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The Aging Performance of PVDF in Acid Oil and Gas Medium. Polymers (Basel) 2022; 14:polym14194244. [PMID: 36236191 PMCID: PMC9572739 DOI: 10.3390/polym14194244] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2022] [Revised: 09/22/2022] [Accepted: 09/30/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
In the process of transporting oil and gas, the service performance of thermoplastic pipes will decline due to the multiple influences of medium, temperature, and pressure. In order to study the service performance changes of PVDF pipes under oil and gas transportation conditions, the high-temperature autoclave is used to simulate the service state of the pipe in the mediums. The PVDF samples are exposed to simulated oil and gas mediums for 1 week, 3 weeks, 5 weeks, and 7 weeks under 60 °C and 90 °C conditions. After the exposure test, the physical and chemical properties of the PVDF pipe are tested and compared with the initial samples. Compared with the initial sample, the sample quality after the exposure test has a slight increase, with growth rates of 2% and 3% at 60 °C and 90 °C, respectively. Meanwhile, the tensile strength of the samples is about 13% and 21% lower than that of the initial sample, respectively. According to the microscopic morphology analyses, there are some crack defects on the surface of the sample after the exposure test. Through infrared analysis, it is shown that no molecular chain breakage, crosslinking, or other reactions are found after the exposure test. The above analysis shows that the PVDF sample has slight penetration and swelling during the exposure test. However, due to the large force between the PVDF molecules, its mechanical properties have a small downward trend, showing excellent environmental stress crack resistance.
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Yarysheva AY, Bakirov AV, Yarysheva LM, Arzhakov MS, Arzhakova OV, Chvalun SN. Unique structure and new thermophysical properties of poly(ethylene oxide) in nanocomposites based on nanoporous polypropylene matrices. J Appl Polym Sci 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/app.52424] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Maxim S. Arzhakov
- Faculty of Chemistry Lomonosov Moscow State University Moscow Russia
| | - Olga V. Arzhakova
- Faculty of Chemistry Lomonosov Moscow State University Moscow Russia
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3
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Wong PY, Takeno A, Takahashi S, Phang SW, Baharum A. Crazing Effect on the Bio-Based Conducting Polymer Film. Polymers (Basel) 2021; 13:3425. [PMID: 34641240 PMCID: PMC8512443 DOI: 10.3390/polym13193425] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2021] [Revised: 09/05/2021] [Accepted: 09/07/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The biodegradability problem of polymer waste is one of the fatal pollutFions to the environment. Enzymes play an essential role in increasing the biodegradability of polymers. In a previous study, antistatic polymer film based on poly(lactic acid) (PLA) as a matrix and polyaniline (PAni) as a conductive filler, was prepared. To solve the problem of polymer wastes pollution, a crazing technique was applied to the prepared polymer film (PLA/PAni) to enhance the action of enzymes in the biodegradation of polymer. This research studied the biodegradation test based on crazed and non-crazed PLA/PAni films by enzymes. The presence of crazes in PLA/PAni film was evaluated using an optical microscope and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). The optical microscope displayed the crazed in the lamellae form, while the SEM image revealed microcracks in the fibrils form. Meanwhile, the tensile strength of the crazed PLA/PAni film was recorded as 19.25 MPa, which is almost comparable to the original PLA/PAni film with a tensile strength of 20.02 MPa. However, the Young modulus decreased progressively from 1113 MPa for PLA/PAni to 651 MPa for crazed PLA/PAni film, while the tensile strain increased 150% after crazing. The significant decrement in the Young modulus and increment in the tensile strain was due to the craze propagation. The entanglement was reduced and the chain mobility along the polymer chain increased, thus leading to lower resistance to deformation of the polymer chain and becoming more flexible. The presence of crazes in PLA/PAni film showed a substantial change in weight loss with increasing the time of degradation. The weight loss of crazed PLA/PAni film increased to 42%, higher than that of non-crazed PLA/PAni film with only 31%. The nucleation of crazes increases the fragmentation and depolymerization of PLA/PAni film that induced microbial attack and led to higher weight loss. In conclusion, the presence of crazes in PLA/PAni film significantly improved enzymes' action, speeding up the polymer film's biodegradability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pei-Yi Wong
- Department of Chemical Sciences, Faculty of Science and Technology, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Bangi 43600, Selangor, Malaysia;
| | - Akiyoshi Takeno
- Department of Chemistry and Biomolecular Science, Faculty of Engineering, Gifu University, Gifu 501-1193, Japan; (A.T.); (S.T.)
| | - Shinya Takahashi
- Department of Chemistry and Biomolecular Science, Faculty of Engineering, Gifu University, Gifu 501-1193, Japan; (A.T.); (S.T.)
| | - Sook-Wai Phang
- Department of Physical Science, Faculty of Applied Sciences, Tunku Abdul Rahman University College, Jalan Genting Kelang, Kuala Lumpur 53300, Malaysia
| | - Azizah Baharum
- Department of Chemical Sciences, Faculty of Science and Technology, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Bangi 43600, Selangor, Malaysia;
- Polymer Research Center, Faculty of Science and Technology, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Bangi 43600, Selangor, Malaysia
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Qi G, Yan H, Qi D, Li H, Kong L, Ding H. Investigations of polyethylene of raised temperature resistance service performance using autoclave test under sour medium conditions. E-POLYMERS 2021. [DOI: 10.1515/epoly-2021-0029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
The chapter deals with the performance evaluation of the polyethylene of raised temperature resistance (PE-RT) and polyethylene (PE) using autoclave test under sour oil and gas medium conditions. The analyses of performance changes showed that PE-RT has good media resistance at 60°C. As the temperature increases, its mechanical properties decrease, accompanied by an increase in weight. Comparative analyses showed that no matter what temperature conditions are, PE-RT media resistance is better than PE80. The better media resistance of PE-RT depends on its higher degree of branching. Short branches are distributed between the crystals to form a connection between the crystals, thereby improving its heat resistance and stress under high-temperature conditions. PE-RT forms an excellent three-dimensional network structure through copolymerization, ensuring that it has better media resistance than PE80. However, the mechanical performance will be attenuated due to the high service temperature.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guoquan Qi
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Northwestern Polytechnical University , Xi’an 710129 , China
- State Key Laboratory of Performance and Structural Safety for Petroleum Tubular Goods and Equipment Materials, CNPC Tubular Goods Research Institute , Xi’an 710077 , China
| | - Hongxia Yan
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Northwestern Polytechnical University , Xi’an 710129 , China
| | - Dongtao Qi
- State Key Laboratory of Performance and Structural Safety for Petroleum Tubular Goods and Equipment Materials, CNPC Tubular Goods Research Institute , Xi’an 710077 , China
| | - Houbu Li
- State Key Laboratory of Performance and Structural Safety for Petroleum Tubular Goods and Equipment Materials, CNPC Tubular Goods Research Institute , Xi’an 710077 , China
| | - Lushi Kong
- State Key Laboratory of Performance and Structural Safety for Petroleum Tubular Goods and Equipment Materials, CNPC Tubular Goods Research Institute , Xi’an 710077 , China
| | - Han Ding
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Northwestern Polytechnical University , Xi’an 710129 , China
- State Key Laboratory of Performance and Structural Safety for Petroleum Tubular Goods and Equipment Materials, CNPC Tubular Goods Research Institute , Xi’an 710077 , China
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5
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Mesoporous films based on isotactic polypropylene deformed via the mechanism of crazing. Russ Chem Bull 2021. [DOI: 10.1007/s11172-021-3057-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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6
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Arzhakova O, Kopnov AY, Nazarov A, Dolgova A, Volynskii A. “Green” environmental crazing of polymers in oil-in-water emulsions with high water content. POLYMER 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.polymer.2019.122020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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7
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Yarysheva AY, Bagrov DV, Kechek'yan PA, Rukhlya EG, Bakirov AV, Yarysheva LM, Chvalun SN, Volynskii AL. Which way do fibrils disappear? POLYMER 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.polymer.2019.02.066] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
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8
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Arzhakova O, Prishchepa D, Dolgova A, Volynskii A. The effect of preliminary orientation on environmental crazing of high-density polyethylene films. POLYMER 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.polymer.2019.03.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
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9
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Environmental crazing and properties of mesoporous and nanocomposite materials based on poly(tetrafluoroethylene) films. POLYMER 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.polymer.2018.12.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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10
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Effect of initial polypropylene structure on its deformation via crazing mechanism in a liquid medium. Eur Polym J 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.eurpolymj.2018.01.040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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11
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Dudnik AO, Trofimchuk ES, Efimov AV, Nikonorova NI, Rukhlya EG, Nikitin LN, Yaminsky IV, Volynskii AL. Evolution of the Nanoporous Structure of High-Density Polyethylene during Drawing in Supercritical Carbon Dioxide. Macromolecules 2018. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.macromol.7b02177] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Anna O. Dudnik
- Lomonosov Moscow
State University, GSP-1, Leninskie
Gory, Moscow 119991, Russia
| | - Elena S. Trofimchuk
- Lomonosov Moscow
State University, GSP-1, Leninskie
Gory, Moscow 119991, Russia
| | - Aleksandr V. Efimov
- Lomonosov Moscow
State University, GSP-1, Leninskie
Gory, Moscow 119991, Russia
| | - Nina I. Nikonorova
- Lomonosov Moscow
State University, GSP-1, Leninskie
Gory, Moscow 119991, Russia
| | | | - Lev N. Nikitin
- A.N.
Nesmeyanov Institute of Organoelement Compounds, Russian Academy of Sciences, 28, Vavilova str., Moscow 119991, Russia
| | - Igor V. Yaminsky
- Lomonosov Moscow
State University, GSP-1, Leninskie
Gory, Moscow 119991, Russia
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12
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Yarysheva AY, Tarasevich BN, Yarysheva LM, Volynskii AL. IR spectroscopic study of the structure of isotactic polypropylene deformed by the crazing mechanism. DOKLADY PHYSICAL CHEMISTRY 2017. [DOI: 10.1134/s0012501617020038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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13
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Yarysheva AY, Bagrov DV, Bakirov VAV, Tarasevich BN, Grohovskaya TE, Yarysheva LM, Chvalun SN, Volynskii AL. Polyethylene–Poly(ethylene oxide) Hybrid Films Obtained by Crazing and Their Structural Peculiarities. Macromolecules 2017. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.macromol.6b02512] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Alena Y. Yarysheva
- Faculty
of Chemistry, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Leninskie gory 1-3, Moscow 119991, Russia
| | - Dmitry V. Bagrov
- Faculty
of Biology, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Leninskie gory 1-12, Moscow 119991, Russia
| | - V. Artem V. Bakirov
- National Research Center Kurchatov Institute, Akademika Kurchatova, pl. 1, 123182, Moscow, Russia
- Institute of Synthetic Polymer Materials RAS, Profsoyuznaya st. 70, 117393, Moscow, Russia
| | - Boris N. Tarasevich
- Faculty
of Chemistry, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Leninskie gory 1-3, Moscow 119991, Russia
| | - Tatiana E. Grohovskaya
- Faculty
of Chemistry, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Leninskie gory 1-3, Moscow 119991, Russia
| | - Larisa M. Yarysheva
- Faculty
of Chemistry, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Leninskie gory 1-3, Moscow 119991, Russia
| | - Sergey N. Chvalun
- National Research Center Kurchatov Institute, Akademika Kurchatova, pl. 1, 123182, Moscow, Russia
- Institute of Synthetic Polymer Materials RAS, Profsoyuznaya st. 70, 117393, Moscow, Russia
| | - Aleksandr L. Volynskii
- Faculty
of Chemistry, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Leninskie gory 1-3, Moscow 119991, Russia
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Clough JM, van der Gucht J, Sijbesma RP. Mechanoluminescent Imaging of Osmotic Stress-Induced Damage in a Glassy Polymer Network. Macromolecules 2017; 50:2043-2053. [PMID: 28316344 PMCID: PMC5352978 DOI: 10.1021/acs.macromol.6b02540] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2016] [Revised: 02/13/2017] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
Abstract
A chemiluminescent mechanophore, bis(adamantyl-1,2-dioxetane), is used to investigate the covalent bond scission resulting from the sorption of chloroform by glassy poly(methyl methacrylate) (PMMA) networks. Bis(adamantyl)-1,2-dioxetane units incorporated as cross-linkers underwent mechanoluminescent scission, demonstrating that solvent ingress caused covalent bond scission. At higher cross-linking densities, the light emission took the form of hundreds of discrete bursts, widely varying in intensity, with each burst composed of 107-109 photons. Camera imaging indicated a relatively slow propagation of bursts through the material and permitted analysis of the spatial correlation between the discrete bond-breaking events. The implications of these observations for the mechanism of sorption and fracture are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jess M. Clough
- Laboratory
of Macromolecular and Organic Chemistry and the Institute for Complex
Molecular Systems, Eindhoven University
of Technology, P.O. Box 513, 5600 MB, Eindhoven, The Netherlands
| | - Jasper van der Gucht
- Laboratory
of Physical Chemistry and Soft Matter, Agrotechnology and Food Sciences
Group, Wageningen University, PO Box 8038, 6700 EK Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | - Rint P. Sijbesma
- Laboratory
of Macromolecular and Organic Chemistry and the Institute for Complex
Molecular Systems, Eindhoven University
of Technology, P.O. Box 513, 5600 MB, Eindhoven, The Netherlands
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15
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16
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Santoro G, Ochando IM, Ellis G. Advanced Vibrational Microspectroscopic Study of Conformational Changes within a Craze in Poly(ethylene terephthalate). Macromolecules 2015. [DOI: 10.1021/ma502193t] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Gonzalo Santoro
- Instituto de Ciencia y Tecnología
de Polímeros, CSIC, c/Juan de
la Cierva 3, E-28006 Madrid, Spain
| | - Isabel M. Ochando
- Instituto de Ciencia y Tecnología
de Polímeros, CSIC, c/Juan de
la Cierva 3, E-28006 Madrid, Spain
| | - Gary Ellis
- Instituto de Ciencia y Tecnología
de Polímeros, CSIC, c/Juan de
la Cierva 3, E-28006 Madrid, Spain
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17
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Trofimchuk ES, Polyanskaya VV, Moskvina MA, Grokhovskaya TE, Nikonorova NI, Strembitskaya AL, Volynskii AL, Bakeev NF. Effect of titanium dioxide and silicon dioxide on the thermal stability of isotactic polypropylene deformed via solvent-crazing mechanism. POLYMER SCIENCE SERIES A 2015. [DOI: 10.1134/s0965545x15010113] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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18
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Kim DJ, Jo MJ, Nam SY. A review of polymer–nanocomposite electrolyte membranes for fuel cell application. J IND ENG CHEM 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jiec.2014.04.030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 333] [Impact Index Per Article: 37.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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