Oak, Mich (F.S.); and Department of Radiology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, Calif (J.R.T.)
| | - Seong Ho Park
- From the Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, University of Chicago Pritzker School of Medicine, Chicago, Ill (N.S.); Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology (D.M.K.) and Department of Radiology (F.F.G., H.V.N.), Thomas Jefferson University Hospital, Philadelphia, Pa; Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology (D.H.B.) and Department of Radiology (M.L.W., A.K., J.L.F.), Mayo Clinic, 200 First St SW, Rochester, MN 55905; Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology (M.L.) and Department of Radiology (B.R.D.), NYU Langone Medical Center, New York, NY; Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Mayo Clinic Arizona, Scottsdale, Ariz (J.A.L.); Department of Radiology, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston, Mass (O.R.B., V.R.); Department of Radiology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Mass (M.S.G., M.A.A.); Department of Radiology, Boston University Medical Center, Boston, Mass (J.A.S., A.G.); Department of Radiology, Asan Medical Center, Seoul, South Korea (S.H.P.); Department of Radiology, Warren Alpert Medical School of Brown University, Rhode Island Hospital, Providence, RI (D.C.Y., D.J.G.); Department of Radiology, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile (A.H.); Department of Radiology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC (B.C.A.); Department of Radiology, William Beaumont University Hospital, Royal Oak, Mich (F.S.); and Department of Radiology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, Calif (J.R.T.)
| | - Don C Yoo
- From the Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, University of Chicago Pritzker School of Medicine, Chicago, Ill (N.S.); Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology (D.M.K.) and Department of Radiology (F.F.G., H.V.N.), Thomas Jefferson University Hospital, Philadelphia, Pa; Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology (D.H.B.) and Department of Radiology (M.L.W., A.K., J.L.F.), Mayo Clinic, 200 First St SW, Rochester, MN 55905; Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology (M.L.) and Department of Radiology (B.R.D.), NYU Langone Medical Center, New York, NY; Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Mayo Clinic Arizona, Scottsdale, Ariz (J.A.L.); Department of Radiology, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston, Mass (O.R.B., V.R.); Department of Radiology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Mass (M.S.G., M.A.A.); Department of Radiology, Boston University Medical Center, Boston, Mass (J.A.S., A.G.); Department of Radiology, Asan Medical Center, Seoul, South Korea (S.H.P.); Department of Radiology, Warren Alpert Medical School of Brown University, Rhode Island Hospital, Providence, RI (D.C.Y., D.J.G.); Department of Radiology, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile (A.H.); Department of Radiology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC (B.C.A.); Department of Radiology, William Beaumont University Hospital, Royal Oak, Mich (F.S.); and Department of Radiology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, Calif (J.R.T.)
| | - Vijay Ramalingam
- From the Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, University of Chicago Pritzker School of Medicine, Chicago, Ill (N.S.); Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology (D.M.K.) and Department of Radiology (F.F.G., H.V.N.), Thomas Jefferson University Hospital, Philadelphia, Pa; Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology (D.H.B.) and Department of Radiology (M.L.W., A.K., J.L.F.), Mayo Clinic, 200 First St SW, Rochester, MN 55905; Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology (M.L.) and Department of Radiology (B.R.D.), NYU Langone Medical Center, New York, NY; Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Mayo Clinic Arizona, Scottsdale, Ariz (J.A.L.); Department of Radiology, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston, Mass (O.R.B., V.R.); Department of Radiology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Mass (M.S.G., M.A.A.); Department of Radiology, Boston University Medical Center, Boston, Mass (J.A.S., A.G.); Department of Radiology, Asan Medical Center, Seoul, South Korea (S.H.P.); Department of Radiology, Warren Alpert Medical School of Brown University, Rhode Island Hospital, Providence, RI (D.C.Y., D.J.G.); Department of Radiology, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile (A.H.); Department of Radiology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC (B.C.A.); Department of Radiology, William Beaumont University Hospital, Royal Oak, Mich (F.S.); and Department of Radiology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, Calif (J.R.T.)
| | - Alvaro Huete
- From the Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, University of Chicago Pritzker School of Medicine, Chicago, Ill (N.S.); Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology (D.M.K.) and Department of Radiology (F.F.G., H.V.N.), Thomas Jefferson University Hospital, Philadelphia, Pa; Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology (D.H.B.) and Department of Radiology (M.L.W., A.K., J.L.F.), Mayo Clinic, 200 First St SW, Rochester, MN 55905; Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology (M.L.) and Department of Radiology (B.R.D.), NYU Langone Medical Center, New York, NY; Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Mayo Clinic Arizona, Scottsdale, Ariz (J.A.L.); Department of Radiology, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston, Mass (O.R.B., V.R.); Department of Radiology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Mass (M.S.G., M.A.A.); Department of Radiology, Boston University Medical Center, Boston, Mass (J.A.S., A.G.); Department of Radiology, Asan Medical Center, Seoul, South Korea (S.H.P.); Department of Radiology, Warren Alpert Medical School of Brown University, Rhode Island Hospital, Providence, RI (D.C.Y., D.J.G.); Department of Radiology, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile (A.H.); Department of Radiology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC (B.C.A.); Department of Radiology, William Beaumont University Hospital, Royal Oak, Mich (F.S.); and Department of Radiology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, Calif (J.R.T.)
| | - Ashish Khandelwal
- From the Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, University of Chicago Pritzker School of Medicine, Chicago, Ill (N.S.); Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology (D.M.K.) and Department of Radiology (F.F.G., H.V.N.), Thomas Jefferson University Hospital, Philadelphia, Pa; Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology (D.H.B.) and Department of Radiology (M.L.W., A.K., J.L.F.), Mayo Clinic, 200 First St SW, Rochester, MN 55905; Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology (M.L.) and Department of Radiology (B.R.D.), NYU Langone Medical Center, New York, NY; Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Mayo Clinic Arizona, Scottsdale, Ariz (J.A.L.); Department of Radiology, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston, Mass (O.R.B., V.R.); Department of Radiology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Mass (M.S.G., M.A.A.); Department of Radiology, Boston University Medical Center, Boston, Mass (J.A.S., A.G.); Department of Radiology, Asan Medical Center, Seoul, South Korea (S.H.P.); Department of Radiology, Warren Alpert Medical School of Brown University, Rhode Island Hospital, Providence, RI (D.C.Y., D.J.G.); Department of Radiology, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile (A.H.); Department of Radiology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC (B.C.A.); Department of Radiology, William Beaumont University Hospital, Royal Oak, Mich (F.S.); and Department of Radiology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, Calif (J.R.T.)
| | - Avneesh Gupta
- From the Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, University of Chicago Pritzker School of Medicine, Chicago, Ill (N.S.); Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology (D.M.K.) and Department of Radiology (F.F.G., H.V.N.), Thomas Jefferson University Hospital, Philadelphia, Pa; Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology (D.H.B.) and Department of Radiology (M.L.W., A.K., J.L.F.), Mayo Clinic, 200 First St SW, Rochester, MN 55905; Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology (M.L.) and Department of Radiology (B.R.D.), NYU Langone Medical Center, New York, NY; Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Mayo Clinic Arizona, Scottsdale, Ariz (J.A.L.); Department of Radiology, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston, Mass (O.R.B., V.R.); Department of Radiology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Mass (M.S.G., M.A.A.); Department of Radiology, Boston University Medical Center, Boston, Mass (J.A.S., A.G.); Department of Radiology, Asan Medical Center, Seoul, South Korea (S.H.P.); Department of Radiology, Warren Alpert Medical School of Brown University, Rhode Island Hospital, Providence, RI (D.C.Y., D.J.G.); Department of Radiology, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile (A.H.); Department of Radiology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC (B.C.A.); Department of Radiology, William Beaumont University Hospital, Royal Oak, Mich (F.S.); and Department of Radiology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, Calif (J.R.T.)
| | - Brian C Allen
- From the Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, University of Chicago Pritzker School of Medicine, Chicago, Ill (N.S.); Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology (D.M.K.) and Department of Radiology (F.F.G., H.V.N.), Thomas Jefferson University Hospital, Philadelphia, Pa; Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology (D.H.B.) and Department of Radiology (M.L.W., A.K., J.L.F.), Mayo Clinic, 200 First St SW, Rochester, MN 55905; Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology (M.L.) and Department of Radiology (B.R.D.), NYU Langone Medical Center, New York, NY; Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Mayo Clinic Arizona, Scottsdale, Ariz (J.A.L.); Department of Radiology, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston, Mass (O.R.B., V.R.); Department of Radiology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Mass (M.S.G., M.A.A.); Department of Radiology, Boston University Medical Center, Boston, Mass (J.A.S., A.G.); Department of Radiology, Asan Medical Center, Seoul, South Korea (S.H.P.); Department of Radiology, Warren Alpert Medical School of Brown University, Rhode Island Hospital, Providence, RI (D.C.Y., D.J.G.); Department of Radiology, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile (A.H.); Department of Radiology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC (B.C.A.); Department of Radiology, William Beaumont University Hospital, Royal Oak, Mich (F.S.); and Department of Radiology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, Calif (J.R.T.)
| | - Mark A Anderson
- From the Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, University of Chicago Pritzker School of Medicine, Chicago, Ill (N.S.); Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology (D.M.K.) and Department of Radiology (F.F.G., H.V.N.), Thomas Jefferson University Hospital, Philadelphia, Pa; Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology (D.H.B.) and Department of Radiology (M.L.W., A.K., J.L.F.), Mayo Clinic, 200 First St SW, Rochester, MN 55905; Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology (M.L.) and Department of Radiology (B.R.D.), NYU Langone Medical Center, New York, NY; Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Mayo Clinic Arizona, Scottsdale, Ariz (J.A.L.); Department of Radiology, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston, Mass (O.R.B., V.R.); Department of Radiology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Mass (M.S.G., M.A.A.); Department of Radiology, Boston University Medical Center, Boston, Mass (J.A.S., A.G.); Department of Radiology, Asan Medical Center, Seoul, South Korea (S.H.P.); Department of Radiology, Warren Alpert Medical School of Brown University, Rhode Island Hospital, Providence, RI (D.C.Y., D.J.G.); Department of Radiology, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile (A.H.); Department of Radiology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC (B.C.A.); Department of Radiology, William Beaumont University Hospital, Royal Oak, Mich (F.S.); and Department of Radiology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, Calif (J.R.T.)
| | - Bari R Dane
- From the Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, University of Chicago Pritzker School of Medicine, Chicago, Ill (N.S.); Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology (D.M.K.) and Department of Radiology (F.F.G., H.V.N.), Thomas Jefferson University Hospital, Philadelphia, Pa; Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology (D.H.B.) and Department of Radiology (M.L.W., A.K., J.L.F.), Mayo Clinic, 200 First St SW, Rochester, MN 55905; Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology (M.L.) and Department of Radiology (B.R.D.), NYU Langone Medical Center, New York, NY; Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Mayo Clinic Arizona, Scottsdale, Ariz (J.A.L.); Department of Radiology, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston, Mass (O.R.B., V.R.); Department of Radiology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Mass (M.S.G., M.A.A.); Department of Radiology, Boston University Medical Center, Boston, Mass (J.A.S., A.G.); Department of Radiology, Asan Medical Center, Seoul, South Korea (S.H.P.); Department of Radiology, Warren Alpert Medical School of Brown University, Rhode Island Hospital, Providence, RI (D.C.Y., D.J.G.); Department of Radiology, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile (A.H.); Department of Radiology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC (B.C.A.); Department of Radiology, William Beaumont University Hospital, Royal Oak, Mich (F.S.); and Department of Radiology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, Calif (J.R.T.)
| | - Farnoosh Sokhandon
- From the Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, University of Chicago Pritzker School of Medicine, Chicago, Ill (N.S.); Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology (D.M.K.) and Department of Radiology (F.F.G., H.V.N.), Thomas Jefferson University Hospital, Philadelphia, Pa; Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology (D.H.B.) and Department of Radiology (M.L.W., A.K., J.L.F.), Mayo Clinic, 200 First St SW, Rochester, MN 55905; Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology (M.L.) and Department of Radiology (B.R.D.), NYU Langone Medical Center, New York, NY; Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Mayo Clinic Arizona, Scottsdale, Ariz (J.A.L.); Department of Radiology, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston, Mass (O.R.B., V.R.); Department of Radiology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Mass (M.S.G., M.A.A.); Department of Radiology, Boston University Medical Center, Boston, Mass (J.A.S., A.G.); Department of Radiology, Asan Medical Center, Seoul, South Korea (S.H.P.); Department of Radiology, Warren Alpert Medical School of Brown University, Rhode Island Hospital, Providence, RI (D.C.Y., D.J.G.); Department of Radiology, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile (A.H.); Department of Radiology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC (B.C.A.); Department of Radiology, William Beaumont University Hospital, Royal Oak, Mich (F.S.); and Department of Radiology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, Calif (J.R.T.)
| | - David J Grand
- From the Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, University of Chicago Pritzker School of Medicine, Chicago, Ill (N.S.); Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology (D.M.K.) and Department of Radiology (F.F.G., H.V.N.), Thomas Jefferson University Hospital, Philadelphia, Pa; Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology (D.H.B.) and Department of Radiology (M.L.W., A.K., J.L.F.), Mayo Clinic, 200 First St SW, Rochester, MN 55905; Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology (M.L.) and Department of Radiology (B.R.D.), NYU Langone Medical Center, New York, NY; Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Mayo Clinic Arizona, Scottsdale, Ariz (J.A.L.); Department of Radiology, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston, Mass (O.R.B., V.R.); Department of Radiology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Mass (M.S.G., M.A.A.); Department of Radiology, Boston University Medical Center, Boston, Mass (J.A.S., A.G.); Department of Radiology, Asan Medical Center, Seoul, South Korea (S.H.P.); Department of Radiology, Warren Alpert Medical School of Brown University, Rhode Island Hospital, Providence, RI (D.C.Y., D.J.G.); Department of Radiology, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile (A.H.); Department of Radiology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC (B.C.A.); Department of Radiology, William Beaumont University Hospital, Royal Oak, Mich (F.S.); and Department of Radiology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, Calif (J.R.T.)
| | - Justin R Tse
- From the Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, University of Chicago Pritzker School of Medicine, Chicago, Ill (N.S.); Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology (D.M.K.) and Department of Radiology (F.F.G., H.V.N.), Thomas Jefferson University Hospital, Philadelphia, Pa; Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology (D.H.B.) and Department of Radiology (M.L.W., A.K., J.L.F.), Mayo Clinic, 200 First St SW, Rochester, MN 55905; Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology (M.L.) and Department of Radiology (B.R.D.), NYU Langone Medical Center, New York, NY; Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Mayo Clinic Arizona, Scottsdale, Ariz (J.A.L.); Department of Radiology, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston, Mass (O.R.B., V.R.); Department of Radiology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Mass (M.S.G., M.A.A.); Department of Radiology, Boston University Medical Center, Boston, Mass (J.A.S., A.G.); Department of Radiology, Asan Medical Center, Seoul, South Korea (S.H.P.); Department of Radiology, Warren Alpert Medical School of Brown University, Rhode Island Hospital, Providence, RI (D.C.Y., D.J.G.); Department of Radiology, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile (A.H.); Department of Radiology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC (B.C.A.); Department of Radiology, William Beaumont University Hospital, Royal Oak, Mich (F.S.); and Department of Radiology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, Calif (J.R.T.)
| | - Jeff L Fidler
- From the Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, University of Chicago Pritzker School of Medicine, Chicago, Ill (N.S.); Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology (D.M.K.) and Department of Radiology (F.F.G., H.V.N.), Thomas Jefferson University Hospital, Philadelphia, Pa; Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology (D.H.B.) and Department of Radiology (M.L.W., A.K., J.L.F.), Mayo Clinic, 200 First St SW, Rochester, MN 55905; Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology (M.L.) and Department of Radiology (B.R.D.), NYU Langone Medical Center, New York, NY; Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Mayo Clinic Arizona, Scottsdale, Ariz (J.A.L.); Department of Radiology, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston, Mass (O.R.B., V.R.); Department of Radiology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Mass (M.S.G., M.A.A.); Department of Radiology, Boston University Medical Center, Boston, Mass (J.A.S., A.G.); Department of Radiology, Asan Medical Center, Seoul, South Korea (S.H.P.); Department of Radiology, Warren Alpert Medical School of Brown University, Rhode Island Hospital, Providence, RI (D.C.Y., D.J.G.); Department of Radiology, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile (A.H.); Department of Radiology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC (B.C.A.); Department of Radiology, William Beaumont University Hospital, Royal Oak, Mich (F.S.); and Department of Radiology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, Calif (J.R.T.)
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