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Nabil Sulyiman S, El-Rashidy AA, El Moshy S, Abbas MMS, Waly G. Nano eggshell-based slurry as a direct pulp-capping material: In vitro characterization and histopathological assessment in an experimental animal model. Int Endod J 2023; 56:1129-1146. [PMID: 37358385 DOI: 10.1111/iej.13949] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2022] [Revised: 06/21/2023] [Accepted: 06/22/2023] [Indexed: 06/27/2023]
Abstract
AIM Pulp vitality is essential for tooth integrity. Following pulp exposure, choosing a suitable pulp-capping material is crucial to maintain pulp vitality. However, the reparative dentine bridge created by calcium hydroxide (Ca(OH)2 ) is generally porous and incomplete. The aim of the current study is to assess the in vitro and in vivo bioactivities of nano eggshell-based slurry (NES), using NES as a direct pulp-capping material, compared with Ca(OH)2 in rabbit animal model. METHODOLOGY Nano eggshell powder (NE) was characterized for particle morphology, chemical composition and ion release. In vitro bioactivity was tested by immersion in simulated body fluid (SBF) for 7 days. For histopathological evaluation, 36 adult New Zealand rabbits (72 pulp exposures) were divided into nine groups (n = 8) according to the pulp-capping material (NES, Ca(OH)2 and no capping as negative control group) and the animals were sacrificed after 7, 14 or 28 days. The pulps of the two lower central incisors were exposed and then directly capped by Ca(OH)2 or NES or left untreated. The cavities were then sealed with glass ionomer cement. Teeth were collected for histopathological evaluation using an optical microscope. Pulp haemorrhage, inflammation, fibrosis and calcific bridge formation were assessed. Results were statistically analysed using anova and Tukey's tests. RESULTS Nano eggshell particles were spherical with a 20 nm diameter and were composed mainly of calcite. Statistical analysis showed that there was a significant increase in the release of all investigated ions between days 1 and 28, except for copper. NES group showed a significantly higher release of all elements as compared to Ca(OH)2 . Environmental scanning electron microscope micrographs of NES incubated for 7 days in SBF showed the formation of HAp with a Ca/P ratio (1.686). For histopathological evaluation, the difference between groups was statistically significant. At day 28, 75% of the pulps of the Ca(OH)2 group showed mild calcific bridge in comparison with 100% moderate calcific bridge in the NES group. The NES group showed significantly less inflammation at days 7 and 28, and higher fibrosis at day 7 compared with Ca(OH)2 . CONCLUSIONS Nano eggshell-based slurry represents a promising novel direct pulp-capping material with favourable pulp tissue response.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Aiah A El-Rashidy
- Biomaterials Department, Faculty of Dentistry, Cairo university, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Sara El Moshy
- Oral Biology Department, Faculty of Dentistry, Cairo university, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Marwa M S Abbas
- Oral Biology Department, Faculty of Dentistry, Cairo university, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Gihan Waly
- Biomaterials Department, Faculty of Dentistry, Cairo university, Cairo, Egypt
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Wang Z, Chen C, Zhang J, He J, Zhang L, Wu J, Tian Z. Epithelium-derived SCUBE3 promotes polarized odontoblastic differentiation of dental mesenchymal stem cells and pulp regeneration. Stem Cell Res Ther 2023; 14:130. [PMID: 37189178 DOI: 10.1186/s13287-023-03353-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2022] [Accepted: 04/21/2023] [Indexed: 05/17/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Signal peptide-CUB-EGF domain-containing protein 3 (SCUBE3), a secreted multifunctional glycoprotein whose transcript expression is restricted to the tooth germ epithelium during the development of embryonic mouse teeth, has been demonstrated to play a crucial role in the regulation of tooth development. Based on this, we hypothesized that epithelium-derived SCUBE3 contributes to bio-function in dental mesenchymal cells (Mes) via epithelium-mesenchyme interactions. METHODS Immunohistochemical staining and a co-culture system were used to reveal the temporospatial expression of the SCUBE3 protein during mouse tooth germ development. In addition, human dental pulp stem cells (hDPSCs) were used as a Mes model to study the proliferation, migration, odontoblastic differentiation capacity, and mechanism of rhSCUBE3. Novel pulp-dentin-like organoid models were constructed to further confirm the odontoblast induction function of SCUBE3. Finally, semi-orthotopic animal experiments were performed to explore the clinical application of rhSCUBE3. Data were analysed using one-way analysis of variance and t-tests. RESULTS The epithelium-derived SCUBE3 translocated to the mesenchyme via a paracrine pathway during mouse embryonic development, and the differentiating odontoblasts in postnatal tooth germ subsequently secreted the SCUBE3 protein via an autocrine mechanism. In hDPSCs, exogenous SCUBE3 promoted cell proliferation and migration via TGF-β signalling and accelerated odontoblastic differentiation via BMP2 signalling. In the semi-orthotopic animal experiments, we found that SCUBE3 pre-treatment-induced polarized odontoblast-like cells attached to the dental walls and had better angiogenesis performance. CONCLUSION SCUBE3 protein expression is transferred from the epithelium to mesenchyme during embryonic development. The function of epithelium-derived SCUBE3 in Mes, including proliferation, migration, and polarized odontoblastic differentiation, and their mechanisms are elaborated for the first time. These findings shed light on exogenous SCUBE3 application in clinic dental pulp regeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zijie Wang
- Department of Stomatology, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, No. 1838, Guangzhou Road North, Baiyun District, Guangzhou, 510000, Guangdong, China
- School of Stomatology, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
- Hospital of Stomatology, Zunyi Medical University, No. 143 Dalian Road, Huichuan District, Zunyi, 563000, China
- Special Key Laboratory of Oral Disease Research of Higher Education Institution of Guizhou Province, Zunyi, China
| | - Chuying Chen
- Department of Stomatology, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, No. 1838, Guangzhou Road North, Baiyun District, Guangzhou, 510000, Guangdong, China
- School of Stomatology, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Jiayi Zhang
- Department of Stomatology, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, No. 1838, Guangzhou Road North, Baiyun District, Guangzhou, 510000, Guangdong, China
- School of Stomatology, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Jiangdie He
- Department of Stomatology, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, No. 1838, Guangzhou Road North, Baiyun District, Guangzhou, 510000, Guangdong, China
- School of Stomatology, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Lin Zhang
- Department of Histology and Embryology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Southern Medical University, No. 1838, Guangzhou Road North, Baiyun District, Guangzhou, 510000, Guangdong, China.
| | - Jiayuan Wu
- Hospital of Stomatology, Zunyi Medical University, No. 143 Dalian Road, Huichuan District, Zunyi, 563000, China.
- Special Key Laboratory of Oral Disease Research of Higher Education Institution of Guizhou Province, Zunyi, China.
| | - Zhihui Tian
- Department of Stomatology, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, No. 1838, Guangzhou Road North, Baiyun District, Guangzhou, 510000, Guangdong, China.
- School of Stomatology, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China.
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Kang W, Wang Y, Li J, Xie W, Zhao D, Wu L, Wang H, Xie S. TAS2R supports odontoblastic differentiation of human dental pulp stem cells in the inflammatory microenvironment. Stem Cell Res Ther 2022; 13:374. [PMID: 35902880 PMCID: PMC9331142 DOI: 10.1186/s13287-022-03057-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2022] [Accepted: 07/19/2022] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Inflammatory microenvironment promotes odontoblastic differentiation in human dental pulp stem cells (hDPSCs), but the regulatory mechanisms remain unclear. In this study, we aimed to explore the role of TAS2R in odontoblastic differentiation of hDPSCs in the inflammatory microenvironment. Methods Microarray analysis was performed to explore the differential mRNA profiles in inflammatory and healthy pulp tissues from the patients. hDPSCs isolated from the healthy pulp tissues were stimulated by LPS, TNFα and IL-6, respectively, to verify the effect of TAS2R. The expression markers related to odontoblastic differentiation of hDPSCs were observed by qPCR and chemical staining methods. TAS2R10 was overexpressed or silenced to observe the effect on odontoblastic differentiation of hDPSCs under LPS stimulation. The G protein and intracellular Ca2+ were detected, respectively, by qPCR and Fluo-4AM Ca2+ fluorescent probe. Results The expression of TAS2R was significantly upregulated in the inflammatory pulp tissues. In vitro, 5 subtypes of TAS2R mRNA expressions including TAS2R10, TAS2R14, TAS2R19, TAS2R30 and TAS2R31 in hDPSCs increased under the stimulation of LPS, TNFα or IL-6. In odontoblastic differentiation medium, we found LPS, TNFα or IL-6 stimulation promoted odontoblastic differentiation of hDPSCs. TAS2R10 overexpression in hDPSCs significantly increased the expression markers related to odontoblastic differentiation, whereas TAS2R10 silencing revealed the opposite effect. Furthermore, G protein was activated, and at the same time, intracellular Ca2+ enhanced when TAS2R10 was overexpressed, but decreased when TAS2R10 was silenced. Conclusions This study demonstrated that TAS2R was found to be expressed in hDPSCs, and TAS2R promoted odontoblastic differentiation of hDPSCs by mediating the increase in intracellular Ca2+ via the G protein-coupled receptors (GPCR) conventional signaling pathway in inflammatory microenvironment, which may be a potential target for the development of effective conservative treatments for dental pulp repair.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wen Kang
- Department of Endodontics, Nanjing Stomatological Hospital, Medical School of Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210008, China
| | - Yiwen Wang
- Department of Endodontics, Nanjing Stomatological Hospital, Medical School of Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210008, China
| | - Jiaying Li
- Department of Endodontics, Nanjing Stomatological Hospital, Medical School of Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210008, China
| | - Weige Xie
- Department of Endodontics, Nanjing Stomatological Hospital, Medical School of Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210008, China
| | - Dan Zhao
- Department of Endodontics, Nanjing Stomatological Hospital, Medical School of Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210008, China
| | - Li Wu
- Department of Endodontics, Nanjing Stomatological Hospital, Medical School of Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210008, China
| | - Hongwei Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Life Science and Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Molecular Medicine, Medical School of Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210093, China.
| | - Sijing Xie
- Department of Endodontics, Nanjing Stomatological Hospital, Medical School of Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210008, China.
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Araújo LD, Goulart TS, Gil ACK, Schuldt DPV, Coelho BS, Figueiredo DDR, Garcia LDFR, Almeida JD. Do alternative scaffolds used in regenerative endodontics promote better root development than that achieved with blood clots? Braz Dent J 2022; 33:22-32. [PMID: 35508033 PMCID: PMC9645157 DOI: 10.1590/0103-6440202204746] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2021] [Accepted: 02/25/2022] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
The aim of this integrative review was to identify whether alternative scaffolds
used in regenerative endodontics contribute to better root development, in
relation to the increase in root length and thickness of dentin walls, compared
with blood clot (BC) scaffolds. The literature search was conducted in PubMed,
SciELO and Lilacs databases, using descriptors related to the topic. After
applying the eligibility criteria, 11 articles were selected and analyzed
according to the proposed aim. Five clinical and six in vivo
studies, conducted in animals, compared different types of alternative scaffolds
with BCs, with emphasis on platelet-rich plasma (PRP) and platelet-rich fibrin
(PRF). All scaffolds, alternative or BC, promoted an increase in root length and
dentin wall thickness, with varying percentages of increase between studies. In
general, there was a significant increase in root length and dentin thickness
promoted by PRF and PRP scaffolds, compared with BC. It was concluded that the
majority of the scaffolds tested contributed to the increase in root length and
thickness of dentin walls, with emphasis on PRF and PRP.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Taynara Santos Goulart
- University of Southern Santa Catarina, Brazil; Federal University of Santa Catarina, Brazil
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Chen W, Guan Y, Xu F, Jiang B. 4-Methylumbelliferone promotes the migration and odontogenetic differentiation of human dental pulp stem cells exposed to lipopolysaccharide in vitro. Cell Biol Int 2021; 45:1415-1422. [PMID: 33675275 DOI: 10.1002/cbin.11579] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2021] [Accepted: 02/27/2021] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
Hyaluronic acid (HA), a major component of the extracellular matrix, is essential to inflammatory regulation. 4-Methylumbelliferone (4-mu), as the specific inhibitor of HA synthesis, is an anti-inflammatory in multiple systems. However, there have been no studies, to our knowledge, regarding 4-mu treatment in pulp inflammation. Therefore, the purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of 4-mu on biological behaviors in human dental pulp stem cells (hDPSCs) exposed to lipopolysaccharide (LPS) in vitro. hDPSCs were exposed to LPS to construct the inflammation model in vitro. Immunocytochemistry, quantitative polymerase chain reaction, western blotting, Cell Counting Kit-8, scratch/Transwell assay, and alizarin red staining/alkaline phosphatase staining were selected to explore the effect of 4-mu on the expression of inflammatory factors, cell proliferation, cell migration, and the odontogenic differentiation ability of hDPSCs. LPS stimulated hDPSCs to highly express the related inflammatory factors and CD44 (the major HA receptor), which were all inhibited by 0.1 mM of 4-mu. In addition, the cell proliferation ability of hDPSCs was suppressed by 4-mu, while cell migration and odontogenic differentiation abilities were significantly improved under inflammation. In conclusion, 4-mu suppressed inflammatory cytokines in inflamed hDPSCs and had a positive effect on the migration and odontogenic differentiation of hDPSCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weiting Chen
- Department of Pediatric Dentistry, School & Hospital of Stomatology, Tongji University, Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Tooth Restoration and Regeneration, Shanghai, China
| | - Yun Guan
- Department of Pediatric Dentistry, School & Hospital of Stomatology, Tongji University, Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Tooth Restoration and Regeneration, Shanghai, China
| | - Fangfang Xu
- Department of Stomatology, Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital, Tongji University, Shanghai, China
| | - Beizhan Jiang
- Department of Pediatric Dentistry, School & Hospital of Stomatology, Tongji University, Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Tooth Restoration and Regeneration, Shanghai, China
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Abbass MMS, El-Rashidy AA, Sadek KM, Moshy SE, Radwan IA, Rady D, Dörfer CE, Fawzy El-Sayed KM. Hydrogels and Dentin-Pulp Complex Regeneration: From the Benchtop to Clinical Translation. Polymers (Basel) 2020; 12:E2935. [PMID: 33316886 PMCID: PMC7763835 DOI: 10.3390/polym12122935] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2020] [Revised: 11/08/2020] [Accepted: 11/10/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Dentin-pulp complex is a term which refers to the dental pulp (DP) surrounded by dentin along its peripheries. Dentin and dental pulp are highly specialized tissues, which can be affected by various insults, primarily by dental caries. Regeneration of the dentin-pulp complex is of paramount importance to regain tooth vitality. The regenerative endodontic procedure (REP) is a relatively current approach, which aims to regenerate the dentin-pulp complex through stimulating the differentiation of resident or transplanted stem/progenitor cells. Hydrogel-based scaffolds are a unique category of three dimensional polymeric networks with high water content. They are hydrophilic, biocompatible, with tunable degradation patterns and mechanical properties, in addition to the ability to be loaded with various bioactive molecules. Furthermore, hydrogels have a considerable degree of flexibility and elasticity, mimicking the cell extracellular matrix (ECM), particularly that of the DP. The current review presents how for dentin-pulp complex regeneration, the application of injectable hydrogels combined with stem/progenitor cells could represent a promising approach. According to the source of the polymeric chain forming the hydrogel, they can be classified into natural, synthetic or hybrid hydrogels, combining natural and synthetic ones. Natural polymers are bioactive, highly biocompatible, and biodegradable by naturally occurring enzymes or via hydrolysis. On the other hand, synthetic polymers offer tunable mechanical properties, thermostability and durability as compared to natural hydrogels. Hybrid hydrogels combine the benefits of synthetic and natural polymers. Hydrogels can be biofunctionalized with cell-binding sequences as arginine-glycine-aspartic acid (RGD), can be used for local delivery of bioactive molecules and cellularized with stem cells for dentin-pulp regeneration. Formulating a hydrogel scaffold material fulfilling the required criteria in regenerative endodontics is still an area of active research, which shows promising potential for replacing conventional endodontic treatments in the near future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marwa M. S. Abbass
- Oral Biology Department, Faculty of Dentistry, Cairo University, Cairo 11562, Egypt; (M.M.S.A.); (S.E.M.); (I.A.R.); (D.R.)
- Stem Cells and Tissue Engineering Research Group, Faculty of Dentistry, Cairo University, Cairo 11562, Egypt; (A.A.E.-R.); (K.M.S.)
| | - Aiah A. El-Rashidy
- Stem Cells and Tissue Engineering Research Group, Faculty of Dentistry, Cairo University, Cairo 11562, Egypt; (A.A.E.-R.); (K.M.S.)
- Biomaterials Department, Faculty of Dentistry, Cairo University, Cairo 11562, Egypt
| | - Khadiga M. Sadek
- Stem Cells and Tissue Engineering Research Group, Faculty of Dentistry, Cairo University, Cairo 11562, Egypt; (A.A.E.-R.); (K.M.S.)
- Biomaterials Department, Faculty of Dentistry, Cairo University, Cairo 11562, Egypt
| | - Sara El Moshy
- Oral Biology Department, Faculty of Dentistry, Cairo University, Cairo 11562, Egypt; (M.M.S.A.); (S.E.M.); (I.A.R.); (D.R.)
- Stem Cells and Tissue Engineering Research Group, Faculty of Dentistry, Cairo University, Cairo 11562, Egypt; (A.A.E.-R.); (K.M.S.)
| | - Israa Ahmed Radwan
- Oral Biology Department, Faculty of Dentistry, Cairo University, Cairo 11562, Egypt; (M.M.S.A.); (S.E.M.); (I.A.R.); (D.R.)
- Stem Cells and Tissue Engineering Research Group, Faculty of Dentistry, Cairo University, Cairo 11562, Egypt; (A.A.E.-R.); (K.M.S.)
| | - Dina Rady
- Oral Biology Department, Faculty of Dentistry, Cairo University, Cairo 11562, Egypt; (M.M.S.A.); (S.E.M.); (I.A.R.); (D.R.)
- Stem Cells and Tissue Engineering Research Group, Faculty of Dentistry, Cairo University, Cairo 11562, Egypt; (A.A.E.-R.); (K.M.S.)
| | - Christof E. Dörfer
- Clinic for Conservative Dentistry and Periodontology, School of Dental Medicine, Christian Albrechts University, 24105 Kiel, Germany;
| | - Karim M. Fawzy El-Sayed
- Stem Cells and Tissue Engineering Research Group, Faculty of Dentistry, Cairo University, Cairo 11562, Egypt; (A.A.E.-R.); (K.M.S.)
- Clinic for Conservative Dentistry and Periodontology, School of Dental Medicine, Christian Albrechts University, 24105 Kiel, Germany;
- Oral Medicine and Periodontology Department, Faculty of Dentistry, Cairo University, Cairo 11562, Egypt
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Medina-Fernandez I, Celiz AD. Acellular biomaterial strategies for endodontic regeneration. Biomater Sci 2019; 7:506-519. [PMID: 30569918 DOI: 10.1039/c8bm01296b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Dental decay is treated by removing infected dental tissues such as dentine and restoring the tooth with a material. However, the vast majority of these materials have been designed to be mechanically robust and bioinert, whereas the potential regenerative properties of a biomaterial have not been considered. In endodontics for example, materials are used to seal the pulp cavity to avoid bacterial colonisation of the tooth and prevent further infection. While these treatments are effective in the short term, many of these materials have not been designed to interface with the pulp tissue in a biocompatible manner and are often cytotoxic. This can lead to less favourable long-term outcomes such as devitalisation of the tooth via root-canal therapy or extraction of the tooth. Clinical outcomes could be improved if regenerative approaches were followed whereby the biology of the tooth is engineered for repair and regeneration often with the support of a biomaterial. Within these, acellular or cell homing approaches are particularly interesting, as some regulatory hurdles associated with cellular therapies could be circumvented which may aid their clinical translation. In this review, we highlight progress in regenerative dentistry and focus on exciting developments using acellular biomaterials for regenerating dental tissues.
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Rahimi S, Salarinasab S, Ghasemi N, Rahbarghazi R, Shahi S, Salem Milani A, Divband B, Davoudi P. In vitro induction of odontogenic activity of human dental pulp stem cells by white Portland cement enriched with zirconium oxide and zinc oxide components. J Dent Res Dent Clin Dent Prospects 2019; 13:3-10. [PMID: 31217912 PMCID: PMC6571518 DOI: 10.15171/joddd.2019.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2018] [Accepted: 02/05/2019] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Background. The aim of this in vitro study was to investigate the effect of zinc oxide (ZnO) and zirconium oxide (ZrO2) microparticles (MPs) and nanoparticles (NPs) in combination with white Portland cement (WPC) on odontogenic capacity of human dental pulp stem cells over a period of 21 days.
Methods. Synthesized ZnO and ZrO2 particles were characterized using scanning electron microscopy and transmission electron microscopy. The viability of human dental pulp stem cells was measured by a 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazolyl-2-yl)-2,5- diphenyltetrazolium bromide assay at 7-, 14- and 21-day intervals after seeding on WPC disks enriched with ZnO and ZrO2 MPs and NPs. Odontogenic potential of ZnO and ZrO2 particles in combination with WPC was investigated by alkaline phosphatase (ALP) activity and ionized calcium level of supernatant culture media at different time intervals. Data were analyzed using one-way ANOVA and post hoc Tukey tests.
Results. All the materials exhibited cell viability over a 21-day period, except for WPC with ZnO NPs on day 7, although it was not statistically significant (P>0.05). The ALP activity and ionized calcium level increased in all the groups compared to the control group (P<0.05). ZnO NPs had superior effect on odontogenic activity and calcium ion release compared to ZnO MPs (P=0.046). There was no significant difference between ZrO2 MPs and NPs in odontogenic activity (P>0.05).
Conclusion. WPC enriched with ZnO and ZrO2 increased ALP activity and calcium ion release of human dental pulp stem cells over a period of 21 days in vitro.
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Affiliation(s)
- Saeed Rahimi
- Dental and Periodontal Research Center, Department of Endodontics, Faculty of Dentistry, Tabriz university of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Sadegh Salarinasab
- Department of Biochemistry and Clinical Laboratories, Faculty of Medicine, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Negin Ghasemi
- Dental and Periodontal Research Center, Department of Endodontics, Faculty of Dentistry, Tabriz university of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Reza Rahbarghazi
- Department of Applied Cell Sciences, Faculty of Advanced Medical Sciences, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran.,Stem Cell Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Shahriar Shahi
- Dental and Periodontal Research Center, Department of Endodontics, Faculty of Dentistry, Tabriz university of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Amin Salem Milani
- Dental and Periodontal Research Center, Department of Endodontics, Faculty of Dentistry, Tabriz university of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Baharak Divband
- Department of Inorganic Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, University of Tabriz, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Paria Davoudi
- Department of Endodontics, Faculty of Dentistry, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
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Fukushima KA, Marques MM, Tedesco TK, Carvalho GL, Gonçalves F, Caballero-Flores H, Morimoto S, Moreira MS. Screening of hydrogel-based scaffolds for dental pulp regeneration-A systematic review. Arch Oral Biol 2018; 98:182-194. [PMID: 30500668 DOI: 10.1016/j.archoralbio.2018.11.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2018] [Revised: 11/15/2018] [Accepted: 11/20/2018] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The aim of this systematic review was to evaluate the most appropriate hydrogel scaffold type (natural, synthetic or hybrid) to be applied with stem cells for dental pulp regeneration. The findings should help clinicians make an informed choice about the appropriate scaffold to be applied for this approach. DESIGN Three electronic databases were searched (Medline, Web of Science and Scopus). The review was conducted based on the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-analysis (PRISMA). RESULTS From 4990 potentially relevant studies initially identified, 18 papers fulfilled the eligibility criteria and were considered for this review. Natural scaffolds were applied in most studies. Collagen was the most studied scaffold. In 5 of 10 studies, only growth factors were added to the constructs. Even without growth factors, these scaffolds containing stem cells were able to support the formation of dentin. The synthetic scaffolds were the least studied. Only 4 studies were selected, and in 3 of them, the same scaffold (Puramatrix) was evaluated. Puramatrix by itself was unable to form dental pulp when dental pulp stem cells were not present. Synthetic and hybrid hydrogels were unable to attract stem cells from the host. The presence of growth factors in these constructs seems to be of relevance since dental pulp tissue formation was achieved only when the hybrid scaffold was applied with growth factors. CONCLUSION All types of hydrogel-based scaffolds, when containing mesenchymal stem cells, are able to form connective tissue with different degrees of similarity to dental pulp. However, current data is too heterogeneous to compare and identify the advantages of any specific scaffold.
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Affiliation(s)
- K A Fukushima
- Post Graduation Program, School of Dentistry, Ibirapuera University, Brazil
| | - M M Marques
- Department of Restorative Dentistry, School of Dentistry, University of São Paulo, Brazil
| | - T K Tedesco
- Post Graduation Program, School of Dentistry, Ibirapuera University, Brazil
| | - G L Carvalho
- Post Graduation Program, School of Dentistry, Ibirapuera University, Brazil; Department of Restorative Dentistry, School of Dentistry, University of São Paulo, Brazil
| | - F Gonçalves
- Post Graduation Program, School of Dentistry, Ibirapuera University, Brazil
| | - H Caballero-Flores
- Department of Restorative Dentistry, School of Dentistry, University of São Paulo, Brazil
| | - S Morimoto
- Post Graduation Program, School of Dentistry, Ibirapuera University, Brazil
| | - M S Moreira
- Post Graduation Program, School of Dentistry, Ibirapuera University, Brazil.
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The role of stem cell therapy in regeneration of dentine-pulp complex: a systematic review. Prog Biomater 2018; 7:249-268. [PMID: 30267369 PMCID: PMC6304177 DOI: 10.1007/s40204-018-0100-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2018] [Accepted: 09/12/2018] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Infection of the dental pulp will result in inflammation and eventually tissue necrosis which is treated conventionally by pulpectomy and root canal treatment. Advances in regenerative medicine and tissue engineering along with the introduction of new sources of stem cells have led to the possibility of pulp tissue regeneration. This systematic review analyzes animal studies published since 2010 to determine the ability of stem cell therapy to regenerate the dentine-pulp complex (DPC) and the success of clinical protocols. In vitro and human clinical studies are excluded and only the experimental studies on animal models were included. Dental pulp stem cells constitute the most commonly used cell type. The majority of stem cells are incorporated into various types of scaffold and implanted into root canals. Some of the studies combine growth factors with stem cells in an attempt to improve the outcome. Studies of ectopic transplantation using small animal models are simple and non-systematic evaluation techniques. Stem cell concentrations have not been so far reported; therefore, the translational value of such animal studies remains questionable. Though all types of stem cells appear capable of regenerating a dentine-pulp complex, still several factors have been considered in selecting the cell type. Co-administrative factors are essential for inducing the systemic migration of stem cells, and their vascularization and differentiation into odontoblast-like cells. Scaffolds provide a biodegradable structure able to control the release of growth factors. To identify problems and reduce costs, novel strategies should be initially tested in subcutaneous or renal capsule implantation followed by root canal models to confirm results.
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Orti V, Collart-Dutilleul PY, Piglionico S, Pall O, Cuisinier F, Panayotov I. Pulp Regeneration Concepts for Nonvital Teeth: From Tissue Engineering to Clinical Approaches. TISSUE ENGINEERING. PART B, REVIEWS 2018; 24:419-442. [PMID: 29724156 DOI: 10.1089/ten.teb.2018.0073] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
Following the basis of tissue engineering (Cells-Scaffold-Bioactive molecules), regenerative endodontic has emerged as a new concept of dental treatment. Clinical procedures have been proposed by endodontic practitioners willing to promote regenerative therapy. Preserving pulp vitality was a first approach. Later procedures aimed to regenerate a vascularized pulp in necrotic root canals. However, there is still no protocol allowing an effective regeneration of necrotic pulp tissue either in immature or mature teeth. This review explores in vitro and preclinical concepts developed during the last decade, especially the potential use of stem cells, bioactive molecules, and scaffolds, and makes a comparison with the goals achieved so far in clinical practice. Regeneration of pulp-like tissue has been shown in various experimental conditions. However, the appropriate techniques are currently in a developmental stage. The ideal combination of scaffolds and growth factors to obtain a complete regeneration of the pulp-dentin complex is still unknown. The use of stem cells, especially from pulp origin, sounds promising for pulp regeneration therapy, but it has not been applied so far for clinical endodontics, in case of necrotic teeth. The gap observed between the hope raised from in vitro experiments and the reality of endodontic treatments suggests that clinical success may be achieved without external stem cell application. Therefore, procedures using the concept of cell homing, through evoked bleeding that permit to recreate a living tissue that mimics the original pulp has been proposed. Perspectives for pulp tissue engineering in the near future include a better control of clinical parameters and pragmatic approach of the experimental results (autologous stem cells from cell homing, controlled release of growth factors). In the coming years, this therapeutic strategy will probably become a clinical reality, even for mature necrotic teeth.
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Affiliation(s)
- Valérie Orti
- LBN, Université de Montpellier , Montpellier, France
| | | | | | - Orsolya Pall
- LBN, Université de Montpellier , Montpellier, France
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Shuai Y, Ma Y, Guo T, Zhang L, Yang R, Qi M, Liu W, Jin Y. Dental Stem Cells and Tooth Regeneration. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2018; 1107:41-52. [DOI: 10.1007/5584_2018_252] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
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Botelho J, Cavacas MA, Machado V, Mendes JJ. Dental stem cells: recent progresses in tissue engineering and regenerative medicine. Ann Med 2017. [PMID: 28649865 DOI: 10.1080/07853890.2017.1347705] [Citation(s) in RCA: 76] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Since the disclosure of adult mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs), there have been an intense investigation on the characteristics of these cells and their potentialities. Dental stem cells (DSCs) are MSC-like populations with self-renewal capacity and multidifferentiation potential. Currently, there are five main DSCs, dental pulp stem cells (DPSCs), stem cells from exfoliated deciduous teeth (SHED), stem cells from apical papilla (SCAP), periodontal ligament stem cells (PDLSCs) and dental follicle precursor cells (DFPCs). These cells are extremely accessible, prevail during all life and own an amazing multipotency. In the past decade, DPSCs and SHED have been thoroughly studied in regenerative medicine and tissue engineering as autologous stem cells therapies and have shown amazing therapeutic abilities in oro-facial, neurologic, corneal, cardiovascular, hepatic, diabetic, renal, muscular dystrophy and auto-immune conditions, in both animal and human models, and most recently some of them in human clinical trials. In this review, we focus the characteristics, the multiple roles of DSCs and its potential translation to clinical settings. These new insights of the apparently regenerative aptitude of these DSCs seems quite promising to investigate these cells abilities in a wide variety of pathologies. Key messages Dental stem cells (DSCs) have a remarkable self-renewal capacity and multidifferentiation potential; DSCs are extremely accessible and prevail during all life; DSCs, as stem cells therapies, have shown amazing therapeutic abilities in oro-facial, neurologic, corneal, cardiovascular, hepatic, diabetic, renal, muscular dystrophy and autoimmune conditions; DSCs are becoming extremely relevant in tissue engineering and regenerative medicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- João Botelho
- a Egas Moniz Cooperativa de Ensino Superior CRL , Caparica , Portugal
| | | | - Vanessa Machado
- a Egas Moniz Cooperativa de Ensino Superior CRL , Caparica , Portugal
| | - José João Mendes
- a Egas Moniz Cooperativa de Ensino Superior CRL , Caparica , Portugal
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Botelho J, Cavacas MA, Borrecho G, Polido M, Oliveira P, Martins Dos Santos J. Human ex vivo dentin-pulp complex preservation in a full crown model. J Oral Biol Craniofac Res 2017; 7:19-22. [PMID: 28316916 DOI: 10.1016/j.jobcr.2016.12.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2016] [Accepted: 12/11/2016] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Currently, there is lack of human in vitro full tooth models that hold the odontoblast layer with pulp tissue in their native environment. The appearance of new in vitro and in vivo models has provided new understanding of the potential of tissue engineering in dental pulp regeneration. However, the development of new in vitro full tooth models will allow us to get closer to in vivo conditions. Thus, the aim of this study is to preserve a living dentin-pulp complex, in a novel in vitro full crown model, after tooth extraction. METHODS Twenty intact third molars, after preparation, were divided into four groups, with five samples each. We placed the negative control samples (C) in saline, and the tested groups were placed (T) in supplemented DMEM, at two different times: 1 and 7 days. The specimens were processed for light microscopy observation. RESULTS Contrary to C-groups, T-groups showed a functional dentin-pulp complex. The treated dentin-pulp complex presents normal histological appearance. CONCLUSIONS This study showed that it is possible to preserve a living dentin-pulp complex after tooth extraction during 7 days.
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Affiliation(s)
- João Botelho
- Instituto Superior de Ciências da Saúde Egas Moniz, Anatomy Department, Campus Universitário, Quinta da Granja, Caparica, Setúbal, Portugal
| | - Maria Alzira Cavacas
- Instituto Superior de Ciências da Saúde Egas Moniz, Anatomy Department, Campus Universitário, Quinta da Granja, Caparica, Setúbal, Portugal
| | - Gonçalo Borrecho
- Instituto Superior de Ciências da Saúde Egas Moniz, Anatomy Department, Campus Universitário, Quinta da Granja, Caparica, Setúbal, Portugal
| | - Mário Polido
- Instituto Superior de Ciências da Saúde Egas Moniz, Dental Materials Department, Campus Universitário, Quinta da Granja, Caparica, Setúbal, Portugal
| | - Pedro Oliveira
- Instituto Superior de Ciências da Saúde Egas Moniz, Anatomy Department, Campus Universitário, Quinta da Granja, Caparica, Setúbal, Portugal
| | - José Martins Dos Santos
- Instituto Superior de Ciências da Saúde Egas Moniz, Anatomy Department, Campus Universitário, Quinta da Granja, Caparica, Setúbal, Portugal
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Rombouts C, Giraud T, Jeanneau C, About I. Pulp Vascularization during Tooth Development, Regeneration, and Therapy. J Dent Res 2016; 96:137-144. [PMID: 28106505 DOI: 10.1177/0022034516671688] [Citation(s) in RCA: 78] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
The pulp is a highly vascularized tissue situated in an inextensible environment surrounded by rigid dentin walls, with the apical foramina being the only access. The pulp vascular system is not only responsible for nutrient supply and waste removal but also contributes actively to the pulp inflammatory response and subsequent regeneration. This review discusses the underlying mechanisms of pulp vascularization during tooth development, regeneration, and therapeutic procedures, such as tissue engineering and tooth transplantation. Whereas the pulp vascular system is established by vasculogenesis during embryonic development, sprouting angiogenesis is the predominant process during regeneration and therapeutic processes. Hypoxia can be considered a common driving force. Dental pulp cells under hypoxic stress release proangiogenic factors, with vascular endothelial growth factor being one of the most potent. The benefit of exogenous vascular endothelial growth factor application in tissue engineering has been well demonstrated. Interestingly, dental pulp stem cells have an important role in pulp revascularization. Indeed, recent studies show that dental pulp stem cell secretome possesses angiogenic potential that actively contributes to the angiogenic process by guiding endothelial cells and even by differentiating themselves into the endothelial lineage. Although considerable insight has been obtained in the processes underlying pulp vascularization, many questions remain relating to the signaling pathways, timing, and influence of various stress conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- C Rombouts
- 1 Aix Marseille Univ, CNRS, ISM, Inst Movement Sci, Marseille, France
| | - T Giraud
- 1 Aix Marseille Univ, CNRS, ISM, Inst Movement Sci, Marseille, France.,2 Service d'Odontologie, Hôpital Timone, APHM, Marseille, France
| | - C Jeanneau
- 1 Aix Marseille Univ, CNRS, ISM, Inst Movement Sci, Marseille, France
| | - I About
- 1 Aix Marseille Univ, CNRS, ISM, Inst Movement Sci, Marseille, France
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Kabir R, Gupta M, Aggarwal A, Sharma D, Sarin A, Kola MZ. Imperative role of dental pulp stem cells in regenerative therapies: a systematic review. Niger J Surg 2014; 20:1-8. [PMID: 24665194 PMCID: PMC3953626 DOI: 10.4103/1117-6806.127092] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Stem cells are primitive cells that can differentiate and regenerate organs in different parts of the body such as heart, bones, muscles and nervous system. This has been a field of great clinical interest with immense possibilities of using the stem cells in regeneration of human organ those are damaged due to disease, developmental defects and accident. The knowledge of stem cell technology is increasing quickly in all medical specialties and in dental field too. Stem cells of dental origin appears to hold the key to various cell-based therapies in regenerative medicine, but most avenues are in experimental stages and many procedures are undergoing standardization and validation. Long-term preservation of SHED cells or DPSC is becoming a popular consideration, similar to the banking of umbilical cord blood. Dental pulp stem cells (DPSCs) are the adult multipotent cells that reside in the cell rich zone of the dental pulp. The multipotent nature of these DPSCs may be utilized in both dental and medical applications. A systematic review of the literature was performed using various internet based search engines (PubMed, Medline Plus, Cochrane, Medknow, Ebsco, Science Direct, Hinari, WebMD, IndMed, Embase) using keywords like “dental pulp stem cells”, “regeneration”, “medical applications”, “tissue engineering”. DPSCs appears to be a promising innovation for the re-growth of tissues however, long term clinical studies need to be carried out that could establish some authentic guidelines in this perspective.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ramchandra Kabir
- Department of Conservative Dentistry and Endodontics, Seema Dental College and Hospital, Rishikesh, India
| | - Manish Gupta
- Department of Oral Medicine and Radiology, Shree Bankey Bihari Dental College and Research Centre, Ghaziabad, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Avanti Aggarwal
- Department of Oral Medicine and Radiology, Rajasthan Dental College, Jaipur, Rajasthan, India
| | - Deepak Sharma
- Department of Conservative Dentistry and Endodontics, College of Dental Science and Hospital, Rau, Indore, Madhya Pradesh, India
| | - Anurag Sarin
- Department of Conservative Dentistry, Shree Bankey Bihari Dental College and Research Centre, Ghaziabad, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Mohammed Zaheer Kola
- Department of Prosthodontics, College of Dentistry, Salman bin Abdulaziz University, Alkharj (KSA)
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