Interleukin-18 serum level before and after intralesional immunotherapy with tuberculin purified protein derivative in patients with cutaneous and genital warts

Interleukins in the Pathogenesis of Warts: Insight from the Last Decade-A Narrative Review

Human papillomavirus (HPV) is the etiological agent of a wide spectrum of diseases, from benign lesions to neoplasms. In most cases, in the first few years after infection, viral clearance occurs; however, in some cases, the infection remains persistent, allowing the progression of the lesions. The host immune response plays a key role in the resolution of the infection. The immune response to HPV is regulated by the dynamic interaction between numerous interleukins that exert pro- or anti-inflammatory effects. The role of interleukins in malignant lesions caused by HPV has been intensively studied, but in the case of benign lesions including warts, data are limited. This review compiles data from the last 10 years on the involvement of interleukins in the pathogenesis of warts, with the aim of providing new perspectives on this topic. Elucidating the role of interleukins will not only increase our knowledge of the pathogenesis of HPV infection but will also provide the foundation for the development of new therapies.

The effectiveness of different immunotherapies in the treatment of condyloma acuminatum: a network meta-analysis of randomized clinical trials

Background

The treatment of condyloma acuminatum (CA), especially the very persistent and recurrent CA, is currently the focus of our research. Immunotherapies have recently been shown to be well-tolerated and effective in treating warts, particularly refractory warts. However, there is still a lack of corresponding evidence-based medical evidence on the effectiveness of different immunotherapies in treating warts. The difference between network meta-analysis and meta-analysis is that network meta-analysis can be used to compare multiple treatments by combining direct and indirect evidence to assess the interrelationship between all treatments. We intend to compare the efficacy of different treatments for CA using a network meta-analysis.

Methods

PubMed, Cochrane Library and Embase from inception to June 1st, 2023 were searched using a computer. All articles on immunotherapies for CA were included. Stata MP17.0 software was used for data analyses.

Results

A total of 8 randomly-controlled trials involving 493 patients were included. Result showed that all treatment measures had a significant efficacy compared with the regular saline group (BCG (bacillus Calmette-Guérin vaccine) OR = 96.00, 95%CI: 10.35-890.58; MMR (measle, mumps and rubella vaccine) OR = 29.69, 95%CI: 7.47-118.04; Candida antigens OR = 27.34, 95%CI: 8.64-86.52; PPDs (purified protein derivatives) OR = 23.33, 95%CI: 6.75-80.60; VD3 OR = 21.36, 95%CI: 4.34-105.16 and purified protein derivatives (general) OR = 13.14, 95%CI: 3.38-51.12). The area under the curve (SUCRA) ranking results showed that the bacillus Calmette-Guérin vaccine had the highest total efficiency, which was 88.2%, with the rest in the order of measle, mumps and rubella vaccine, which was 68.9%, Candida antigens, which was 63.6%, purified protein derivatives, which was 52.9%, vitamin D3, which was 49.0%, purified protein derivatives (general), which was 27.4%, and saline, which was 0%.

Conclusion

In summary, we found that the bacillus Calmette-Guérin vaccine was superior to other treatments in terms of efficacy according to the SUCRA value.