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Pinheiro PDP, Blotto BL, Ron SR, Stanley EL, Garcia PCA, Haddad CFB, Grant T, Faivovich J. Prepollex diversity and evolution in Cophomantini (Anura: Hylidae: Hylinae). Zool J Linn Soc 2021. [DOI: 10.1093/zoolinnean/zlab079] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
Several species of Cophomantini are known to have an enlarged prepollex, commonly modified as an osseous spine. We surveyed the osteology and myology of the prepollex and associated elements of 94 of the 190 species of Cophomantini, sampling all genera, except Nesorohyla. Two distinct prepollex morphologies were found: a blade-shaped and a spine-shaped morphology. We described the observed variation in 17 discrete characters to study their evolution in the most inclusive phylogenetic hypothesis for Cophomantini. Both morphologies evolved multiple times during the evolutionary history of this clade, but the origin of the spine-shaped distal prepollex in Boana and Bokermannohyla is ambiguous. The articulation of metacarpal II with the prepollex through a medial expansion of the metacarpal proximal epiphysis is a synapomorphy for Boana. The shape of the curve of the spine, and a large post-articular process of the distal prepollex, are synapomorphies for the Boana pulchella group, the latter being homoplastic in the Bokermannohyla martinsi group. Muscle character states associated with the spine-shaped prepollex are plesiomorphic for Cophomantini. We discuss evolution, function, behaviour and sexual dimorphism related to the prepollical elements. A bony spine is associated with fights between males, but forearm hypertrophy could be more related with habitat than with territorial combat.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paulo D P Pinheiro
- Laboratório de Anfíbios, Departamento de Zoologia, Instituto de Biociências, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Boris L Blotto
- Laboratório de Anfíbios, Departamento de Zoologia, Instituto de Biociências, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
- Laboratório de Herpetologia e Centro de Aquicultura (CAUNESP), Departamento de Biodiversidade, Instituto de Biociências, Universidade Estadual Paulista, Rio Claro, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Santiago R Ron
- Museo de Zoología, Escuela de Biología, Pontificia Universidad Católica del Ecuador, Quito, Ecuador
| | - Edward L Stanley
- Department of Natural History, Florida Museum of Natural History, Gainesville, Florida, USA
| | - Paulo C A Garcia
- Laboratório de Herpetologia, Departamento de Zoologia, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Célio F B Haddad
- Laboratório de Herpetologia e Centro de Aquicultura (CAUNESP), Departamento de Biodiversidade, Instituto de Biociências, Universidade Estadual Paulista, Rio Claro, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Taran Grant
- Laboratório de Anfíbios, Departamento de Zoologia, Instituto de Biociências, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Julián Faivovich
- División Herpetología, Museo Argentino de Ciencias Naturales ‘Bernardino Rivadavia’ – CONICET, Angel Gallardo 470, C1405DJR, Buenos Aires, Argentina
- Departamento de Biodiversidad y Biología Experimental, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina
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Amador LI. Sesamoids and Morphological Variation: a Hypothesis on the Origin of Rod-like Skeletal Elements in Aerial Mammals. J MAMM EVOL 2021. [DOI: 10.1007/s10914-021-09571-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
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Doubell NS, Sahd L, Kotzé SH. Comparative forelimb morphology of scratch-digging and chisel-tooth digging African mole-rat species. J Morphol 2020; 281:1029-1046. [PMID: 32589809 DOI: 10.1002/jmor.21229] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2020] [Revised: 06/01/2020] [Accepted: 06/05/2020] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
Bathyergus suillus (Cape dune mole-rat) and Heterocephalus glaber (naked mole-rat) are two species of subterranean burrowing rodents. Bathyergus suillus occurs in soft sandy soils and is regarded as a scratch-digger, while H. glaber is found in hard, compact soils and is a chisel-tooth digging species. The present study aimed to determine musculoskeletal differences in the forelimb of these two species. The muscles of the forelimb, back and neck were dissected to the points of origin and insertion in the left and right forelimbs, B. suillus (n = 7) and H. glaber (n = 5). Dissected muscles were photographed before maceration to demonstrate muscle attachments. The scapular spine, acromion process and clavicle were relatively straight in B. suillus. In comparison a curved scapular spine, acromion process and clavicle were observed in H. glaber. In both species, the clavicle rested on the greater tuberosity of the humerus. In B. suillus, the deltoid tuberosity was prominent and situated more distally on the humeral shaft compared to the indistinct, more proximally situated deltoid tuberosity in H. glaber. A prominent bony structure underlying the thenar pad as well as a cartilaginous protrusion beneath the hypothenar pad were observed on the palmar surface of the manus in B. suillus. Prominent claws were observed in B. suillus. A robust m. sternohyoideus was observed in H. glaber while mm. tensor fasciae antebrachii and coracobrachialis were absent. The flexors of the antebrachium of B. suillus had additional and enlarged attachment sites. The forelimb of B. suillus may be morphologically adapted for scratch-digging with relatively large and additional forelimb muscles and robust bones. In comparison, H. glaber had a reduction in the relative size, amount of muscles as well as number of attachment sites in the forelimb muscles, while the well-developed ventral neck muscles may facilitate neck and head stabilisation during chisel-tooth digging.
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Affiliation(s)
- Narusa S Doubell
- Division of Clinical Anatomy, Department of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Stellenbosch University, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - Lauren Sahd
- Division of Clinical Anatomy, Department of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Stellenbosch University, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - Sanet H Kotzé
- Division of Clinical Anatomy, Department of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Stellenbosch University, Cape Town, South Africa
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