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Vodosin P, Jorgensen AK, Mendy M, Kozlakidis Z, Caboux E, Zawati MH. A Review of Regulatory Frameworks Governing Biobanking in the Low and Middle Income Member Countries of BCNet. Biopreserv Biobank 2021; 19:444-452. [PMID: 33945303 DOI: 10.1089/bio.2020.0101] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Biomedical research based on the sharing and use of ever larger volumes of samples and data is increasingly becoming an essential component of scientific discovery. The success of biobanking and genomic research is dependent on the broad sharing of resources for use by investigators. However, important ethical challenges need to be addressed for the sample and data sharing to be successful. Despite low- and middle-income countries (LMICs) carrying a higher burden of disease, biomedical research conducted to date has mainly focused on high-income countries. In order for LMICs to benefit from the advances in such research, normative documents (such as laws and guidelines) play a significant role in allowing LMIC projects to partake and be represented in global biomedical research. The administration and management of the ethical aspects of biobanking, including informed consent, are key components in ensuring that samples and data can legally and ethically be used and shared. As part of its support to the LMIC biobanks, the International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC) established a biobank and population cohort building network (BCNet) in 2013 with the aims of providing support (including education and training) and facilitating the development and improvement of biobanking infrastructure in LMICs. A comparative analysis of the laws and guidelines in BCNet countries was completed to highlight some of the ethical and legal issues related to biobanking in LMICs and to identify examples of effective systems of governance already in operation.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Maimuna Mendy
- MRC Unit The Gambia at LSHTM, London School of Health and Tropical Medicine, London, United Kingdom
| | - Zisis Kozlakidis
- International Agency for Research on Cancer, World Health Organization, Lyon, France
| | - Elodie Caboux
- International Agency for Research on Cancer, World Health Organization, Lyon, France
| | - Ma'n H Zawati
- Center of Genomics and Policy, McGill University, Montreal, Canada
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Fernandes MS, Silla L, Goldim JR, Martins-Costa J. Brazilian legal and bioethical approach about donation for research and patents of human body parts. J Community Genet 2017; 8:199-208. [PMID: 28555435 PMCID: PMC5496841 DOI: 10.1007/s12687-017-0303-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2015] [Accepted: 04/27/2017] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
Abstract
The aim of this paper is to explain why the Brazilian legal system does not accept commercialization or commodification of human body parts, including genes or cells. As a consequence, in Brazil, the donation of human body parts for research-including basic or translational-must be made altruistically. For the same reason, the Brazilian patent system cannot be applied to human parts, cells or genes. Here, we present a qualitative analysis of juridical, bioethical, and social reasoning related to the legal status of human body parts especially in biobanks, as well as a description of the Brazilian legal system for clarification. Our aim is to discuss the responsibility of researchers for making available the scientific information resulting from scientific research and biobank storage of human body parts and to ensure the free utilization of knowledge in human health research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Márcia Santana Fernandes
- Social and Legal Institute - Instituto de Estudos Culturalistas (IEC), Canela, Brazil
- Hospital de Clinicas de Porto Alegre (HCPA), Porto Alegre, Brazil
- Rio Grande’s Cell Therapy Center South - MCT / ICSD / FINEP - CNPq, The National Network of Cellular Therapy, Rio Grande, Brazil
- Laboratório de Pesquisa em Bioética e Ética na Ciência (LAPEBEC) at Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre (HCPA), Porto Alegre, Brazil
| | - Lúcia Silla
- Hospital de Clinicas de Porto Alegre (HCPA), Porto Alegre, Brazil
- Rio Grande’s Cell Therapy Center South - MCT / ICSD / FINEP - CNPq, The National Network of Cellular Therapy, Rio Grande, Brazil
- University of Federal do Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS), Porto Alegre, Brazil
- Health Sciences, UFRGS, Porto Alegre, Brazil
- Cell Culture Laboratory and Molecular Analysis of Hematopoietic Cells Research of HCPA Center, Porto Alegre, Brazil
- Sickle Cell Disease Reference Center of the Hospital de Clinicas de Porto Alegre, Porto Alegre, Brazil
- National Technical Chamber Cell Transplantation Hematopoietic Stem (HSCT) from the National Transplant System, Houston, USA
| | - José Roberto Goldim
- Laboratório de Pesquisa em Bioética e Ética na Ciência (LAPEBEC) at Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre (HCPA), Porto Alegre, Brazil
- Medical School of UFRGS, Porto Alegre, Brazil
- School of Medicine, UFRGS, Porto Alegre, Brazil
- Faculty of Medicine, Biomedical Gerontology / Pontifícia Universidade Católica do RGS (PUCRS), Porto Alegre, Brazil
| | - Judith Martins-Costa
- Social and Legal Institute - Instituto de Estudos Culturalistas (IEC), Canela, Brazil
- University of São Paulo (USP), São Paulo, Brazil
- Judith Martins-Costa Law Firm, Porto Alegre, Brazil
- CAM-CCBC (Centre of Arbitration and Mediation of the Chamber of Commerce Brazil-Canada), CMA-CIESP (Chamber of Counselling, Mediation and Arbitration Ciesp/Fiesp, São Paulo, Brazil
- ICC (International Chamber of Commerce), Paris, France
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