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Viola JM, Liu J, Huang A, Grindel SH, Prahl LS, Hughes AJ. Rho/ROCK activity tunes cell compartment segregation and differentiation in nephron-forming niches. bioRxiv 2023:2023.11.08.566308. [PMID: 37986773 PMCID: PMC10659296 DOI: 10.1101/2023.11.08.566308] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2023]
Abstract
Controlling the time and place of nephron formation in vitro would improve nephron density and connectivity in next-generation kidney replacement tissues. Recent developments in kidney organoid technology have paved the way to achieving self-sustaining nephrogenic niches in vitro. The physical and geometric structure of the niche are key control parameters in tissue engineering approaches. However, their relationship to nephron differentiation is unclear. Here we investigate the relationship between niche geometry, cell compartment mixing, and nephron differentiation by targeting the Rho/ROCK pathway, a master regulator of the actin cytoskeleton. We find that the ROCK inhibitor Y-27632 increases mixing between nephron progenitor and stromal compartments in native mouse embryonic kidney niches, and also increases nephrogenesis. Similar increases are also seen in reductionist mouse primary cell and human induced pluripotent stem cell (iPSC)-derived organoids perturbed by Y-27632, dependent on the presence of stromal cells. Our data indicate that niche organization is a determinant of nephron formation rate, bringing renewed focus to the spatial context of cell-cell interactions in kidney tissue engineering efforts.
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Affiliation(s)
- John M. Viola
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, 19104, PA, USA
- Bioengineering Graduate Group, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, 19104, PA, USA
| | - Jiageng Liu
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, 19104, PA, USA
- Bioengineering Graduate Group, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, 19104, PA, USA
| | - Aria Huang
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, 19104, PA, USA
- Bioengineering Graduate Group, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, 19104, PA, USA
| | - Samuel H. Grindel
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, 19104, PA, USA
- Bioengineering Graduate Group, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, 19104, PA, USA
| | - Louis S. Prahl
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, 19104, PA, USA
| | - Alex J. Hughes
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, 19104, PA, USA
- Bioengineering Graduate Group, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, 19104, PA, USA
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, 19104, PA, USA
- Cell and Molecular Biology Graduate Group, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, 19104, PA, USA
- Center for Soft and Living Matter, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, 19104, PA, USA
- Institute for Regenerative Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, 19104, PA, USA
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2
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Kitazawa H, Fujii S, Ishiyama H, Matsubayashi J, Ishikawa A, Yamada S, Takakuwa T. Nascent nephrons during human embryonic development: Spatial distribution and relationship with urinary collecting system. J Anat 2021; 238:455-466. [PMID: 32888205 PMCID: PMC7812128 DOI: 10.1111/joa.13308] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2020] [Revised: 07/24/2020] [Accepted: 08/14/2020] [Indexed: 02/03/2023] Open
Abstract
The two major components of the metanephros, the urinary collecting system (UCS) and nephron, have different developmental courses. Nephron numbers vary widely between species and individuals and are determined during fetal development. Furthermore, the development of nascent nephrons may contribute to the expansion of the proximal part of the UCS. This study investigated the distribution of nascent nephrons and their interrelationship with UCS branches during human embryogenesis. We obtained samples from 31 human embryos between Carnegie stages (CSs) 19 and 23 from the Kyoto Collection at the Congenital Anomaly Research Center of Kyoto University in Japan. Serial histological sections of the metanephros with the UCS were digitalized and computationally reconstructed for morphological and quantitative analyses. The three-dimensional (3D) coordinates for the positions of all UCS branch points, end points, attachment points to nascent nephrons (APs), and renal corpuscles (RCs) were recorded and related to the developmental phase. Phases were categorized from phase 1 to phase 5 according to the histological analysis. The UCS branching continued until RCs first appeared (at CS19). End branches with attached nascent nephrons (EB-AP[+]) were observed after CS19 during the fifth generation or higher during the embryonic period. The range of end branch and EB-AP(+) generation numbers was broad, and the number of RCs increased with the embryonic stage, reaching 273.8 ± 104.2 at CS23. The number of RCs connected to the UCS exceeded the number not connected to the UCS by CS23. The 3D reconstructions revealed RCs to be distributed around end branches, close to the surface of the metanephros. The RCs connected to the UCS were located away from the surface. The APs remained near the end point, whereas connecting ducts that become renal tubules were found to elongate with maturation of the RCs. Nascent nephrons in RC phases 3-5 were preferentially attached to the end branches at CS22 and CS23. The mean generation number of EB-AP(-) was higher than that of EB-AP(+) in 19 of 22 metanephros and was statistically significant for eight metanephros at CS22 and CS23. The ratio of the deviated branching pattern was almost constant (29%). The ratio of the even branching pattern with EB-AP(+) and EB-AP(+) to the total even branching pattern increased with CS (9.2% at CS21, 19.2% at CS22, and 45.4% at CS23). Our data suggest the following: EB-AP(+) may not branch further at the tip (i.e., by tip splitting), but branching beneath the AP (lateral branching) continues throughout the embryonic stages. Our study provides valuable data that can further the understanding of the interactions between the UCS and nascent nephrons during human embryogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haruka Kitazawa
- Human Health ScienceGraduate School of MedicineKyoto UniversityKyotoJapan
| | - Sena Fujii
- Human Health ScienceGraduate School of MedicineKyoto UniversityKyotoJapan
| | - Hana Ishiyama
- Human Health ScienceGraduate School of MedicineKyoto UniversityKyotoJapan
| | - Jun Matsubayashi
- Human Health ScienceGraduate School of MedicineKyoto UniversityKyotoJapan
| | - Aoi Ishikawa
- Human Health ScienceGraduate School of MedicineKyoto UniversityKyotoJapan
| | - Shigehito Yamada
- Human Health ScienceGraduate School of MedicineKyoto UniversityKyotoJapan,Congenital Anomaly Research CenterGraduate School of MedicineKyoto UniversityKyotoJapan
| | - Tetsuya Takakuwa
- Human Health ScienceGraduate School of MedicineKyoto UniversityKyotoJapan
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Fujii S, Muranaka T, Matsubayashi J, Yamada S, Yoneyama A, Takakuwa T. Bronchial tree of the human embryo: Categorization of the branching mode as monopodial and dipodial. PLoS One 2021; 16:e0245558. [PMID: 33449967 PMCID: PMC7810312 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0245558] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2020] [Accepted: 01/04/2021] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Some human organs are composed of bifurcated structures. Two simple branching modes—monopodial and dipodial—have been proposed. With monopodial branching, child branches extend from the sidewall of the parent branch. With dipodial branching, the tip of the bronchus bifurcates. However, the branching modes of the human bronchial tree have not been elucidated precisely. A total of 48 samples between Carnegie stage (CS) 15 and CS23 belonging to the Kyoto Collection were used to acquire imaging data with phase-contrast X-ray computed tomography. Bronchial trees of all samples were three-dimensionally reconstructed from the image data. We analyzed the lobar bronchus, segmental bronchus, and subsegmental bronchus. After calculating each bronchus length, we categorized the branching mode of the analyzed bronchi based on whether the parent bronchus was divided after generation of the analyzed bronchi. All lobar bronchi were formed with monopodial branching. Twenty-five bifurcations were analyzed to categorize the branching mode of the segmental and subsegmental bronchi; 22 bifurcations were categorized as monopodial branching, two bifurcations were not categorized as any branching pattern, and the only lingular bronchus that bifurcated from the left superior lobar bronchus was categorized as dipodial branching. The left superior lobar bronchus did not shorten during the period from CS17 or CS18, when the child branch was generated, to CS23. All analyzed bronchi that could be categorized, except for one, were categorized as monopodial branching. The branching modes of the lobar bronchus and segmental bronchus were similar in the mouse lung and human lung; however, the modes of the subsegmental bronchi were different. Furthermore, remodeling, such as shrinkage of the bronchus, was not observed during the analysis period. Our three-dimensional reconstructions allowed precise calculation of the bronchus length, thereby improving the knowledge of branching morphogenesis in the human embryonic lung.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sena Fujii
- Human Health Science, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Taiga Muranaka
- Human Health Science, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Jun Matsubayashi
- Human Health Science, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Shigehito Yamada
- Human Health Science, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan.,Congenital Anomaly Research Center, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
| | | | - Tetsuya Takakuwa
- Human Health Science, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
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Chang CH, Davies JA. In developing mouse kidneys, orientation of loop of Henle growth is adaptive and guided by long-range cues from medullary collecting ducts. J Anat 2019; 235:262-270. [PMID: 31099428 PMCID: PMC6637448 DOI: 10.1111/joa.13012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 04/11/2019] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
The path taken by the loop of Henle, from renal cortex to medulla and back, is critical to the ability of the kidney to concentrate urine and recover water. Unlike most developing tubules, which navigate as blind‐ended cylinders, the loop of Henle extends as a sharply bent loop, the apex of which leads the double tubes behind it in a ‘V’ shape. Here, we show that, in normal kidney development, loops of Henle extend towards the centroid of the kidney with an accuracy that increases the longer they extend. Using cultured kidney rudiments, and manipulations that rotate or remove portions of the organ, we show that loop orientation depends on long‐range cues from the medulla rather than either the orientation of the parent nephron or local cues in the cortex. The loops appear to be attracted to the most mature branch point of the collecting duct system but, if this is removed, they will head towards the most mature collecting duct branch available to them. Our results demonstrate the adaptive nature of guidance of this unusual example of a growing epithelium, and set the stage for later work devoted to understanding the molecules and mechanisms that underlie it.
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Affiliation(s)
- C-Hong Chang
- Deanery of Biomedical Science, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK.,Yale University School of Medicine, Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Jamie A Davies
- Deanery of Biomedical Science, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
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5
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Elhendawi M, Davies JA. Sebinger Culture: A System Optimized for Morphological Maturation and Imaging of Cultured Mouse Metanephric Primordia. Bio Protoc 2018; 8:e2730. [PMID: 29546231 DOI: 10.21769/bioprotoc.2730] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Here, we present a detailed protocol on setting up embryonic renal organ cultures using a culture method that we have optimised for anatomical maturation and imaging. Our culture method places kidney rudiments on glass in a thin film of medium, which results in very flat cultures with all tubules in the same image plane. For reasons not yet understood, this technique results in improved renal maturation compared to traditional techniques. Typically, this protocol will result in an organ formed with distinct cortical and medullary regions as well as elongated, correctly positioned loops of Henle. This article describes our method and provides detailed advice. We have published qualitative and quantitative evaluations on the performance of the technique in Sebinger et al. (2010) and Chang and Davies (2012).
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Affiliation(s)
- Mona Elhendawi
- Deanery of Biomedical Sciences, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK.,Clinical Pathology Department, Faculty of Medicine, Mansoura University, El-Mansoura, Egypt
| | - Jamie A Davies
- Deanery of Biomedical Sciences, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
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6
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Saarela U, Akram SU, Desgrange A, Rak-Raszewska A, Shan J, Cereghini S, Ronkainen VP, Heikkilä J, Skovorodkin I, Vainio SJ. Novel fixed z-direction (FiZD) kidney primordia and an organoid culture system for time-lapse confocal imaging. Development 2017; 144:1113-1117. [PMID: 28219945 PMCID: PMC5358112 DOI: 10.1242/dev.142950] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2016] [Accepted: 02/07/2017] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
Abstract
Tissue, organ and organoid cultures provide suitable models for developmental studies, but our understanding of how the organs are assembled at the single-cell level still remains unclear. We describe here a novel fixed z-direction (FiZD) culture setup that permits high-resolution confocal imaging of organoids and embryonic tissues. In a FiZD culture a permeable membrane compresses the tissues onto a glass coverslip and the spacers adjust the thickness, enabling the tissue to grow for up to 12 days. Thus, the kidney rudiment and the organoids can adjust to the limited z-directional space and yet advance the process of kidney morphogenesis, enabling long-term time-lapse and high-resolution confocal imaging. As the data quality achieved was sufficient for computer-assisted cell segmentation and analysis, the method can be used for studying morphogenesis ex vivo at the level of the single constituent cells of a complex mammalian organogenesis model system. Summary: Time-lapse confocal imaging of organoids and embryonic tissues through fixed z-direction culture allows long-term single-cell resolution live imaging of tissue growth and morphogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ulla Saarela
- Faculty of Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine, University of Oulu, 90220 Oulu, Finland.,Laboratory of Developmental Biology, Biocenter Oulu and InfoTech, 90220 Oulu, Finland.,Department of Medical Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine, Oulu Center for Cell Matrix Research, 90220 Oulu, Finland
| | - Saad Ullah Akram
- Laboratory of Developmental Biology, Biocenter Oulu and InfoTech, 90220 Oulu, Finland.,Center for Machine Vision Research, Department of Computer Science and Engineering, University of Oulu, 90014 Oulu, Finland
| | - Audrey Desgrange
- Sorbonne Universités, UPMC Univ Paris 06, IBPS - UMR7622 Developmental Biology, Paris F-75005, France.,Institut de Biologie Paris-Seine (IBPS) - CNRS UMR7622 Developmental Biology, F-75005 Paris, France
| | - Aleksandra Rak-Raszewska
- Faculty of Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine, University of Oulu, 90220 Oulu, Finland.,Laboratory of Developmental Biology, Biocenter Oulu and InfoTech, 90220 Oulu, Finland.,Department of Medical Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine, Oulu Center for Cell Matrix Research, 90220 Oulu, Finland
| | - Jingdong Shan
- Faculty of Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine, University of Oulu, 90220 Oulu, Finland.,Laboratory of Developmental Biology, Biocenter Oulu and InfoTech, 90220 Oulu, Finland.,Department of Medical Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine, Oulu Center for Cell Matrix Research, 90220 Oulu, Finland
| | - Silvia Cereghini
- Sorbonne Universités, UPMC Univ Paris 06, IBPS - UMR7622 Developmental Biology, Paris F-75005, France.,Institut de Biologie Paris-Seine (IBPS) - CNRS UMR7622 Developmental Biology, F-75005 Paris, France
| | | | - Janne Heikkilä
- Center for Machine Vision Research, Department of Computer Science and Engineering, University of Oulu, 90014 Oulu, Finland
| | - Ilya Skovorodkin
- Faculty of Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine, University of Oulu, 90220 Oulu, Finland .,Laboratory of Developmental Biology, Biocenter Oulu and InfoTech, 90220 Oulu, Finland.,Department of Medical Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine, Oulu Center for Cell Matrix Research, 90220 Oulu, Finland
| | - Seppo J Vainio
- Faculty of Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine, University of Oulu, 90220 Oulu, Finland .,Laboratory of Developmental Biology, Biocenter Oulu and InfoTech, 90220 Oulu, Finland.,Department of Medical Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine, Oulu Center for Cell Matrix Research, 90220 Oulu, Finland
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7
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Berry RL, Ozdemir DD, Aronow B, Lindström NO, Dudnakova T, Thornburn A, Perry P, Baldock R, Armit C, Joshi A, Jeanpierre C, Shan J, Vainio S, Baily J, Brownstein D, Davies J, Hastie ND, Hohenstein P. Deducing the stage of origin of Wilms' tumours from a developmental series of Wt1-mutant mice. Dis Model Mech 2015; 8:903-17. [PMID: 26035382 PMCID: PMC4527280 DOI: 10.1242/dmm.018523] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2014] [Accepted: 05/07/2015] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Wilms' tumours, paediatric kidney cancers, are the archetypal example of tumours caused through the disruption of normal development. The genetically best-defined subgroup of Wilms' tumours is the group caused by biallelic loss of the WT1 tumour suppressor gene. Here, we describe a developmental series of mouse models with conditional loss of Wt1 in different stages of nephron development before and after the mesenchymal-to-epithelial transition (MET). We demonstrate that Wt1 is essential for normal development at all kidney developmental stages under study. Comparison of genome-wide expression data from the mutant mouse models with human tumour material of mutant or wild-type WT1 datasets identified the stage of origin of human WT1-mutant tumours, and emphasizes fundamental differences between the two human tumour groups due to different developmental stages of origin. Summary: The comparison of different nephron-specific Wt1-knockout mouse models identifies the stage of origin of human WT1-mutant Wilms' tumours.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rachel L Berry
- MRC Human Genetics Unit, MRC Institute for Genetics and Molecular Medicine, University of Edinburgh, Western General Hospital, Crewe Road, Edinburgh, EH4 2XU, UK
| | - Derya D Ozdemir
- MRC Human Genetics Unit, MRC Institute for Genetics and Molecular Medicine, University of Edinburgh, Western General Hospital, Crewe Road, Edinburgh, EH4 2XU, UK The Roslin Institute, University of Edinburgh, Easter Bush Campus, Midlothian, EH25 9RG, UK
| | - Bruce Aronow
- Department of Biomedical Informatics and Developmental Biology, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH 45229, USA
| | - Nils O Lindström
- MRC Human Genetics Unit, MRC Institute for Genetics and Molecular Medicine, University of Edinburgh, Western General Hospital, Crewe Road, Edinburgh, EH4 2XU, UK The Roslin Institute, University of Edinburgh, Easter Bush Campus, Midlothian, EH25 9RG, UK
| | - Tatiana Dudnakova
- MRC Human Genetics Unit, MRC Institute for Genetics and Molecular Medicine, University of Edinburgh, Western General Hospital, Crewe Road, Edinburgh, EH4 2XU, UK
| | - Anna Thornburn
- MRC Human Genetics Unit, MRC Institute for Genetics and Molecular Medicine, University of Edinburgh, Western General Hospital, Crewe Road, Edinburgh, EH4 2XU, UK
| | - Paul Perry
- MRC Human Genetics Unit, MRC Institute for Genetics and Molecular Medicine, University of Edinburgh, Western General Hospital, Crewe Road, Edinburgh, EH4 2XU, UK
| | - Richard Baldock
- MRC Human Genetics Unit, MRC Institute for Genetics and Molecular Medicine, University of Edinburgh, Western General Hospital, Crewe Road, Edinburgh, EH4 2XU, UK
| | - Chris Armit
- MRC Human Genetics Unit, MRC Institute for Genetics and Molecular Medicine, University of Edinburgh, Western General Hospital, Crewe Road, Edinburgh, EH4 2XU, UK
| | - Anagha Joshi
- The Roslin Institute, University of Edinburgh, Easter Bush Campus, Midlothian, EH25 9RG, UK
| | - Cécile Jeanpierre
- INSERM, UMR 1163, Laboratory of Inherited Kidney Diseases, Paris 75015, France Paris Descartes - Sorbonne Paris Cité University, Imagine Institute, Paris 75015, France
| | - Jingdong Shan
- Biocenter Oulu, InfoTech Oulu, Faculty of Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine, Aapistie 5A, University of Oulu, PO Box 5000, Oulu 90014, Finland
| | - Seppo Vainio
- Biocenter Oulu, InfoTech Oulu, Faculty of Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine, Aapistie 5A, University of Oulu, PO Box 5000, Oulu 90014, Finland
| | - James Baily
- Queen's Medical Research Institute, University of Edinburgh, 47 Little France Crescent, Edinburgh, EH16 4TJ, UK
| | - David Brownstein
- Queen's Medical Research Institute, University of Edinburgh, 47 Little France Crescent, Edinburgh, EH16 4TJ, UK
| | - Jamie Davies
- Centre for Integrative Physiology, University of Edinburgh, Hugh Robson Building, 15 George Square, Edinburgh, EH8 9XD, UK
| | - Nicholas D Hastie
- MRC Human Genetics Unit, MRC Institute for Genetics and Molecular Medicine, University of Edinburgh, Western General Hospital, Crewe Road, Edinburgh, EH4 2XU, UK
| | - Peter Hohenstein
- MRC Human Genetics Unit, MRC Institute for Genetics and Molecular Medicine, University of Edinburgh, Western General Hospital, Crewe Road, Edinburgh, EH4 2XU, UK The Roslin Institute, University of Edinburgh, Easter Bush Campus, Midlothian, EH25 9RG, UK
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Krause M, Rak-Raszewska A, Pietilä I, Quaggin SE, Vainio S. Signaling during Kidney Development. Cells 2015; 4:112-32. [PMID: 25867084 DOI: 10.3390/cells4020112] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2015] [Revised: 03/24/2015] [Accepted: 03/30/2015] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
The kidney plays an essential role during excretion of metabolic waste products, maintenance of key homeostasis components such as ion concentrations and hormone levels. It influences the blood pressure, composition and volume. The kidney tubule system is composed of two distinct cell populations: the nephrons forming the filtering units and the collecting duct system derived from the ureteric bud. Nephrons are composed of glomeruli that filter the blood to the Bowman’s capsule and tubular structures that reabsorb and concentrate primary urine. The collecting duct is a Wolffian duct-derived epithelial tube that concentrates and collects urine and transfers it via the renal pelvis into the bladder. The mammalian kidney function depends on the coordinated development of specific cell types within a precise architectural framework. Due to the availability of modern analysis techniques, the kidney has become a model organ defining the paradigm to study organogenesis. As kidney diseases are a problem worldwide, the understanding of mammalian kidney cells is of crucial importance to develop diagnostic tools and novel therapies. This review focuses on how the pattern of renal development is generated, how the inductive signals are regulated and what are their effects on proliferation, differentiation and morphogenesis.
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Nagalakshmi VK, Yu J. The ureteric bud epithelium: morphogenesis and roles in metanephric kidney patterning. Mol Reprod Dev 2015; 82:151-66. [PMID: 25783232 DOI: 10.1002/mrd.22462] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2014] [Accepted: 01/12/2015] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
The mammalian metanephric kidney is composed of two epithelial components, the collecting duct system and the nephron epithelium, that differentiate from two different tissues -the ureteric bud epithelium and the nephron progenitors, respectively-of intermediate mesoderm origin. The collecting duct system is generated through reiterative ureteric bud branching morphogenesis, whereas the nephron epithelium is formed in a process termed nephrogenesis, which is initiated with the mesenchymal-epithelial transition of the nephron progenitors. Ureteric bud branching morphogenesis is regulated by nephron progenitors, and in return, the ureteric bud epithelium regulates nephrogenesis. The metanephric kidney is physiologically divided along the corticomedullary axis into subcompartments that are enriched with specific segments of these two epithelial structures. Here, we provide an overview of the major molecular and cellular processes underlying the morphogenesis and patterning of the ureteric bud epithelium and its roles in the cortico-medullary patterning of the metanephric kidney.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vidya K Nagalakshmi
- Department of Cell Biology and Division of Center of Immunity, Inflammation and Regenerative Medicine, University of Virginia School of Medicine, Charlottesville, Virginia
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