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Djemal R, Bradai M, Amor F, Hanin M, Ebel C. Wheat type one protein phosphatase promotes salt and osmotic stress tolerance in arabidopsis via auxin-mediated remodelling of the root system. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY AND BIOCHEMISTRY : PPB 2023; 201:107832. [PMID: 37327648 DOI: 10.1016/j.plaphy.2023.107832] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2023] [Revised: 05/31/2023] [Accepted: 06/09/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
The control of optimal root growth and plant stress responses depends largely on a variety of phytohormones among which auxin and brassinosteroids (BRs) are the most influential. We have previously reported that the durum wheat type 1 protein phosphatase TdPP1 participates in the control of root growth by modulating BR signaling. In this study, we pursue our understanding of how TdPP1 fulfills this regulatory function on root growth by evaluating the physiological and molecular responses of Arabidopsis TdPP1 over-expressing lines to abiotic stresses. Our results showed that when exposed to 300 mM Mannitol or 100 mM NaCl, the seedlings of TdPP1 over-expressors exhibit modified root architecture with higher lateral root density, and longer root hairs concomitant with a lower inhibition of the primary root growth. These lines also exhibit faster gravitropic response and a decrease in primary root growth inhibition when exposed to high concentrations of exogenous IAA. On another hand, a cross between TdPP1 overexpressors and DR5:GUS marker line was performed to monitor auxin accumulation in roots. Remarkably, the TdPP1 overexpression resulted in an enhanced auxin gradient under salt stress with a higher accumulation in primary and lateral root tips. Moreover, TdPP1 transgenics exhibit a significant induction of a subset of auxin-responsive genes under salt stress conditions. Therefore, our results reveal a role of PP1 in enhancing auxin signaling to help shape greater root plasticity thus improving plant stress resilience.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rania Djemal
- Plant Physiology and Functional Genomics Research Unit, Higher Institute of Biotechnology, University of Sfax, BP "1175", 3038, Sfax, Tunisia
| | - Mariem Bradai
- Plant Physiology and Functional Genomics Research Unit, Higher Institute of Biotechnology, University of Sfax, BP "1175", 3038, Sfax, Tunisia
| | - Fatma Amor
- Plant Physiology and Functional Genomics Research Unit, Higher Institute of Biotechnology, University of Sfax, BP "1175", 3038, Sfax, Tunisia
| | - Moez Hanin
- Plant Physiology and Functional Genomics Research Unit, Higher Institute of Biotechnology, University of Sfax, BP "1175", 3038, Sfax, Tunisia
| | - Chantal Ebel
- Plant Physiology and Functional Genomics Research Unit, Higher Institute of Biotechnology, University of Sfax, BP "1175", 3038, Sfax, Tunisia.
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Wang B, He W, Huang M, Feng J, Li Y, Yu L, Wang Y, Zhou D, Meng C, Cheng D, Tang N, Song B, Chen H. Ralstonia solanacearum type III effector RipAS associates with potato type one protein phosphatase StTOPP6 to promote bacterial wilt. HORTICULTURE RESEARCH 2023; 10:uhad087. [PMID: 37334181 PMCID: PMC10273071 DOI: 10.1093/hr/uhad087] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2022] [Accepted: 04/24/2023] [Indexed: 06/20/2023]
Abstract
The bacterial pathogen Ralstonia solanacearum (R. solanacearum) delivered type III secretion effectors to inhibit the immune system and cause bacterial wilt on potato. Protein phosphatases are key regulators in plant immunity, which pathogens can manipulate to alter host processes. Here, we show that a type III effector RipAS can reduce the nucleolar accumulation of a type one protein phosphatase (PP1) StTOPP6 to promote bacterial wilt. StTOPP6 was used as bait in the Yeast two-Hybrid (Y2H) assay and acquired an effector RipAS that interacts with it. RipAS was characterized as a virulence effector to contribute to R. solanacearum infection, and stable expression of RipAS in potato impaired plant resistance against R. solanacearum. Overexpression of StTOPP6 showed enhanced disease symptoms when inoculated with wild strain UW551 but not the ripAS deletion mutant, indicating that the expression of StTOPP6 facilitates the virulence of RipAS. RipAS reduced the nucleolar accumulation of StTOPP6, which occurred during R. solanacearum infection. Moreover, the association also widely existed between other PP1s and RipAS. We argue that RipAS is a virulence effector associated with PP1s to promote bacterial wilt.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bingsen Wang
- National Key Laboratory for Germplasm Innovation & Utilization of Horticultural Crops, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China
- Key Laboratory of Potato Biology and Biotechnology (HZAU), Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Wuhan 430070, China
- Potato Engineering and Technology Research Center of Hubei Province, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China
- College of Horticulture and Forestry Science, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Wenfeng He
- National Key Laboratory for Germplasm Innovation & Utilization of Horticultural Crops, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China
- Key Laboratory of Potato Biology and Biotechnology (HZAU), Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Wuhan 430070, China
- Potato Engineering and Technology Research Center of Hubei Province, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China
- College of Horticulture and Forestry Science, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Mengshu Huang
- National Key Laboratory for Germplasm Innovation & Utilization of Horticultural Crops, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China
- Key Laboratory of Potato Biology and Biotechnology (HZAU), Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Wuhan 430070, China
- Potato Engineering and Technology Research Center of Hubei Province, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China
- College of Horticulture and Forestry Science, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Jiachen Feng
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Adaptation and Improvement, Henan University, Kaifeng 475001, China
| | - Yanping Li
- National Key Laboratory for Germplasm Innovation & Utilization of Horticultural Crops, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China
- Key Laboratory of Potato Biology and Biotechnology (HZAU), Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Wuhan 430070, China
- Potato Engineering and Technology Research Center of Hubei Province, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China
- College of Horticulture and Forestry Science, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Liu Yu
- National Key Laboratory for Germplasm Innovation & Utilization of Horticultural Crops, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China
- Key Laboratory of Potato Biology and Biotechnology (HZAU), Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Wuhan 430070, China
- Potato Engineering and Technology Research Center of Hubei Province, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China
- College of Horticulture and Forestry Science, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Yuqi Wang
- National Key Laboratory for Germplasm Innovation & Utilization of Horticultural Crops, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China
- Key Laboratory of Potato Biology and Biotechnology (HZAU), Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Wuhan 430070, China
- Potato Engineering and Technology Research Center of Hubei Province, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China
- College of Horticulture and Forestry Science, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Dan Zhou
- National Key Laboratory for Germplasm Innovation & Utilization of Horticultural Crops, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China
- Key Laboratory of Potato Biology and Biotechnology (HZAU), Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Wuhan 430070, China
- Potato Engineering and Technology Research Center of Hubei Province, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China
- College of Horticulture and Forestry Science, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Chengzhen Meng
- National Key Laboratory for Germplasm Innovation & Utilization of Horticultural Crops, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China
- Key Laboratory of Potato Biology and Biotechnology (HZAU), Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Wuhan 430070, China
- Potato Engineering and Technology Research Center of Hubei Province, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China
- College of Horticulture and Forestry Science, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Dong Cheng
- National Key Laboratory for Germplasm Innovation & Utilization of Horticultural Crops, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China
- Key Laboratory of Potato Biology and Biotechnology (HZAU), Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Wuhan 430070, China
- Potato Engineering and Technology Research Center of Hubei Province, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China
- College of Horticulture and Forestry Science, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Ning Tang
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Adaptation and Improvement, Henan University, Kaifeng 475001, China
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Wang Q. The role of forkhead-associated (FHA)-domain proteins in plant biology. PLANT MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 2023; 111:455-472. [PMID: 36849846 DOI: 10.1007/s11103-023-01338-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2022] [Accepted: 01/31/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
The forkhead-associated (FHA) domain, a well-characterized small protein module that mediates protein-protein interactions by targeting motifs containing phosphothreonine, is present in many regulatory molecules like protein kinase, phosphatases, transcription factors, and other functional proteins. FHA-domain containing proteins in yeast and human are involved in a large variety of cellular processes such as DNA repair, cell cycle arrest, or pre-mRNA processing. Since the first FHA-domain protein, kinase-associated protein phosphatase (KAPP) was found in plants, the interest in plant FHA-containing proteins has increased dramatically, mainly due to the important role of FHA domain-containing proteins in plant growth and development. In this review, we provide a comprehensive overview of the fundamental properties of FHA domain-containing proteins in plants, and systematically summarized and analyzed the research progress of proteins containing the FHA domain in plants. We also emphasized that AT5G47790 and its homologs may play an important role as the regulatory subunit of protein phosphatase 1 (PP1) in plants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiuling Wang
- Institute of Future Agriculture, State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology for Arid Areas, State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology for Arid Areas, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, 712100, Shaanxi, People's Republic of China.
- Key Laboratory of Cell Activities and Stress Adaptations, Ministry of Education, School of Life Sciences, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, 730000, People's Republic of China.
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Saini LK, Bheri M, Pandey GK. Protein phosphatases and their targets: Comprehending the interactions in plant signaling pathways. ADVANCES IN PROTEIN CHEMISTRY AND STRUCTURAL BIOLOGY 2023; 134:307-370. [PMID: 36858740 DOI: 10.1016/bs.apcsb.2022.11.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/16/2023]
Abstract
Protein phosphorylation is a vital reversible post-translational modification. This process is established by two classes of enzymes: protein kinases and protein phosphatases. Protein kinases phosphorylate proteins while protein phosphatases dephosphorylate phosphorylated proteins, thus, functioning as 'critical regulators' in signaling pathways. The eukaryotic protein phosphatases are classified as phosphoprotein phosphatases (PPP), metallo-dependent protein phosphatases (PPM), protein tyrosine (Tyr) phosphatases (PTP), and aspartate (Asp)-dependent phosphatases. The PPP and PPM families are serine (Ser)/threonine (Thr) specific phosphatases (STPs) that dephosphorylate Ser and Thr residues. The PTP family dephosphorylates Tyr residues while dual-specificity phosphatases (DsPTPs/DSPs) dephosphorylate Ser, Thr, and Tyr residues. The composition of these enzymes as well as their substrate specificity are important determinants of their functional significance in a number of cellular processes and stress responses. Their role in animal systems is well-understood and characterized. The functional characterization of protein phosphatases has been extensively covered in plants, although the comprehension of their mechanistic basis is an ongoing pursuit. The nature of their interactions with other key players in the signaling process is vital to our understanding. The substrates or targets determine their potential as well as magnitude of the impact they have on signaling pathways. In this article, we exclusively overview the various substrates of protein phosphatases in plant signaling pathways, which are a critical determinant of the outcome of various developmental and stress stimuli.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lokesh K Saini
- Department of Plant Molecular Biology, University of Delhi South Campus, Dhaula Kuan, New Delhi, India
| | - Malathi Bheri
- Department of Plant Molecular Biology, University of Delhi South Campus, Dhaula Kuan, New Delhi, India
| | - Girdhar K Pandey
- Department of Plant Molecular Biology, University of Delhi South Campus, Dhaula Kuan, New Delhi, India.
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5
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Wang Q, Qin Q, Su M, Li N, Zhang J, Liu Y, Yan L, Hou S. Type one protein phosphatase regulates fixed-carbon starvation-induced autophagy in Arabidopsis. THE PLANT CELL 2022; 34:4531-4553. [PMID: 35961047 PMCID: PMC9614501 DOI: 10.1093/plcell/koac251] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2022] [Accepted: 08/04/2022] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
Autophagy, a conserved pathway that carries out the bulk degradation of cytoplasmic material in eukaryotic cells, is critical for plant physiology and development. This process is tightly regulated by ATG13, a core component of the ATG1 kinase complex, which initiates autophagy. Although ATG13 is known to be dephosphorylated immediately after nutrient starvation, the phosphatase regulating this process is poorly understood. Here, we determined that the Arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thaliana) septuple mutant (topp-7m) and octuple mutant (topp-8m) of TYPE ONE PROTEIN PHOSPHATASE (TOPP) exhibited significantly reduced tolerance to fixed-carbon (C) starvation due to compromised autophagy activity. Genetic analysis placed TOPP upstream of autophagy. Interestingly, ATG13a was found to be an interactor of TOPP. TOPP directly dephosphorylated ATG13a in vitro and in vivo. We identified 18 phosphorylation sites in ATG13a by LC-MS. Phospho-dead ATG13a at these 18 sites significantly promoted autophagy and increased the tolerance of the atg13ab mutant to fixed-C starvation. The dephosphorylation of ATG13a facilitated ATG1a-ATG13a complex formation. Consistently, the recruitment of ATG13a for ATG1a was markedly inhibited in topp-7m-1. Finally, TOPP-controlled dephosphorylation of ATG13a boosted ATG1a phosphorylation. Taken together, our study reveals the crucial role of TOPP in regulating autophagy by stimulating the formation of the ATG1a-ATG13a complex by dephosphorylating ATG13a in Arabidopsis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiuling Wang
- Key Laboratory of Cell Activities and Stress Adaptations, Ministry of Education, School of Life Sciences, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, People’s Republic of China
| | - Qianqian Qin
- Key Laboratory of Cell Activities and Stress Adaptations, Ministry of Education, School of Life Sciences, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, People’s Republic of China
| | - Meifei Su
- Key Laboratory of Cell Activities and Stress Adaptations, Ministry of Education, School of Life Sciences, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, People’s Republic of China
| | - Na Li
- Key Laboratory of Cell Activities and Stress Adaptations, Ministry of Education, School of Life Sciences, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, People’s Republic of China
| | - Jing Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Cell Activities and Stress Adaptations, Ministry of Education, School of Life Sciences, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, People’s Republic of China
| | - Yang Liu
- Key Laboratory of Cell Activities and Stress Adaptations, Ministry of Education, School of Life Sciences, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, People’s Republic of China
| | - Longfeng Yan
- Key Laboratory of Cell Activities and Stress Adaptations, Ministry of Education, School of Life Sciences, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, People’s Republic of China
| | - Suiwen Hou
- Key Laboratory of Cell Activities and Stress Adaptations, Ministry of Education, School of Life Sciences, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, People’s Republic of China
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6
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Jadoon S, Qin Q, Shi W, Longfeng Y, Hou S. Rice protein phosphatase 1 regulatory subunits OsINH2 and OsINH3 participate actively in growth and adaptive responses under abscisic acid. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2022; 13:990575. [PMID: 36186070 PMCID: PMC9521630 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2022.990575] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2022] [Accepted: 08/11/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Rice (Oryza sativa L.), a worldwide staple food crop, is affected by various environmental stressors that ultimately reduce yield. However, diversified physiological and molecular responses enable it to cope with adverse factors. It includes the integration of numerous signaling in which protein phosphatase 1 (PP1) plays a pivotal role. Research on PP1 has been mostly limited to the PP1 catalytic subunit in numerous cellular progressions. Therefore, we focused on the role of PP1 regulatory subunits (PP1r), OsINH2 and OsINH3, homologs of AtINH2 and AtINH3 in Arabidopsis, in rice growth and stress adaptations. Our observations revealed that these are ubiquitously expressed regulatory subunits that interacted and colocalized with their counter partners, type 1 protein phosphatase (OsTOPPs) but could not change their subcellular localization. The mutation in OsINH2 and OsINH3 reduced pollen viability, thereby affected rice fertility. They were involved in abscisic acid (ABA)-mediated inhibition of seed germination, perhaps by interacting with osmotic stress/ABA-activated protein kinases (OsSAPKs). Meanwhile, they positively participated in osmotic adjustment by proline biosynthesis, detoxifying reactive oxygen species (ROS) through peroxidases (POD), reducing malondialdehyde formation (MDA), and regulating stress-responsive genes. Moreover, their co-interaction proposed they might mediate cellular processes together or by co-regulation; however, the special behavior of two different PP1r is needed to explore. In a nutshell, this research enlightened the involvement of OsINH2 and OsINH3 in the reproductive growth of rice and adaptive strategies under stress. Hence, their genetic interaction with ABA components and deep mechanisms underlying osmotic regulation and ROS adjustment would explain their role in complex signaling. This research offers the basis for introducing stress-resistant crops.
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He L, Han Z, Zang Y, Dai F, Chen J, Jin S, Huang C, Cheng Y, Zhang J, Xu B, Qi G, Cao Y, Yan S, Xuan L, Zhang T, Si Z, Hu Y. Advanced genes expression pattern greatly contributes to divergence in Verticillium wilt resistance between Gossypium barbadense and Gossupium hirsutum. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2022; 13:979585. [PMID: 35979082 PMCID: PMC9376480 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2022.979585] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2022] [Accepted: 07/12/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Verticillium, representing one of the world's major pathogens, causes Verticillium wilt in important woody species, ornamentals, agricultural, etc., consequently resulting in a serious decline in production and quality, especially in cotton. Gossupium hirutum and Gossypium barbadense are two kinds of widely cultivated cotton species that suffer from Verticillium wilt, while G. barbadense has much higher resistance toward it than G. hirsutum. However, the molecular mechanism regarding their divergence in Verticillium wilt resistance remains largely unknown. In the current study, G. barbadense cv. Hai7124 and G. hirsutum acc. TM-1 were compared at 0, 12, 24, 48, 72, 96, 120, and 144 h post-inoculation (hpi) utilizing high throughput RNA-Sequencing. As a result, a total of 3,549 and 4,725 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were identified, respectively. In particular, the resistant type Hai7124 displayed an earlier and faster detection and signaling response to the Verticillium dahliae infection and demonstrated higher expression levels of defense-related genes over TM-1 with respect to transcription factors, plant hormone signal transduction, plant-pathogen interaction, and nucleotide-binding leucine-rich repeat (NLR) genes. This study provides new insights into the molecular mechanisms of divergence in Verticillium wilt resistance between G. barbadense and G. hirsutum and important candidate genes for breeding V. dahliae resistant cotton cultivars.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lu He
- Department of Agronomy, College of Agriculture and Biotechnology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Zegang Han
- Department of Agronomy, College of Agriculture and Biotechnology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Yihao Zang
- Department of Agronomy, College of Agriculture and Biotechnology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Fan Dai
- Department of Agronomy, College of Agriculture and Biotechnology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Jinwen Chen
- Department of Agronomy, College of Agriculture and Biotechnology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Shangkun Jin
- Department of Agronomy, College of Agriculture and Biotechnology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Chujun Huang
- Department of Agronomy, College of Agriculture and Biotechnology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Yu Cheng
- Department of Agronomy, College of Agriculture and Biotechnology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Juncheng Zhang
- Department of Agronomy, College of Agriculture and Biotechnology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Biyu Xu
- Department of Agronomy, College of Agriculture and Biotechnology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Guoan Qi
- Department of Agronomy, College of Agriculture and Biotechnology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Yiwen Cao
- Department of Agronomy, College of Agriculture and Biotechnology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Sunyi Yan
- Department of Agronomy, College of Agriculture and Biotechnology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Lisha Xuan
- Department of Agronomy, College of Agriculture and Biotechnology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Tianzhen Zhang
- Department of Agronomy, College of Agriculture and Biotechnology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Zhanfeng Si
- Department of Agronomy, College of Agriculture and Biotechnology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
- The Rural Development Academy, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Yan Hu
- Department of Agronomy, College of Agriculture and Biotechnology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
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8
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What's new in protein kinase/phosphatase signalling in the control of plant immunity? Essays Biochem 2022; 66:621-634. [PMID: 35723080 PMCID: PMC9528078 DOI: 10.1042/ebc20210088] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2022] [Revised: 05/24/2022] [Accepted: 06/01/2022] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Plant immunity is crucial to plant health but comes at an expense. For optimal plant growth, tight immune regulation is required to prevent unnecessary rechannelling of valuable resources. Pattern- and effector-triggered immunity (PTI/ETI) represent the two tiers of immunity initiated after sensing microbial patterns at the cell surface or pathogen effectors secreted into plant cells, respectively. Recent evidence of PTI-ETI cross-potentiation suggests a close interplay of signalling pathways and defense responses downstream of perception that is still poorly understood. This review will focus on controls on plant immunity through phosphorylation, a universal and key cellular regulatory mechanism. Rather than a complete overview, we highlight “what’s new in protein kinase/phosphatase signalling” in the immunity field. In addition to phosphoregulation of components in the pattern recognition receptor (PRR) complex, we will cover the actions of the major immunity-relevant intracellular protein kinases/phosphatases in the ‘signal relay’, namely calcium-regulated kinases (e.g. calcium-dependent protein kinases, CDPKs), mitogen-activated protein kinases (MAPKs), and various protein phosphatases. We discuss how these factors define a phosphocode that generates cellular decision-making ‘logic gates’, which contribute to signalling fidelity, amplitude, and duration. To underscore the importance of phosphorylation, we summarize strategies employed by pathogens to subvert plant immune phosphopathways. In view of recent game-changing discoveries of ETI-derived resistosomes organizing into calcium-permeable pores, we speculate on a possible calcium-regulated phosphocode as the mechanistic control of the PTI-ETI continuum.
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Lewis RW, Okubara PA, Sullivan TS, Madden BJ, Johnson KL, Charlesworth MC, Fuerst EP. Proteome-Wide Response of Dormant Caryopses of the Weed, Avena fatua, After Colonization by a Seed-Decay Isolate of Fusarium avenaceum. PHYTOPATHOLOGY 2022; 112:1103-1117. [PMID: 35365054 DOI: 10.1094/phyto-06-21-0234-r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Promoting seed decay is an ecological approach to reducing weed persistence in the soil seedbank. Previous work demonstrated that Fusarium avenaceum F.a.1 decays dormant Avena fatua (wild oat) caryopses and induces several defense enzyme activities in vitro. The objectives of this study were to obtain a global perspective of proteins expressed after F.a.1-caryopsis colonization by conducting proteomic evaluations on (i) leachates, soluble extrinsic (seed-surface) proteins released upon washing caryopses in buffer and (ii) proteins extracted from whole caryopses; interactions with aluminum (Al) were also evaluated in the latter study because soil acidification and associated metal toxicity are growing problems. Of the 119 leachate proteins classified as defense/stress, 80 were induced or repressed. Defense/stress proteins were far more abundant in A. fatua (35%) than in F.a.1 (12%). Avena defense/stress proteins were also the most highly regulated category, with 30% induced and 35% repressed by F.a.1. Antifungal proteins represented 36% of Avena defense proteins and were the most highly regulated, with 36% induced and 37% repressed by F.a.1. These results implicate selective regulation of Avena defense proteins by F.a.1. Fusarium proteins were also highly abundant in the leachates, with 10% related to pathogenicity, 45% of which were associated with host cell wall degradation. In whole caryopsis extracts, fungal colonization generally resulted in induction of a similar set of Avena proteins in the presence and absence of Al. Results advance the hypothesis that seed decay pathogens elicit intricate and dynamic biochemical responses in dormant seeds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ricky W Lewis
- Department of Crop and Soil Sciences, Washington State University, Pullman, WA 99164
| | - Patricia A Okubara
- Wheat Health, Genetics and Quality Research Unit, Agricultural Research Service, U.S. Department of Agriculture, Pullman, WA 99164
| | - Tarah S Sullivan
- Department of Crop and Soil Sciences, Washington State University, Pullman, WA 99164
| | - Benjamin J Madden
- Mayo Clinic Medical Genome Facility, Proteomics Core, Rochester, MN 55905
| | - Kenneth L Johnson
- Mayo Clinic Medical Genome Facility, Proteomics Core, Rochester, MN 55905
| | | | - E Patrick Fuerst
- Department of Crop and Soil Sciences, Washington State University, Pullman, WA 99164
- Western Wheat Quality Laboratory, Washington State University, Pullman, WA 99164
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10
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Li C, Wang K, Huang Y, Lei C, Cao S, Qiu L, Xu F, Jiang Y, Zou Y, Zheng Y. Activation of the BABA-induced priming defence through redox homeostasis and the modules of TGA1 and MAPKK5 in postharvest peach fruit. MOLECULAR PLANT PATHOLOGY 2021; 22:1624-1640. [PMID: 34498365 PMCID: PMC8578844 DOI: 10.1111/mpp.13134] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2021] [Revised: 08/17/2021] [Accepted: 08/18/2021] [Indexed: 05/09/2023]
Abstract
The priming of defence responses in pathogen-challenged model plants undergoes a preparation phase and an expression phase for defence function. However, the priming response in postharvest fruits has not been elucidated. Here, we found that 50 mM β-aminobutyric acid (BABA) treatment could induce two distinct pathways linked with TGA1-related systemic acquired resistance (SAR), resulting in the alleviation of Rhizopus rot in postharvest peach fruit. The first priming phase was elicited by BABA alone, leading to the enhanced transcription of redox-regulated genes and posttranslational modification of PpTGA1. The second phase was activated by an H2 O2 burst via up-regulation of PpRBOH genes and stimulation of the MAPK cascade on pathogen invasion, resulting in a robust defence. In the MAPK cascade, PpMAPKK5 was identified as a shortcut interacting protein of PpTGA1 and increased the DNA binding activity of PpTGA1 for the activation of salicylic acid (SA)-responsive PR genes. The overexpression of PpMAPKK5 in Arabidopsis caused the constitutive transcription of SA-dependent PR genes and as a result conferred resistance against the fungus Rhizopus stolonifer. Hence, we suggest that the BABA-induced priming defence in peaches is activated by redox homeostasis with an elicitor-induced reductive signalling and a pathogen-stimulated H2 O2 burst, which is accompanied by the possible phosphorylation of PpTGA1 by PpMAPKK5 for signal amplification.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chunhong Li
- College of Biology and Food EngineeringChongqing Three Gorges UniversityChongqingChina
- College of Food Science and TechnologyNanjing Agricultural UniversityNanjingChina
| | - Kaituo Wang
- College of Biology and Food EngineeringChongqing Three Gorges UniversityChongqingChina
- College of Food Science and TechnologyNanjing Agricultural UniversityNanjingChina
| | - Yixiao Huang
- College of Art and ScienceUniversity of MiamiCoral GablesFloridaUSA
| | - Changyi Lei
- College of Biology and Food EngineeringChongqing Three Gorges UniversityChongqingChina
| | - Shifeng Cao
- College of Biological and Environmental SciencesZhejiang Wanli UniversityNingboChina
| | - Linglan Qiu
- College of Biology and Food EngineeringChongqing Three Gorges UniversityChongqingChina
| | - Feng Xu
- College of Food Science and TechnologyNanjing Agricultural UniversityNanjingChina
- College of Food and Pharmaceutical SciencesNingbo UniversityNingboChina
| | - Yongbo Jiang
- College of Biology and Food EngineeringChongqing Three Gorges UniversityChongqingChina
| | - Yanyu Zou
- College of Biology and Food EngineeringChongqing Three Gorges UniversityChongqingChina
| | - Yonghua Zheng
- College of Food Science and TechnologyNanjing Agricultural UniversityNanjingChina
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11
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Nicolau M, Picault N, Moissiard G. The Evolutionary Volte-Face of Transposable Elements: From Harmful Jumping Genes to Major Drivers of Genetic Innovation. Cells 2021; 10:cells10112952. [PMID: 34831175 PMCID: PMC8616336 DOI: 10.3390/cells10112952] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2021] [Revised: 10/20/2021] [Accepted: 10/20/2021] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Transposable elements (TEs) are self-replicating DNA elements that constitute major fractions of eukaryote genomes. Their ability to transpose can modify the genome structure with potentially deleterious effects. To repress TE activity, host cells have developed numerous strategies, including epigenetic pathways, such as DNA methylation or histone modifications. Although TE neo-insertions are mostly deleterious or neutral, they can become advantageous for the host under specific circumstances. The phenomenon leading to the appropriation of TE-derived sequences by the host is known as TE exaptation or co-option. TE exaptation can be of different natures, through the production of coding or non-coding DNA sequences with ultimately an adaptive benefit for the host. In this review, we first give new insights into the silencing pathways controlling TE activity. We then discuss a model to explain how, under specific environmental conditions, TEs are unleashed, leading to a TE burst and neo-insertions, with potential benefits for the host. Finally, we review our current knowledge of coding and non-coding TE exaptation by providing several examples in various organisms and describing a method to identify TE co-option events.
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Affiliation(s)
- Melody Nicolau
- LGDP-UMR5096, CNRS, 66860 Perpignan, France; (M.N.); (N.P.)
- LGDP-UMR5096, Université de Perpignan Via Domitia, 66860 Perpignan, France
| | - Nathalie Picault
- LGDP-UMR5096, CNRS, 66860 Perpignan, France; (M.N.); (N.P.)
- LGDP-UMR5096, Université de Perpignan Via Domitia, 66860 Perpignan, France
| | - Guillaume Moissiard
- LGDP-UMR5096, CNRS, 66860 Perpignan, France; (M.N.); (N.P.)
- LGDP-UMR5096, Université de Perpignan Via Domitia, 66860 Perpignan, France
- Correspondence:
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12
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Wang T, Zhang X. Genome-wide dynamic network analysis reveals the potential genes for MeJA-induced growth-to-defense transition. BMC PLANT BIOLOGY 2021; 21:450. [PMID: 34615468 PMCID: PMC8493714 DOI: 10.1186/s12870-021-03185-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2021] [Accepted: 08/23/2021] [Indexed: 05/13/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Methyl jasmonate (MeJA), which has been identified as a lipid-derived stress hormone, mediates plant resistance to biotic/abiotic stress. Understanding MeJA-induced plant defense provides insight into how they responding to environmental stimuli. RESULT In this work, the dynamic network analysis method was used to quantitatively identify the tipping point of growth-to-defense transition and detect the associated genes. As a result, 146 genes were detected as dynamic network biomarker (DNB) members and the critical defense transition was identified based on dense time-series RNA-seq data of MeJA-treated Arabidopsis thaliana. The GO functional analysis showed that these DNB genes were significantly enriched in defense terms. The network analysis between DNB genes and differentially expressed genes showed that the hub genes including SYP121, SYP122, WRKY33 and MPK11 play a vital role in plant growth-to-defense transition. CONCLUSIONS Based on the dynamic network analysis of MeJA-induced plant resistance, we provide an important guideline for understanding the growth-to-defense transition of plants' response to environment stimuli. This study also provides a database with the key genes of plant defense induced by MeJA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tengfei Wang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Plant Germplasm Enhancement and Specialty Agriculture, Wuhan Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 430074, Wuhan, China
- Center of Economic Botany, Core Botanical Gardens, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 430074, Wuhan, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, 100049, Beijing, China
| | - Xiujun Zhang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Plant Germplasm Enhancement and Specialty Agriculture, Wuhan Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 430074, Wuhan, China.
- Center of Economic Botany, Core Botanical Gardens, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 430074, Wuhan, China.
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13
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Bradai M, Amorim-Silva V, Belgaroui N, Esteban del Valle A, Chabouté ME, Schmit AC, Lozano-Duran R, Botella MA, Hanin M, Ebel C. Wheat Type One Protein Phosphatase Participates in the Brassinosteroid Control of Root Growth via Activation of BES1. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms221910424. [PMID: 34638765 PMCID: PMC8508605 DOI: 10.3390/ijms221910424] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2021] [Revised: 08/07/2021] [Accepted: 08/10/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Brassinosteroids (BRs) play key roles in diverse plant growth processes through a complex signaling pathway. Components orchestrating the BR signaling pathway include receptors such as kinases, transcription factors, protein kinases and phosphatases. The proper functioning of the receptor kinase BRI1 and the transcription factors BES1/BZR1 depends on their dephosphorylation by type 2A protein phosphatases (PP2A). In this work, we report that an additional phosphatase family, type one protein phosphatases (PP1), contributes to the regulation of the BR signaling pathway. Co-immunoprecipitation and BiFC experiments performed in Arabidopsis plants overexpressing durum wheat TdPP1 showed that TdPP1 interacts with dephosphorylated BES1, but not with the BRI1 receptor. Higher levels of dephosphorylated, active BES1 were observed in these transgenic lines upon BR treatment, indicating that TdPP1 modifies the BR signaling pathway by activating BES1. Moreover, ectopic expression of durum wheat TdPP1 lead to an enhanced growth of primary roots in comparison to wild-type plants in presence of BR. This phenotype corroborates with a down-regulation of the BR-regulated genes CPD and DWF4. These data suggest a role of PP1 in fine-tuning BR-driven responses, most likely via the control of the phosphorylation status of BES1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mariem Bradai
- Laboratory of Biotechnology and Plant Improvement, Center of Biotechnology of Sfax, BP “1177”, University of Sfax, Sfax 3018, Tunisia;
- Plant Physiology and Functional Genomics Research Unit, Institute of Biotechnology of Sfax, BP “1175”, University of Sfax, Sfax 3038, Tunisia; (N.B.); (M.H.)
- Shanghai Center for Plant Stress Biology, CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Plant Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 201602, China;
| | - Vitor Amorim-Silva
- Departamento de Biología Molecular y Bioquímica, Instituto de Hortofruticultura Subtropical y Mediterranea “La Mayora”, Universidad de Malaga-Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (IHSM-UMA-CSIC), Universidad de Málaga, Campus Teatinos, 29071 Málaga, Spain; (V.A.-S.); (A.E.d.V.); (M.A.B.)
| | - Nibras Belgaroui
- Plant Physiology and Functional Genomics Research Unit, Institute of Biotechnology of Sfax, BP “1175”, University of Sfax, Sfax 3038, Tunisia; (N.B.); (M.H.)
| | - Alicia Esteban del Valle
- Departamento de Biología Molecular y Bioquímica, Instituto de Hortofruticultura Subtropical y Mediterranea “La Mayora”, Universidad de Malaga-Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (IHSM-UMA-CSIC), Universidad de Málaga, Campus Teatinos, 29071 Málaga, Spain; (V.A.-S.); (A.E.d.V.); (M.A.B.)
| | - Marie-Edith Chabouté
- Institut de Biologie Moléculaire des Plantes, CNRS, Université de Strasbourg 12, rue du Général Zimmer, 67084 Strasbourg, France; (M.-E.C.); (A.-C.S.)
| | - Anne-Catherine Schmit
- Institut de Biologie Moléculaire des Plantes, CNRS, Université de Strasbourg 12, rue du Général Zimmer, 67084 Strasbourg, France; (M.-E.C.); (A.-C.S.)
| | - Rosa Lozano-Duran
- Shanghai Center for Plant Stress Biology, CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Plant Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 201602, China;
| | - Miguel Angel Botella
- Departamento de Biología Molecular y Bioquímica, Instituto de Hortofruticultura Subtropical y Mediterranea “La Mayora”, Universidad de Malaga-Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (IHSM-UMA-CSIC), Universidad de Málaga, Campus Teatinos, 29071 Málaga, Spain; (V.A.-S.); (A.E.d.V.); (M.A.B.)
| | - Moez Hanin
- Plant Physiology and Functional Genomics Research Unit, Institute of Biotechnology of Sfax, BP “1175”, University of Sfax, Sfax 3038, Tunisia; (N.B.); (M.H.)
| | - Chantal Ebel
- Plant Physiology and Functional Genomics Research Unit, Institute of Biotechnology of Sfax, BP “1175”, University of Sfax, Sfax 3038, Tunisia; (N.B.); (M.H.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.:+216-74-871-816
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14
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Wang S, Guo J, Zhang Y, Guo Y, Ji W. Genome-wide characterization and expression analysis of TOPP-type protein phosphatases in soybean (Glycine max L.) reveal the role of GmTOPP13 in drought tolerance. Genes Genomics 2021; 43:783-796. [PMID: 33864615 DOI: 10.1007/s13258-021-01075-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2020] [Accepted: 03/01/2021] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND In response to various abiotic stressors such as drought, many plants engage different protein phosphatases linked to several physiological and developmental processes. However, comprehensive analysis of this gene family is lacking for soybean. OBJECTIVE This study was performed to identify the TOPP-type protein phosphatase family in soybean and investigate the gene's role under drought stress. METHODS Soybean genome sequences and transcriptome data were downloaded from the Phytozome v.12, and the microarray data were downloaded from NCBI GEO datasets GSE49537. Expression profiles of GmTOPP13 were obtained based on qRT-PCR results. GmTOPP13 gene was transformed into tobacco plants via Agrobacterium mediated method, and the drought tolerance was analyzed by water deficit assay. RESULTS 15 GmTOPP genes were identified in the soybean genome database (GmTOPP1-15). GmTOPP genes were distributed on 9 of 20 chromosomes, with similar exon-intron structure and motifs arrangement. All GmTOPPs contained Metallophos and STPPase_N domains as well as the core catalytic sites. Cis-regulatory element analysis predicted that GmTOPPs were widely involved in plant development, stress and hormone response in soybean. Expression profiles showed that GmTOPPs expressed in different tissues and exhibited divergent expression patterns in leaf and root in response to drought stimulus. Moreover, GmTOPP13 gene was isolated and expression pattern analysis indicated that this gene was highly expressed in seed, root, leaf and other tissues detected, and intensively induced upon PEG6000 treatment. In addition, overexpression of GmTOPP13 gene enhanced the drought tolerance in tobacco plants. The transgenic tobacco plants showed regulation of stress-responsive genes including CAT, SOD, ERD10B and TIP during drought stress. CONCLUSIONS This study provides valuable information for the study of GmTOPP gene family in soybean, and lays a foundation for further functional studies of GmTOPP13 gene under drought and other abiotic stresses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sibo Wang
- College of Life Science, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, 150030, China
| | - Jingsong Guo
- College of Life Science, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, 150030, China
| | - Ying Zhang
- College of Life Science, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, 150030, China
| | - Yushuang Guo
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Genetics, China National Tobacco Corporation, Guizhou Institute of Tobacco Science, Guiyang, 550083, China
| | - Wei Ji
- College of Life Science, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, 150030, China.
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15
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Fei H, Yang Z, Lu Q, Wen X, Zhang Y, Zhang A, Lu C. OsSWEET14 cooperates with OsSWEET11 to contribute to grain filling in rice. PLANT SCIENCE : AN INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL PLANT BIOLOGY 2021; 306:110851. [PMID: 33775358 DOI: 10.1016/j.plantsci.2021.110851] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2020] [Revised: 02/08/2021] [Accepted: 02/11/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
The grain-filling process is crucial for cereal crop yields, but how the caryopsis of such plants is supplied with sugars, which are produced by photosynthesis in leaves and then transported long distance, is largely unknown. In rice (Oryza sativa), various SWEET family sucrose transporters are thought to have important roles in grain filling. Here, we report that OsSWEET14 plays a crucial part in this process in rice. ossweet14 knockout mutants did not show any detectable phenotypic differences from the wild type, whereas ossweet14;ossweet11 double-knockout mutants had much more severe phenotypes than ossweet11 single-knockout mutants, including strongly reduced grain weight and yield, reduced grain-filling rate, and increased starch accumulation in the pericarp. Both OsSWEET14 and OsSWEET11 exhibited distinct spatiotemporal expression patterns between the early stage of caryopsis development and the rapid grain-filling stage. During the rapid grain-filling stage, OsSWEET14 and OsSWEET11 localized to four key sites: vascular parenchyma cells, the nucellar projection, the nucellar epidermis, and cross cells. These results demonstrate that OsSWEET14 plays an important role in grain filling, and they suggest that four major apoplasmic pathways supply sucrose to the endosperm during the rapid grain-filling stage via the sucrose effluxers SWEET14 and SWEET11.
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Affiliation(s)
- Honghong Fei
- Key Laboratory of Photobiology, Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100093, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China.
| | - Zhipan Yang
- Key Laboratory of Photobiology, Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100093, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China.
| | - Qingtao Lu
- Key Laboratory of Photobiology, Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100093, China.
| | - Xiaogang Wen
- Key Laboratory of Photobiology, Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100093, China.
| | - Yi Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Biology, College of Life Sciences, Shandong Agricultural University, Taian, Shandong 271018, China.
| | - Aihong Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Biology, College of Life Sciences, Shandong Agricultural University, Taian, Shandong 271018, China.
| | - Congming Lu
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Biology, College of Life Sciences, Shandong Agricultural University, Taian, Shandong 271018, China.
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16
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Schreiber KJ, Lewis JD. Identification of a Putative DNA-Binding Protein in Arabidopsis That Acts as a Susceptibility Hub and Interacts With Multiple Pseudomonas syringae Effectors. MOLECULAR PLANT-MICROBE INTERACTIONS : MPMI 2021; 34:410-425. [PMID: 33373263 DOI: 10.1094/mpmi-10-20-0291-r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Phytopathogens use secreted effector proteins to suppress host immunity and promote pathogen virulence, and there is increasing evidence that the host-pathogen interactome comprises a complex network. To identify novel interactors of the Pseudomonas syringae effector HopZ1a, we performed a yeast two-hybrid screen that identified a previously uncharacterized Arabidopsis protein that we designate HopZ1a interactor 1 (ZIN1). Additional analyses in yeast and in planta revealed that ZIN1 also interacts with several other P. syringae effectors. We show that an Arabidopsis loss-of-function zin1 mutant is less susceptible to infection by certain strains of P. syringae, while overexpression of ZIN1 results in enhanced susceptibility. Functionally, ZIN1 exhibits topoisomerase-like activity in vitro. Transcriptional profiling of wild-type and zin1 Arabidopsis plants inoculated with P. syringae indicated that while ZIN1 regulates a wide range of pathogen-responsive biological processes, the list of genes more highly expressed in zin1 versus wild-type plants is particularly enriched for ribosomal protein genes. Altogether, these data illuminate ZIN1 as a potential susceptibility hub that interacts with multiple effectors to influence the outcome of plant-microbe interactions.[Formula: see text] Copyright © 2021 The Author(s). This is an open access article distributed under the CC BY-NC-ND 4.0 International license.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karl J Schreiber
- Department of Plant and Microbial Biology, University of California Berkeley, Berkeley, CA 94720-3102, U.S.A
| | - Jennifer D Lewis
- Department of Plant and Microbial Biology, University of California Berkeley, Berkeley, CA 94720-3102, U.S.A
- Plant Gene Expression Center, United States Department of Agriculture, Albany, CA 94710-1105, U.S.A
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17
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Wang B, He T, Zheng X, Song B, Chen H. Proteomic Analysis of Potato Responding to the Invasion of Ralstonia solanacearum UW551 and Its Type III Secretion System Mutant. MOLECULAR PLANT-MICROBE INTERACTIONS : MPMI 2021; 34:337-350. [PMID: 33332146 DOI: 10.1094/mpmi-06-20-0144-r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
The infection of potato with Ralstonia solanacearum UW551 gives rise to bacterial wilt disease via colonization of roots. The type III secretion system (T3SS) is a determinant factor for the pathogenicity of R. solanacearum. To fully understand perturbations in potato by R. solanacearum type III effectors(T3Es), we used proteomics to measure differences in potato root protein abundance after inoculation with R. solanacearum UW551 and the T3SS mutant (UW551△HrcV). We identified 21 differentially accumulated proteins. Compared with inoculation with UW551△HrcV, 10 proteins showed significantly lower abundance in potato roots after inoculation with UW551, indicating that those proteins were significantly downregulated by T3Es during the invasion. To identify their functions in immunity, we silenced those genes in Nicotiana benthamiana and tested the resistance of the silenced plants to the pathogen. Results showed that miraculin, HBP2, and TOM20 contribute to immunity to R. solanacearum. In contrast, PP1 contributes to susceptibility. Notably, none of four downregulated proteins (HBP2, PP1, HSP22, and TOM20) were downregulated at the transcriptional level, suggesting that they were significantly downregulated at the posttranscriptional level. We further coexpressed those four proteins with 33 core T3Es. To our surprise, multiple effectors were able to significantly decrease the studied protein abundances. In conclusion, our data showed that T3Es of R. solanacearum could subvert potato root immune-related proteins in a redundant manner.[Formula: see text] Copyright © 2021 The Author(s). This is an open access article distributed under the CC BY-NC-ND 4.0 International license.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bingsen Wang
- Key Laboratory of Potato Biology and Biotechnology, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China
- Key Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Biology, Ministry of Education, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, China
| | - Tianjiu He
- Guizhou Institute of Biotechnology, Guizhou Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Guizhou Province, Guiyang 550006, China
| | - Xueao Zheng
- Key Laboratory of Potato Biology and Biotechnology, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China
- Key Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Biology, Ministry of Education, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, China
| | - Botao Song
- Key Laboratory of Potato Biology and Biotechnology, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China
- Key Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Biology, Ministry of Education, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, China
| | - Huilan Chen
- Key Laboratory of Potato Biology and Biotechnology, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China
- Key Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Biology, Ministry of Education, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, China
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18
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Pan X, Chen J, Yang A, Yuan Q, Zhao W, Xu T, Chen B, Ren M, Geng R, Zong Z, Ma Z, Huang Z, Zhang Z. Comparative Transcriptome Profiling Reveals Defense-Related Genes Against Ralstonia solanacearum Infection in Tobacco. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2021; 12:767882. [PMID: 34970284 PMCID: PMC8712766 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2021.767882] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2021] [Accepted: 11/17/2021] [Indexed: 05/14/2023]
Abstract
Bacterial wilt (BW) caused by Ralstonia solanacearum (R. solanacearum), is a vascular disease affecting diverse solanaceous crops and causing tremendous damage to crop production. However, our knowledge of the mechanism underlying its resistance or susceptibility is very limited. In this study, we characterized the physiological differences and compared the defense-related transcriptomes of two tobacco varieties, 4411-3 (highly resistant, HR) and K326 (moderately resistant, MR), after R. solanacearum infection at 0, 10, and 17 days after inoculation (dpi). A total of 3967 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were identified between the HR and MR genotypes under mock condition at three time points, including1395 up-regulated genes in the HR genotype and 2640 up-regulated genes in the MR genotype. Also, 6,233 and 21,541 DEGs were induced in the HR and MR genotypes after R. solanacearum infection, respectively. Furthermore, GO and KEGG analyses revealed that DEGs in the HR genotype were related to the cell wall, starch and sucrose metabolism, glutathione metabolism, ABC transporters, endocytosis, glycerolipid metabolism, and glycerophospholipid metabolism. The defense-related genes generally showed genotype-specific regulation and expression differences after R. solanacearum infection. In addition, genes related to auxin and ABA were dramatically up-regulated in the HR genotype. The contents of auxin and ABA in the MR genotype were significantly higher than those in the HR genotype after R. solanacearum infection, providing insight into the defense mechanisms of tobacco. Altogether, these results clarify the physiological and transcriptional regulation of R. solanacearum resistance infection in tobacco, and improve our understanding of the molecular mechanism underlying the plant-pathogen interaction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoying Pan
- Guangdong Provincial Engineering & Technology Research Center for Tobacco Breeding and Comprehensive Utilization, Guangdong Key Laboratory for Crops Genetic Improvement, Crops Research Institute, Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences (GAAS), Guangzhou, China
| | - Junbiao Chen
- Guangdong Provincial Engineering & Technology Research Center for Tobacco Breeding and Comprehensive Utilization, Guangdong Key Laboratory for Crops Genetic Improvement, Crops Research Institute, Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences (GAAS), Guangzhou, China
| | - Aiguo Yang
- Key Laboratory of Tobacco Improvement and Biotechnology, Tobacco Research Institute of Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Qingdao, China
| | - Qinghua Yuan
- Guangdong Provincial Engineering & Technology Research Center for Tobacco Breeding and Comprehensive Utilization, Guangdong Key Laboratory for Crops Genetic Improvement, Crops Research Institute, Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences (GAAS), Guangzhou, China
| | - Weicai Zhao
- Nanxiong Tobacco Science Institute of Guangdong, Nanxiong, China
| | - Tingyu Xu
- Guangdong Provincial Engineering & Technology Research Center for Tobacco Breeding and Comprehensive Utilization, Guangdong Key Laboratory for Crops Genetic Improvement, Crops Research Institute, Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences (GAAS), Guangzhou, China
| | - Bowen Chen
- Guangdong Provincial Engineering & Technology Research Center for Tobacco Breeding and Comprehensive Utilization, Guangdong Key Laboratory for Crops Genetic Improvement, Crops Research Institute, Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences (GAAS), Guangzhou, China
| | - Min Ren
- Key Laboratory of Tobacco Improvement and Biotechnology, Tobacco Research Institute of Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Qingdao, China
| | - Ruimei Geng
- Key Laboratory of Tobacco Improvement and Biotechnology, Tobacco Research Institute of Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Qingdao, China
| | - Zhaohui Zong
- Nanxiong Tobacco Science Institute of Guangdong, Nanxiong, China
| | - Zhuwen Ma
- Guangdong Provincial Engineering & Technology Research Center for Tobacco Breeding and Comprehensive Utilization, Guangdong Key Laboratory for Crops Genetic Improvement, Crops Research Institute, Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences (GAAS), Guangzhou, China
| | - Zhenrui Huang
- Guangdong Provincial Engineering & Technology Research Center for Tobacco Breeding and Comprehensive Utilization, Guangdong Key Laboratory for Crops Genetic Improvement, Crops Research Institute, Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences (GAAS), Guangzhou, China
| | - Zhenchen Zhang
- Guangdong Provincial Engineering & Technology Research Center for Tobacco Breeding and Comprehensive Utilization, Guangdong Key Laboratory for Crops Genetic Improvement, Crops Research Institute, Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences (GAAS), Guangzhou, China
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19
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Bheri M, Mahiwal S, Sanyal SK, Pandey GK. Plant protein phosphatases: What do we know about their mechanism of action? FEBS J 2020; 288:756-785. [PMID: 32542989 DOI: 10.1111/febs.15454] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2020] [Revised: 05/27/2020] [Accepted: 06/09/2020] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Protein phosphorylation is a major reversible post-translational modification. Protein phosphatases function as 'critical regulators' in signaling networks through dephosphorylation of proteins, which have been phosphorylated by protein kinases. A large understanding of their working has been sourced from animal systems rather than the plant or the prokaryotic systems. The eukaryotic protein phosphatases include phosphoprotein phosphatases (PPP), metallo-dependent protein phosphatases (PPM), protein tyrosine (Tyr) phosphatases (PTP), and aspartate (Asp)-dependent phosphatases. The PPP and PPM families are serine(Ser)/threonine(Thr)-specific phosphatases (STPs), while PTP family is Tyr specific. Dual-specificity phosphatases (DsPTPs/DSPs) dephosphorylate Ser, Thr, and Tyr residues. PTPs lack sequence homology with STPs, indicating a difference in catalytic mechanisms, while the PPP and PPM families share a similar structural fold indicating a common catalytic mechanism. The catalytic cysteine (Cys) residue in the conserved HCX5 R active site motif of the PTPs acts as a nucleophile during hydrolysis. The PPP members require metal ions, which coordinate the phosphate group of the substrate, followed by a nucleophilic attack by a water molecule and hydrolysis. The variable holoenzyme assembly of protein phosphatase(s) and the overlap with other post-translational modifications like acetylation and ubiquitination add to their complexity. Though their functional characterization is extensively reported in plants, the mechanistic nature of their action is still being explored by researchers. In this review, we exclusively overview the plant protein phosphatases with an emphasis on their mechanistic action as well as structural characteristics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Malathi Bheri
- Department of Plant Molecular Biology, University of Delhi South Campus, New Delhi, India
| | - Swati Mahiwal
- Department of Plant Molecular Biology, University of Delhi South Campus, New Delhi, India
| | - Sibaji K Sanyal
- Department of Plant Molecular Biology, University of Delhi South Campus, New Delhi, India
| | - Girdhar K Pandey
- Department of Plant Molecular Biology, University of Delhi South Campus, New Delhi, India
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Yan J, Liu Y, Huang X, Li L, Hu Z, Zhang J, Qin Q, Yan L, He K, Wang Y, Hou S. An unreported NB-LRR protein SUT1 is required for the autoimmune response mediated by type one protein phosphatase 4 mutation (topp4-1) in Arabidopsis. THE PLANT JOURNAL : FOR CELL AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 2019; 100:357-373. [PMID: 31257685 DOI: 10.1111/tpj.14447] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2018] [Revised: 06/08/2019] [Accepted: 06/13/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Our previous study indicates that protein phosphatase 1 (PP1) is involved in plant immunity. To elucidate the underlying molecular mechanism, a genetic screening assay was carried out to identify suppressors of type one protein phosphatase 4 mutation (topp4-1) (sut). Molecular and genetic approaches were used to investigate the mechanism of activation of autoimmune response in topp4-1. We performed a map-based cloning assay to identify the SUT1 gene, which encodes a coiled-coil nucleotide-binding leucine-rich-repeat (NB-LRR) protein (CNL). SUT1 physically interacts with TYPE ONE PROTEIN PHOSPHATASE 4 (TOPP4) and topp4-1. The mutated topp4-1 protein activates the autoimmune response in the cytoplasm and promotes the accumulation of SUT1 at both the transcription and the protein levels. Furthermore, our genetic and physical interactions confirm that the topp4-1-induced autoimmune responses are probably mediated by HEAT SHOCK PROTEIN 90 (HSP90) and REQUIRED FOR MLA12 RESISTANCE 1 (RAR1). This study reveals that TOPP4 phosphatase is likely guarded by SUT1 in plant immunity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jia Yan
- MOE Key Laboratory of Cell Activities and Stress Adaptations, School of Life Sciences, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, 730000, China
| | - Yaqiong Liu
- MOE Key Laboratory of Cell Activities and Stress Adaptations, School of Life Sciences, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, 730000, China
| | - Xiahe Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Developmental Biology, Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100101, China
| | - Lang Li
- MOE Key Laboratory of Cell Activities and Stress Adaptations, School of Life Sciences, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, 730000, China
| | - Zhihong Hu
- MOE Key Laboratory of Cell Activities and Stress Adaptations, School of Life Sciences, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, 730000, China
| | - Jing Zhang
- MOE Key Laboratory of Cell Activities and Stress Adaptations, School of Life Sciences, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, 730000, China
| | - Qianqian Qin
- MOE Key Laboratory of Cell Activities and Stress Adaptations, School of Life Sciences, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, 730000, China
| | - Longfeng Yan
- MOE Key Laboratory of Cell Activities and Stress Adaptations, School of Life Sciences, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, 730000, China
| | - Kai He
- MOE Key Laboratory of Cell Activities and Stress Adaptations, School of Life Sciences, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, 730000, China
| | - Yingchun Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Developmental Biology, Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100101, China
| | - Suiwen Hou
- MOE Key Laboratory of Cell Activities and Stress Adaptations, School of Life Sciences, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, 730000, China
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