Evaluation of subclinical atherosclerosis in rosacea patients by flow-mediated dilatation method

Relationship of Biochemical and Sonographic Markers with Disease Severity in Rosacea Patients Without Cardiovascular Disease

Rosacea is a chronic inflammatory skin disorder characterized by central facial redness, papulopustular lesions, and occasionally phymatous changes. There is ongoing debate regarding rosacea as a cutaneous disease with systemic inflammatory effects and its associations with cardiovascular diseases. Although the pathogenesis of both atherosclerosis and rosacea demonstrate notable similarities, particularly in the central role of inflammation, significant gaps in understanding these connections remain. This study aims to investigate this potential relationship by assessing biochemical markers and sonographic findings in rosacea patients who were divided into groups based on disease severity. Our study included 73 rosacea patients and 73 age- and sex-matched controls, without cardiovascular disease. Demographic, clinical, and laboratory data were recorded for all participants. Carotid intima-media thickness and the thickness of subcutaneous, preperitoneal, posterior perirenal, and aortic-level visceral adipose tissues were measured by ultrasonography. The erythrocyte sedimentation rate was significantly elevated in rosacea patients versus controls. Additionally, sonographic assessments revealed that both aortic-level visceral adipose tissue and preperitoneal adipose tissue were significantly thicker in rosacea patients than in the control group, a finding corroborated by multivariable linear regression analysis. While thicker preperitoneal and perirenal adipose tissues were observed with increasing disease severity, these differences did not achieve statistical significance when subjected to multivariable linear regression analysis. The thorough examination and follow-up of patients with rosacea for cardiovascular risk factors may be necessary in clinical practice.

Evaluation of atherosclerotic risk in rosacea patients through serum fetuin-A and carotid intima media thickness

BACKGROUND

The link between rosacea and various systemic conditions has been growing in prominence, even though the relationship between rosacea and cardiovascular disease remains a subject of debate in current research.

AIMS

Detecting the connection between rosacea and subclinical atherosclerosis using laboratory and ultrasonographic parameters.

METHODS

Fifty rosacea patients and 49 control were included in the study. Demographic, clinical, and laboratory data, including serum high sensitivity C-reactive protein (hs-CRP), fetuin-A (FA), and matrix gla protein levels were assessed. Carotid intima-media thickness (CIMT) was measured by carotid ultrasonography.

RESULTS

Serum hs-CRP levels (p = 0.009) and mean CIMT (p = 0.001) were significantly higher, while serum FA levels were significantly lower (p < 0.001) in the rosacea patients compared with control. The number of patients with mean CIMT>75th percentile according to age and sex were significantly higher in the rosacea group (p = 0.001). Rosacea patients with ocular involvement exhibited significantly higher hs-CRP values in comparison to those without ocular involvement (p = 0.008). No significant correlation was detected between disease duration, severity, subtype and the study parameters.

CONCLUSIONS

This study results suggest that rosacea poses an independent risk for subclinical atherosclerosis regardless of its severity, duration, or subtype. Therefore, individuals diagnosed with rosacea should receive careful evaluation and monitoring to detect possible cardiovascular complications promptly. Furthermore, our study hints at a potential elevated risk of subclinical inflammation in rosacea patients with ocular involvement, warranting additional attention and further investigation.

Exploring the association between rosacea and acne by integrated bioinformatics analysis

Clinically, rosacea occurs frequently in acne patients, which hints the existence of shared signals. However, the connection between the pathophysiology of rosacea and acne are not yet fully understood. This study aims to unveil molecular mechanism in the pathogenesis of rosacea and acne. We identified differentially expressed genes (DEGs) by limma and weighted gene co-expression network analysis and screened hub genes by constructing a protein-protein interaction network. The hub genes were verified in different datasets. Then, we performed a correlation analysis between the hub genes and the pathways. Finally, we predicted and verified transcription factors of hub genes, performed the immune cell infiltration analysis using CIBERSORT, and calculated the correlation between hub genes and immune cells. A total of 169 common DEGs were identified, which were mainly enriched in immune-related pathways. Finally, hub genes were identified as IL1B, PTPRC, CXCL8, MMP9, CCL4, CXCL10, CD163, CCR5, CXCR4, and TLR8. 9 transcription factors that regulated the expression of hub genes were identified. The infiltration of γδT cells was significantly increased in rosacea and acne lesions and positively linked with almost all hub genes. These identified hub genes and immune cells may play a crucial role in the development of rosacea and acne.

The role of macrophages in rosacea: implications for targeted therapies

Introduction

Rosacea, a widespread chronic skin condition, may be influenced by macrophages, key immune cells in the skin, although their exact role is not yet fully understood. This review delves into the function of macrophages, their potential contribution to rosacea pathogenesis, current treatments, and promising macrophage-targeted therapies. It concludes by identifying knowledge gaps and potential areas for future rosacea research.

Method

Leveraging systematic and narrative literature review techniques, we conducted a comprehensive search of databases such as PubMed, Embase, and Web of Science. Utilizing keywords like "rosacea" and "macrophages", we targeted English articles from the last 5 years (2018-2023). We manually checked reference lists of relevant articles for additional studies. We included only articles emphasizing macrophages' role in rosacea and/or the development of related therapies and published within the specified timeframe.

Results

The systematic search of electronic databases yielded a total of 4,263 articles. After applying the inclusion and exclusion criteria, 156 articles were selected for inclusion in this review. These articles included original research studies, review articles, and clinical trials that focused on the role of macrophages in rosacea and/or the development of macrophage-targeted therapies for the disease. The selected articles provided a comprehensive and up-to-date overview of the current state of research on macrophages in rosacea, including their function in the skin, the potential mechanisms through which they may contribute to rosacea pathogenesis, and the current treatments and therapies available for the disease. Additionally, the articles identified gaps in knowledge regarding the role of macrophages in rosacea and suggested potential areas for future research.

Conclusion

This literature review emphasizes the important role that macrophages, vital immune cells in the skin, may play in the pathogenesis of rosacea, a common chronic inflammatory skin disorder. The selected studies suggest potential mechanisms by which these cells might contribute to rosacea progression, although these mechanisms are not yet fully understood. The studies also spotlight current rosacea treatments and illuminate the promising potential of new macrophage-focused therapies. Despite these insights, significant gaps persist in our understanding of the precise role of macrophages in rosacea. Future research in this area could provide further insights into the pathogenesis of rosacea and contribute to the development of more effective, targeted therapeutic strategies.

Exploring the Pathogenesis and Mechanism-Targeted Treatments of Rosacea: Previous Understanding and Updates

Rosacea is a chronic inflammatory skin disease characterized by recurrent erythema, flushing, telangiectasia, papules, pustules, and phymatous changes in the central area of the face. Patients with this condition often experience a significant negative impact on their quality of life, self-esteem, and overall well-being. Despite its prevalence, the pathogenesis of rosacea is not yet fully understood. Recent research advances are reshaping our understanding of the underlying mechanisms of rosacea, and treatment options based on the pathophysiological perspective hold promise to improve patient outcomes and reduce incidence. In this comprehensive review, we investigate the pathogenesis of rosacea in depth, with a focus on emerging and novel mechanisms, and provide an up-to-date overview of therapeutic strategies that target the diverse pathogenic mechanisms of rosacea. Lastly, we discuss potential future research directions aimed at enhancing our understanding of the condition and developing effective treatments.

Lipid Alterations and Metabolism Disturbances in Selected Inflammatory Skin Diseases

Lipidomics is a term used to define the field that analyzes the structure, functions, and interactions of lipids. Inflammatory dermatoses and lipid disturbances are interrelated, especially due to chronic inflammatory conditions. This review discusses lipidomics in selected inflammatory skin diseases: psoriasis, lichen planus, and atopic dermatitis, as well as the less commonly mentioned hidradenitis suppurativa, rosacea, and acne vulgaris. Lipid homeostasis disorders are common; they are especially well-documented in psoriasis, lichen planus, and atopic dermatitis. Future studies are required for better insight into this issue, particularly on the skin lipidome. Understanding lipidomics, in particular skin diseases, increases our knowledge about their pathogenesis, and may become useful in adjusting tailored management for each patient as well establishing prognosis. Noteworthily, it seems advisable to alert doctors to the need to analyze lipid parameters and the complications of abnormal lipid metabolism in dermatological patients, which could decrease their comorbidities and improve the life quality and health condition of dermatological patients.