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Garella R, Cassioli E, Chellini F, Tani A, Rossi E, Idrizaj E, Guasti D, Comeglio P, Palmieri F, Parigi M, Vignozzi L, Baccari MC, Ricca V, Sassoli C, Castellini G, Squecco R. Defining the Molecular Mechanisms of the Relaxant Action of Adiponectin on Murine Gastric Fundus Smooth Muscle: Potential Translational Perspectives on Eating Disorder Management. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24021082. [PMID: 36674598 PMCID: PMC9867455 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24021082] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2022] [Revised: 12/22/2022] [Accepted: 12/29/2022] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Adiponectin (ADPN), a hormone produced by adipose tissue, facilitates gastric relaxation and can be a satiety signal in the network connecting peripheral organs and the central nervous system for feeding behavior control. Here, we performed preclinical research by morpho-functional analyses on murine gastric fundus smooth muscle to add insights into the molecular mechanisms underpinning ADPN action. Moreover, we conducted a clinical study to evaluate the potential use of ADPN as a biomarker for eating disorders (ED) based on the demonstrated gastric alterations and hormone level fluctuations that are often associated with ED. The clinical study recruited patients with ED and healthy controls who underwent blood draws for ADPN dosage and psychopathology evaluation tests. The findings of this basic research support the ADPN relaxant action, as indicated by the smooth muscle cell membrane pro-relaxant effects, with mild modifications of contractile apparatus and slight inhibitory effects on gap junctions. All of these actions engaged the ADPN/nitric oxide/guanylate cyclase pathway. The clinical data failed to unravel a correlation between ADPN levels and the considered ED, thus negating the potential use of ADPN as a valid biomarker for ED management for the moment. Nevertheless, this adipokine can modulate physiological eating behavior, and its effects deserve further investigation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rachele Garella
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, Section of Physiological Sciences, University of Florence, 50134 Florence, Italy
| | - Emanuele Cassioli
- Department of Health Sciences, Psychiatry Unit, University of Florence, 50134 Firenze, Italy
| | - Flaminia Chellini
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, Section of Anatomy and Histology, Imaging Platform, University of Florence, 50134 Florence, Italy
| | - Alessia Tani
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, Section of Anatomy and Histology, Imaging Platform, University of Florence, 50134 Florence, Italy
| | - Eleonora Rossi
- Department of Health Sciences, Psychiatry Unit, University of Florence, 50134 Firenze, Italy
| | - Eglantina Idrizaj
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, Section of Physiological Sciences, University of Florence, 50134 Florence, Italy
| | - Daniele Guasti
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, Section of Anatomy and Histology, Imaging Platform, University of Florence, 50134 Florence, Italy
| | - Paolo Comeglio
- Department of Experimental Clinical and Biomedical Sciences “Mario Serio”, University of Florence, Viale Pieraccini, 6, 50139 Florence, Italy
| | - Francesco Palmieri
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, Section of Physiological Sciences, University of Florence, 50134 Florence, Italy
| | - Martina Parigi
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, Section of Anatomy and Histology, Imaging Platform, University of Florence, 50134 Florence, Italy
| | - Linda Vignozzi
- Department of Experimental Clinical and Biomedical Sciences “Mario Serio”, University of Florence, Viale Pieraccini, 6, 50139 Florence, Italy
| | - Maria Caterina Baccari
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, Section of Physiological Sciences, University of Florence, 50134 Florence, Italy
| | - Valdo Ricca
- Department of Health Sciences, Psychiatry Unit, University of Florence, 50134 Firenze, Italy
| | - Chiara Sassoli
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, Section of Anatomy and Histology, Imaging Platform, University of Florence, 50134 Florence, Italy
| | - Giovanni Castellini
- Department of Health Sciences, Psychiatry Unit, University of Florence, 50134 Firenze, Italy
| | - Roberta Squecco
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, Section of Physiological Sciences, University of Florence, 50134 Florence, Italy
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +39-055-2751632
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Oleoylethanolamide Reduces Hepatic Oxidative Stress and Endoplasmic Reticulum Stress in High-Fat Diet-Fed Rats. Antioxidants (Basel) 2021; 10:antiox10081289. [PMID: 34439537 PMCID: PMC8389293 DOI: 10.3390/antiox10081289] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2021] [Revised: 08/03/2021] [Accepted: 08/11/2021] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Long-term high-fat diet (HFD) consumption can cause weight gain and obesity, two conditions often associated with hepatic non-alcoholic fatty liver and oxidative stress. Oleoylethanolamide (OEA), a lipid compound produced by the intestine from oleic acid, has been associated with different beneficial effects in diet-induced obesity and hepatic steatosis. However, the role of OEA on hepatic oxidative stress has not been fully elucidated. In this study, we used a model of diet-induced obesity to study the possible antioxidant effect of OEA in the liver. In this model rats with free access to an HFD for 77 days developed obesity, steatosis, and hepatic oxidative stress, as compared to rats consuming a low-fat diet for the same period. Several parameters associated with oxidative stress were then measured after two weeks of OEA administration to diet-induced obese rats. We showed that OEA reduced, compared to HFD-fed rats, obesity, steatosis, and the plasma level of triacylglycerols and transaminases. Moreover, OEA decreased the amount of malondialdehyde and carbonylated proteins and restored the activity of antioxidant enzymes superoxide dismutase, catalase, and glutathione peroxidase, which decreased in the liver of HFD-fed rats. OEA had also an improving effect on parameters linked to endoplasmic reticulum stress, thus demonstrating a role in the homeostatic control of protein folding. Finally, we reported that OEA differently regulated the expression of two transcription factors involved in the control of lipid metabolism and antioxidant genes, namely nuclear factor erythroid-derived 2-related factor 1 (Nrf1) and Nrf2, thus suggesting, for the first time, new targets of the protective effect of OEA in the liver.
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Romano A, Friuli M, Del Coco L, Longo S, Vergara D, Del Boccio P, Valentinuzzi S, Cicalini I, Fanizzi FP, Gaetani S, Giudetti AM. Chronic Oleoylethanolamide Treatment Decreases Hepatic Triacylglycerol Level in Rat Liver by a PPARγ/SREBP-Mediated Suppression of Fatty Acid and Triacylglycerol Synthesis. Nutrients 2021; 13:394. [PMID: 33513874 PMCID: PMC7910994 DOI: 10.3390/nu13020394] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2020] [Revised: 01/18/2021] [Accepted: 01/23/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Oleoylethanolamide (OEA) is a naturally occurring bioactive lipid belonging to the family of N-acylethanolamides. A variety of beneficial effects have been attributed to OEA, although the greater interest is due to its potential role in the treatment of obesity, fatty liver, and eating-related disorders. To better clarify the mechanism of the antiadipogenic effect of OEA in the liver, using a lipidomic study performed by 1H-NMR, LC-MS/MS and thin-layer chromatography analyses we evaluated the whole lipid composition of rat liver, following a two-week daily treatment of OEA (10 mg kg-1 i.p.). We found that OEA induced a significant reduction in hepatic triacylglycerol (TAG) content and significant changes in sphingolipid composition and ceramidase activity. We associated the antiadipogenic effect of OEA to decreased activity and expression of key enzymes involved in fatty acid and TAG syntheses, such as acetyl-CoA carboxylase, fatty acid synthase, diacylglycerol acyltransferase, and stearoyl-CoA desaturase 1. Moreover, we found that both SREBP-1 and PPARγ protein expression were significantly reduced in the liver of OEA-treated rats. Our findings add significant and important insights into the molecular mechanism of OEA on hepatic adipogenesis, and suggest a possible link between the OEA-induced changes in sphingolipid metabolism and suppression of hepatic TAG level.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adele Romano
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology “V. Erspamer”, Sapienza University of Rome, P.le Aldo Moro 5, 00185 Rome, Italy; (A.R.); (M.F.); (S.G.)
| | - Marzia Friuli
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology “V. Erspamer”, Sapienza University of Rome, P.le Aldo Moro 5, 00185 Rome, Italy; (A.R.); (M.F.); (S.G.)
| | - Laura Del Coco
- Department of Biological and Environmental Sciences and Technologies, University of Salento, Via Prov.le Lecce-Monteroni, 73100 Lecce, Italy; (L.D.C.); (S.L.); (D.V.)
| | - Serena Longo
- Department of Biological and Environmental Sciences and Technologies, University of Salento, Via Prov.le Lecce-Monteroni, 73100 Lecce, Italy; (L.D.C.); (S.L.); (D.V.)
| | - Daniele Vergara
- Department of Biological and Environmental Sciences and Technologies, University of Salento, Via Prov.le Lecce-Monteroni, 73100 Lecce, Italy; (L.D.C.); (S.L.); (D.V.)
| | - Piero Del Boccio
- Department of Pharmacy, University “G. d’Annunzio” of Chieti-Pescara, 66100 Chieti, Italy; (P.D.B.); (S.V.)
- Center for Advanced Studies and Technology (CAST), University “G. d’Annunzio” of Chieti-Pescara, 66100 Chieti, Italy;
| | - Silvia Valentinuzzi
- Department of Pharmacy, University “G. d’Annunzio” of Chieti-Pescara, 66100 Chieti, Italy; (P.D.B.); (S.V.)
- Center for Advanced Studies and Technology (CAST), University “G. d’Annunzio” of Chieti-Pescara, 66100 Chieti, Italy;
| | - Ilaria Cicalini
- Center for Advanced Studies and Technology (CAST), University “G. d’Annunzio” of Chieti-Pescara, 66100 Chieti, Italy;
- Department of Medicine and Aging Science, University “G. d’Annunzio” of Chieti-Pescara, 66100 Chieti, Italy
| | - Francesco P. Fanizzi
- Department of Biological and Environmental Sciences and Technologies, University of Salento, Via Prov.le Lecce-Monteroni, 73100 Lecce, Italy; (L.D.C.); (S.L.); (D.V.)
| | - Silvana Gaetani
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology “V. Erspamer”, Sapienza University of Rome, P.le Aldo Moro 5, 00185 Rome, Italy; (A.R.); (M.F.); (S.G.)
| | - Anna M. Giudetti
- Department of Biological and Environmental Sciences and Technologies, University of Salento, Via Prov.le Lecce-Monteroni, 73100 Lecce, Italy; (L.D.C.); (S.L.); (D.V.)
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Oleoylethanolamide decreases frustration stress-induced binge-like eating in female rats: a novel potential treatment for binge eating disorder. Neuropsychopharmacology 2020; 45:1931-1941. [PMID: 32353860 PMCID: PMC7609309 DOI: 10.1038/s41386-020-0686-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2020] [Revised: 04/04/2020] [Accepted: 04/17/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Binge eating disorder (BED) is the most frequent eating disorder, for which current pharmacotherapies show poor response rates and safety concerns, thus highlighting the need for novel treatment options. The lipid-derived messenger oleoylethanolamide (OEA) acts as a satiety signal inhibiting food intake through the involvement of central noradrenergic and oxytocinergic neurons. We investigated the anti-binge effects of OEA in a rat model of binge-like eating, in which, after cycles of intermittent food restrictions/refeeding and palatable food consumptions, female rats show a binge-like intake of palatable food, following a 15-min exposure to their sight and smell ("frustration stress"). Systemically administered OEA dose-dependently (2.5, 5, and 10 mg kg-1) prevented binge-like eating. This behavioral effect was associated with a decreased activation (measured by mapping the expression of c-fos, an early gene widely used as a marker of cellular activation) of brain areas responding to stress (such as the nucleus accumbens and amygdala) and to a stimulation of areas involved in the control of food intake, such as the VTA and the PVN. These effects were paralleled, also, to the modulation of monoamine transmission in key brain areas involved in both homeostatic and hedonic control of eating. In particular, a decreased dopaminergic response to stress was observed by measuring dopamine extracellular concentrations in microdialysates from the nucleus accumbens shell, whereas an increased serotonergic and noradrenergic tone was detected in tissue homogenates of selected brain areas. Finally, a decrease in corticotropin-releasing factor (CRF) mRNA levels was induced by OEA in the central amygdala, while an increase in oxytocin mRNA levels was induced in the PVN. The restoration of a normal oxytocin receptor density in the striatum paralleled the oxytocinergic stimulation produced by OEA. In conclusion, we provide evidence suggesting that OEA might represent a novel potential pharmacological target for the treatment of binge-like eating behavior.
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Le Dréan G, Pocheron AL, Billard H, Grit I, Pagniez A, Parnet P, Chappuis E, Rolli-Derkinderen M, Michel C. Neonatal Consumption of Oligosaccharides Greatly Increases L-Cell Density without Significant Consequence for Adult Eating Behavior. Nutrients 2019; 11:nu11091967. [PMID: 31438620 PMCID: PMC6769936 DOI: 10.3390/nu11091967] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2019] [Revised: 08/13/2019] [Accepted: 08/14/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Oligosaccharides (OS) are commonly added to infant formulas, however, their physiological impact, particularly on adult health programming, is poorly described. In adult animals, OS modify microbiota and stimulate colonic fermentation and enteroendocrine cell (EEC) activity. Since neonatal changes in microbiota and/or EEC density could be long-lasting and EEC-derived peptides do regulate short-term food intake, we hypothesized that neonatal OS consumption could modulate early EECs, with possible consequences for adult eating behavior. Suckling rats were supplemented with fructo-oligosaccharides (FOS), beta-galacto-oligosaccharides/inulin (GOS/In) mix, alpha-galacto-oligosaccharides (αGOS) at 3.2 g/kg, or a control solution (CTL) between postnatal day (PND) 5 and 14/15. Pups were either sacrificed at PND14/15 or weaned at PND21 onto standard chow. The effects on both microbiota and EEC were characterized at PND14/15, and eating behavior at adulthood. Very early OS supplementation drastically impacted the intestinal environment, endocrine lineage proliferation/differentiation particularly in the ileum, and the density of GLP-1 cells and production of satiety-related peptides (GLP-1 and PYY) in the neonatal period. However, it failed to induce any significant lasting changes on intestinal microbiota, enteropeptide secretion or eating behavior later in life. Overall, the results did not demonstrate any OS programming effect on satiety peptides secreted by L-cells or on food consumption, an observation which is a reassuring outlook from a human perspective.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gwenola Le Dréan
- Nantes Université, INRA, UMR1280, PhAN, F-44000 Nantes, France.
- IMAD, F-44000 Nantes, France.
- CRNH-Ouest, F-44000 Nantes, France.
| | - Anne-Lise Pocheron
- Nantes Université, INRA, UMR1280, PhAN, F-44000 Nantes, France
- IMAD, F-44000 Nantes, France
- CRNH-Ouest, F-44000 Nantes, France
| | - Hélène Billard
- Nantes Université, INRA, UMR1280, PhAN, F-44000 Nantes, France
- IMAD, F-44000 Nantes, France
- CRNH-Ouest, F-44000 Nantes, France
| | - Isabelle Grit
- Nantes Université, INRA, UMR1280, PhAN, F-44000 Nantes, France
- IMAD, F-44000 Nantes, France
- CRNH-Ouest, F-44000 Nantes, France
| | - Anthony Pagniez
- Nantes Université, INRA, UMR1280, PhAN, F-44000 Nantes, France
- IMAD, F-44000 Nantes, France
- CRNH-Ouest, F-44000 Nantes, France
| | - Patricia Parnet
- Nantes Université, INRA, UMR1280, PhAN, F-44000 Nantes, France
- IMAD, F-44000 Nantes, France
- CRNH-Ouest, F-44000 Nantes, France
| | - Eric Chappuis
- Olygose, parc Technologique des Rives de l'Oise, F 60280 Venette, France
| | - Malvyne Rolli-Derkinderen
- IMAD, F-44000 Nantes, France
- CRNH-Ouest, F-44000 Nantes, France
- Nantes Université, INSERM, UMR 1235, TENS, F-44000 Nantes, France
| | - Catherine Michel
- Nantes Université, INRA, UMR1280, PhAN, F-44000 Nantes, France
- IMAD, F-44000 Nantes, France
- CRNH-Ouest, F-44000 Nantes, France
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Testino G, Bottaro LC, Patussi V, Scafato E, Addolorato G, Leone S, Renzetti D, Balbinot P, Greco G, Fanucchi T, Schiappacasse G, Cardinale P, Allosio P, Pellicano R, Caputo F. Addiction disorders: a need for change. Proposal for a new management. Position paper of SIA, Italian Society on Alcohol. Minerva Med 2018; 109. [DOI: 10.23736/s0026-4806.18.05741-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/30/2023]
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Rybnikova E. Brain, antibiotics, and microbiota - how do they interplay?: An Editorial for 'Antibiotics-induced modulation of large intestinal microbiota altered aromatic amino acid profile and expression of neurotransmitters in the hypothalamus of piglets' on page 219. J Neurochem 2018; 146:208-210. [PMID: 29953619 DOI: 10.1111/jnc.14341] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2018] [Accepted: 03/20/2018] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
The microbiome and its cross-talk with the brain have drawn increasing attention lately, since imbalances in the gut microbiota's composition may result in pathogenic dysfunctions affecting brain functioning up to development of neurodegenerative and mental diseases. The current Editorial discusses a study by Gao and coworkers in the current issue of the Journal of Neurochemistry in which the authors use a model of antibiotic-induced dysbiosis - targeted infusion of antibiotics into the gut - to assess if microbiotic metabolites exert effects on local neurotransmitter expression or contribute to the gut-brain axis. The authors mechanistically link distal ileal infusion of antibiotics with a change in the levels of microbial metabolites that affect the expression of neurotransmitters in the brain and thereby can participate in the fine-tuning of the hypothalamic functions, including regulation of visceral and neuroendocrine processes, stress responses, mood and anxiety. Their study thus represents an important step towards our understanding of the brain-gut axis, with the potential to advance therapeutics.
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Jarmolowicz DP, Hudnall JL, Hale L, Fowler SC, Bortolato M, Lemley SM, Sofis MJ. Delay discounting as impaired valuation: Delayed rewards in an animal obesity model. J Exp Anal Behav 2018; 108:171-183. [PMID: 28940395 DOI: 10.1002/jeab.275] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2016] [Accepted: 07/26/2017] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Obesity is a major public health problem, which, like many forms of addiction, is associated with an elevated tendency to choose smaller immediate rather than larger delayed rewards, a response pattern often referred to as excessive delay discounting. Although some accounts of delay discounting conceptualize this process as impulsivity (placing the emphasis on overvaluing the smaller immediate reward), others have conceptualized delay discounting as an executive function (placing the emphasis on delayed rewards failing to retain their value). The present experiments used a popular animal model of obesity that has been shown to discount delayed rewards at elevated rates (i.e., obese Zucker rats) to test two predictions that conceptualize delay discounting as executive function. In the first experiment, acquisition of lever pressing with delayed rewards was compared in obese versus lean Zucker rats. Contrary to predictions based on delay discounting as executive function, obese Zucker rats learned to press the lever more quickly than controls. In the second experiment, progressive ratio breakpoints (a measure of reward efficacy) with delayed rewards were compared in obese versus lean Zucker rats. Contrary to the notion that obese rats fail to value delayed rewards, the obese Zucker rats' breakpoints were (at least) as high as those of the lean Zucker rats.
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Polivka J, Altun I, Golubnitschaja O. Pregnancy-associated breast cancer: the risky status quo and new concepts of predictive medicine. EPMA J 2018. [PMID: 29515683 DOI: 10.1007/s13167-018-0129-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
The paper is motivated by severe concerns regarding currently applied care of the pregnancy-associated breast cancer (PABC) characterised by particularly poor outcomes of the disease. Psychological and ethical aspects play a crucial role in PABC: the highest priority not to damage the foetus significantly complicates any treatment generally, and it is quite usual that patients disclaim undergoing any breast cancer treatment during pregnancy. Although, due to global demographic trends, PABC is far from appearing rarely now, severe societal and economic consequences of the disease are still neglected by currently applied reactive medical approach. These actualities require creating new strategies which should be better adapted to the needs of the society at large by advancing the PABC care based on predictive diagnostic approaches specifically in premenopausal women, innovative screening programmes focused on young female populations, targeted prevention in high-risk groups, and optimised treatment concepts. The article summarises the facts and provides recommendations to advance the field-related research and medical services specifically dedicated to the PABC care.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiri Polivka
- 1Department of Histology and Embryology, Faculty of Medicine in Plzen, Charles University, Plzen, Czech Republic
- 2Biomedical Centre, Faculty of Medicine in Plzen, Charles University, Plzen, Czech Republic
| | - Irem Altun
- 3CEMBIO, Rheinische Friedrich-Wilhelms-Universität Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - Olga Golubnitschaja
- 4Radiological Clinic, Rheinische Friedrich-Wilhelms-Universität Bonn, Sigmund-Freud-Str 25, 53105 Bonn, Germany
- 5Breast Cancer Research Centre, Rheinische Friedrich-Wilhelms-Universität Bonn, Bonn, Germany
- 6Centre for Integrated Oncology, Cologne-Bonn, Rheinische Friedrich-Wilhelms-Universität Bonn, Bonn, Germany
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Lai CW, Jiang HJ, Hsiao PJ. Manifestation of hyperaldosteronism related hypokalemia in a case of anorexia nervosa. Kaohsiung J Med Sci 2017; 33:533-534. [PMID: 28962826 DOI: 10.1016/j.kjms.2017.06.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2017] [Revised: 05/21/2017] [Accepted: 06/06/2017] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Chia-Wei Lai
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Internal Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - He-Jiun Jiang
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Internal Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Pi-Jung Hsiao
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Internal Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung, Taiwan; School of Medicine, College of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan.
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Cuesto G, Everaerts C, León LG, Acebes A. Molecular bases of anorexia nervosa, bulimia nervosa and binge eating disorder: shedding light on the darkness. J Neurogenet 2017; 31:266-287. [PMID: 28762842 DOI: 10.1080/01677063.2017.1353092] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Eating-disorders (EDs) consequences to human health are devastating, involving social, mental, emotional, physical and life-threatening aspects, concluding on impairment and death in cases of extreme anorexia nervosa. It also implies that people suffering an ED need to find psychiatric and psychological help as soon as possible to achieve a fully physical and emotional recovery. Unfortunately, to date, there is a crucial lack of efficient clinical treatment to these disorders. In this review, we present an overview concerning the actual pharmacological and psychological treatments, the knowledge of cells, circuits, neuropeptides, neuromodulators and hormones in the human brain- and other organs- underlying these disorders, the studies in animal models and, finally, the genetic approaches devoted to face this challenge. We will also discuss the need for new perspectives, avenues and strategies to be developed in order to pave the way to novel and more efficient therapeutics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Germán Cuesto
- a Centre for Biomedical Research of the Canary Islands , Institute of Biomedical Technologies, University of La Laguna , Tenerife , Spain
| | - Claude Everaerts
- b Centre des Sciences du Goût et de l'Alimentation , UMR 6265 CNRS, UMR 1324 INRA, Université de Bourgogne Franche-Comté , Dijon , France
| | - Leticia G León
- c Cancer Pharmacology Lab , AIRC Start Up Unit, University of Pisa , Pisa , Italy
| | - Angel Acebes
- a Centre for Biomedical Research of the Canary Islands , Institute of Biomedical Technologies, University of La Laguna , Tenerife , Spain
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Role of the area postrema in the hypophagic effects of oleoylethanolamide. Pharmacol Res 2017; 122:20-34. [PMID: 28535974 DOI: 10.1016/j.phrs.2017.05.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2016] [Revised: 04/10/2017] [Accepted: 05/16/2017] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
The satiety-promoting action of oleoylethanolamide (OEA) has been associated to the indirect activation of selected brain areas, such as the nucleus of the solitary tract (NST) in the brainstem and the tuberomammillary (TMN) and paraventricular (PVN) nuclei in the hypothalamus, where noradrenergic, histaminergic and oxytocinergic neurons play a necessary role. Visceral ascending fibers were hypothesized to mediate such effects. However, our previous findings demonstrated that the hypophagic action of peripherally administered OEA does not require intact vagal afferents and is associated to a strong activation of the area postrema (AP). Therefore, we hypothesized that OEA may exert its central effects through the direct activation of this circumventricular organ. To test this hypothesis, we subjected rats to the surgical ablation of the AP (APX rats) and evaluated the effects of OEA (10mgkg-1 i.p.) on food intake, Fos expression, hypothalamic oxytocin (OXY) immunoreactivity and on the expression of dopamine beta hydroxylase (DBH) in the brainstem and hypothalamus. We found that the AP lesion completely prevented OEA's behavioral and neurochemical effects in the brainstem and the hypothalamus. Moreover OEA increased DBH expression in AP and NST neurons of SHAM rats while the effect in the NST was absent in APX rats, thus suggesting the possible involvement of noradrenergic AP neurons. These results support the hypothesis of a necessary role of the AP in mediating OEA's central effects that sustain its pro-satiety action.
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Papacostas-Quintanilla H, Ortiz-Ortega VM, López-Rubalcava C. Wistar-Kyoto Female Rats Are More Susceptible to Develop Sugar Binging: A Comparison with Wistar Rats. Front Nutr 2017; 4:15. [PMID: 28536692 PMCID: PMC5422445 DOI: 10.3389/fnut.2017.00015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2017] [Accepted: 04/18/2017] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
The hedonic component of the feeding behavior involves the mesolimbic reward system and resembles addictions. Nowadays, the excessive consumption of sucrose is considered addictive. The Wistar-Kyoto (WKY) rat strain is prone to develop anxiety and addiction-like behavior; nevertheless, a lack of information regarding their vulnerability to develop sugar binging-like behavior (SBLB) and how it affects the reward system persist. Therefore, the first aim of the present study was to compare the different predisposition of two rat strains, Wistar (W) and WKY to develop the SBLB in female and male rats. Also, we studied if the SBLB-inducing protocol produces changes in anxiety-like behavior using the plus-maze test (PMT) and, analyzed serotonin (5-HT) and noradrenaline (NA) concentrations in brain areas related to anxiety and ingestive behavior (brain stem, hypothalamus, nucleus accumbens, and amygdala). Finally, we evaluated whether fluoxetine, a drug that has been effective in reducing the binge-eating frequency, body weight, and severity of binge eating disorder, could also block this behavior. Briefly, WKY and W female rats were exposed to 30% sucrose solution (2 h, 3 days/week for 4 weeks), and fed up ad libitum. PMT was performed between the last two test periods. Immediately after the last test where sucrose access was available, rats were decapitated and brain areas extracted for high-performance liquid chromatography analysis. The results showed that both W and WKY female and male rats developed the SBLB. WKY rats consumed more calories and ingested a bigger amount of sucrose solution than their W counterpart. This behavior was reversed by using fluoxetine, rats exposed to the SBLB-inducing protocol presented a rebound effect during the washout period. On female rats, the SBLB-inducing protocol induced changes in NA concentrations on WKY, but not on W rats. No changes were found in 5-HT levels. Finally, animals that developed SBLB showed increased anxiety-like behavior in the PMT. In conclusion, WKY female rats can be considered as a more susceptible rat strain to develop SBLB.
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Affiliation(s)
- Helena Papacostas-Quintanilla
- Laboratorio de Psicofarmacología y Trastornos de la Alimentación, Departamento de Farmacobiología, CINVESTAV, Ciudad de México, Mexico
| | - Víctor Manuel Ortiz-Ortega
- Departamento de Fisiología de la Nutrición, Instituto Nacional de Ciencias Médicas y Nutrición Salvador Zubirán, Ciudad de México, Mexico
| | - Carolina López-Rubalcava
- Laboratorio de Psicofarmacología y Trastornos de la Alimentación, Departamento de Farmacobiología, CINVESTAV, Ciudad de México, Mexico
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