Behavior of mineral trioxide aggregate apical plugs and root fillings under cyclic loading

Clinical applications of calcium silicate-based materials: a narrative review

Calcium silicate-based materials are hydrophilic materials with biocompatibility and bioactivity properties. Despite many advantages, they might present some problems related to discolouration, setting time, manipulation and solubility depending on the composition of the product and the type of clinical application. Calcium silicate-based materials can be evaluated under two types according to their intended use: calcium silicate-based cements (CSCs) and calcium silicate-based sealers (CSSs). CSCs can be used in many endodontic procedures including perforation repair, resorption repair, apical barriers, guided endodontic repair, vital pulp treatment, endodontic surgery, root fractures and root canal filling as a core obturation material. CSSs are available for use with gutta-percha to obturate root canals using cold and warm techniques, including the sealer-based obturation technique. The purpose of this review is to evaluate the available literature on CSCs and CSSs and to provide up-to-date information and recommendations for their clinical applications.

Comparison of Microleakage of CEM Cement Apical Plug in Different Powder/ Liquid Ratio in Immature Teeth Using Fluid Filtration Technique

STATEMENT OF THE PROBLEM

Sealing ability is one of the most important factors for successful endodontic treatment. Some studies have shown that the powder to liquid ratio can influence the properties of dental materials. Subsequently, this may happen for those used for sealing in endodontics.

PURPOSE

The purpose of this research was to assess the microleakage of calcium-enriched mixture (CEM) cement apical plug in different powder to liquid ratio.

MATERIALS AND METHOD

Ninety-six extracted human single root and single canal teeth were decoronated. Working length was determined using ≠15 k-file. Canal preparation was performed using step back method. Samples were divided into 3 groups randomly. CEM cement was placed into the canal with 1.13, 2.27 and 3.40 powder to liquid ratio in the group 1, 2 and 3, respectively. After complete setting of CEM cement, the micro leakage value was evaluated using fluid filtration method. Data were analyzed using ANOVA and Scheffe tests.

RESULTS

The bubble movement in three groups showed a statistically significant difference (p< 0.001). Minimum and maximum bubble movements were observed in the group with powder to liquid ratios of 3.40 and 1.13 respectively.

CONCLUSION

Increased CEM Cement powder to liquid ratio will increase the sealing ability of this material as apical plug. Considering the conditions of this study, the powder to liquid ratio of 3:40 provided the best sealing ability.

Comparison of Microleakage of CEM Cement Apical Plug in Different Powder/ Liquid Ratio in Immature Teeth Using Fluid Filtration Technique

STATEMENT OF THE PROBLEM

Sealing ability is one of the most important factors for successful endodontic treatment. Some studies have shown that the powder to liquid ratio can influence the properties of dental materials. Subsequently, this may happen for those used for sealing in endodontics.

PURPOSE

The purpose of this research was to assess the microleakage of calcium-enriched mixture (CEM) cement apical plug in different powder to liquid ratio.

MATERIALS AND METHOD

Ninety-six extracted human single root and single canal teeth were decoronated. Working length was determined using ≠15 k-file. Canal preparation was performed using step back method. Samples were divided into 3 groups randomly. CEM cement was placed into the canal with 1.13, 2.27 and 3.40 powder to liquid ratio in the group 1, 2 and 3, respectively. After complete setting of CEM cement, the micro leakage value was evaluated using fluid filtration method. Data were analyzed using ANOVA and Scheffe tests.

RESULTS

The bubble movement in three groups showed a statistically significant difference (p< 0.001). Minimum and maximum bubble movements were observed in the group with powder to liquid ratios of 3.40 and 1.13 respectively.

CONCLUSION

Increased CEM Cement powder to liquid ratio will increase the sealing ability of this material as apical plug. Considering the conditions of this study, the powder to liquid ratio of 3:40 provided the best sealing ability.