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Sergazy S, Adekenov S, Khabarov I, Adekenova K, Maikenova A, Aljofan M. Harnessing Mammalian- and Plant-Derived Exosomes for Drug Delivery: A Comparative Review. Int J Mol Sci 2025; 26:4857. [PMID: 40429997 PMCID: PMC12112361 DOI: 10.3390/ijms26104857] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2025] [Revised: 05/08/2025] [Accepted: 05/15/2025] [Indexed: 05/29/2025] Open
Abstract
Exosomes, nanoscale vesicles involved in intercellular communication, have garnered significant attention for their potential in drug delivery and therapeutic applications. This review provides a comparative analysis of mammalian-derived exosomes, particularly milk-derived exosomes, and plant-derived exosome-like nanoparticles (PDENs). It explores their biogenesis, bioactivities, and functional similarities, including their roles in cellular communication, immune modulation, and disease therapy. While milk-derived exosomes exhibit promising biocompatibility and stability for targeted delivery, PDENs offer distinct advantages, such as scalability and inherent bioactivities, derived from their plant sources. Despite similarities in their structure and cargo, PDENs differ in lipid composition and protein profiles, reflecting plant-specific functions. Emerging research highlights the therapeutic potential of PDENs in managing inflammation, oxidative stress, and other diseases, emphasizing their utility as functional food components and nanocarriers. However, challenges related to their chemical stability and large-scale production require further investigation. This review underscores the need for advanced studies to fully harness the potential of these natural nanocarriers in drug-delivery systems and therapeutic interventions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shynggys Sergazy
- Research and Production Center Phytochemistry, Gazaliyev Street, Karaganda 100009, Kazakhstan; (S.S.); (S.A.); (I.K.); (K.A.); (A.M.)
- National Laboratory Astana, Center for Life Sciences, Nazarbayev University, Astana 010000, Kazakhstan
| | - Sergazy Adekenov
- Research and Production Center Phytochemistry, Gazaliyev Street, Karaganda 100009, Kazakhstan; (S.S.); (S.A.); (I.K.); (K.A.); (A.M.)
| | - Ilya Khabarov
- Research and Production Center Phytochemistry, Gazaliyev Street, Karaganda 100009, Kazakhstan; (S.S.); (S.A.); (I.K.); (K.A.); (A.M.)
| | - Kymbat Adekenova
- Research and Production Center Phytochemistry, Gazaliyev Street, Karaganda 100009, Kazakhstan; (S.S.); (S.A.); (I.K.); (K.A.); (A.M.)
| | - Assiya Maikenova
- Research and Production Center Phytochemistry, Gazaliyev Street, Karaganda 100009, Kazakhstan; (S.S.); (S.A.); (I.K.); (K.A.); (A.M.)
| | - Mohamad Aljofan
- National Laboratory Astana, Center for Life Sciences, Nazarbayev University, Astana 010000, Kazakhstan
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Nazarbayev University School of Medicine, Astana 010000, Kazakhstan
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2
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Lei L, Zhou S, Zeng L, Gu Q, Xue H, Wang F, Feng J, Cui S, Shi L. Exosome-Based Therapeutics in Dermatology. Biomater Res 2025; 29:0148. [PMID: 40351703 PMCID: PMC12062580 DOI: 10.34133/bmr.0148] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2024] [Revised: 01/13/2025] [Accepted: 01/25/2025] [Indexed: 05/14/2025] Open
Abstract
Exosomes (Exos) are tiny extracellular vesicles containing a variety of active biomolecules that play important parts in intercellular communication and influence the functions of target cells. The potential of Exos in the treatment of dermatological diseases has recently been well appreciated. This review highlights the constituents, function, and delivery of Exos, with a particular focus on their applications in skin therapy. Firstly, we offer a concise overview of the biochemical properties of Exos, including their sources, structures, and internal constituents. Subsequently, the biomedical functions of Exos and the latest advances in the extraction and purification of Exos are summarized. We further discuss the modes of delivery of Exos and underscore the potential of biomaterials in this regard. Finally, we summarize the application of Exo-aided therapy in dermatology. Overall, the objective of this review is to provide a comprehensive perspective on the applications and recent advancements of Exo-based approaches in treating skin diseases, with the intention of guiding future research efforts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lanjie Lei
- Key Laboratory of Artificial Organs and Computational Medicine in Zhejiang Province, Institute of Translational Medicine,
Zhejiang Shuren University, Hangzhou 310015, China
| | - Shaoyu Zhou
- The Third Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou 325200, China
| | - Lingyao Zeng
- Key Laboratory of Artificial Organs and Computational Medicine in Zhejiang Province, Institute of Translational Medicine,
Zhejiang Shuren University, Hangzhou 310015, China
| | - Qiancheng Gu
- Key Laboratory of Artificial Organs and Computational Medicine in Zhejiang Province, Institute of Translational Medicine,
Zhejiang Shuren University, Hangzhou 310015, China
| | - Huaqian Xue
- Key Laboratory of Artificial Organs and Computational Medicine in Zhejiang Province, Institute of Translational Medicine,
Zhejiang Shuren University, Hangzhou 310015, China
| | - Fangyan Wang
- Key Laboratory of Artificial Organs and Computational Medicine in Zhejiang Province, Institute of Translational Medicine,
Zhejiang Shuren University, Hangzhou 310015, China
| | - Jiayin Feng
- Key Laboratory of Artificial Organs and Computational Medicine in Zhejiang Province, Institute of Translational Medicine,
Zhejiang Shuren University, Hangzhou 310015, China
| | - Shumao Cui
- School of Food Science and Technology,
Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214122, China
| | - Liyun Shi
- Key Laboratory of Artificial Organs and Computational Medicine in Zhejiang Province, Institute of Translational Medicine,
Zhejiang Shuren University, Hangzhou 310015, China
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3
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Yuan Y, Cao K, Gao P, Wang Y, An W, Dong Y. Extracellular vesicles and bioactive peptides for regenerative medicine in cosmetology. Ageing Res Rev 2025; 107:102712. [PMID: 40032214 DOI: 10.1016/j.arr.2025.102712] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2024] [Revised: 01/10/2025] [Accepted: 02/25/2025] [Indexed: 03/05/2025]
Abstract
As life quality improves and the life pressure increases, people's awareness of maintaining healthy skin and hair grows. However, the use of bioactive peptides in regenerative medical aesthetics is often constrained by the high molecular weight, which impedes skin penetration. In contrast, extracellular vesicles not only possess regenerative properties but also serve as effective carriers for bioactive peptides. Given their anti-inflammatory and bactericidal properties, capacity to promote angiogenesis, optimize collagen alignment, facilitate re-epithelialization and stimulate hair growth, extracellular vesicles become an emerging and promising solution for skin regeneration treatments. The combination of peptides and extracellular vesicles enhances therapeutic efficacy and improves the bioavailability of bioactive peptides. In this review, we summarize the functions of bioactive peptides and plant- and animal-derived extracellular vesicles in regenerative medicine with cosmetology, along with examples of their combined applications. Additionally, we provide an overview of peptides and extracellular vesicles currently available on the market and in clinical practice, discussing the challenges and solutions associated with their use.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yize Yuan
- College of Life Science and Technology, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing 100029, China
| | - Kailu Cao
- College of Life Science and Technology, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing 100029, China
| | - Peifen Gao
- National Vaccine & Serum Institute, China National Biotech Group, Sinopharm Group, Beijing 101111, China
| | - Yinan Wang
- National Vaccine & Serum Institute, China National Biotech Group, Sinopharm Group, Beijing 101111, China
| | - Wenlin An
- National Vaccine & Serum Institute, China National Biotech Group, Sinopharm Group, Beijing 101111, China.
| | - Yiyang Dong
- College of Life Science and Technology, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing 100029, China.
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4
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Dutra Alves NS, Reigado GR, Santos M, Caldeira IDS, Hernandes HDS, Freitas-Marchi BL, Zhivov E, Chambergo FS, Nunes VA. Advances in regenerative medicine-based approaches for skin regeneration and rejuvenation. Front Bioeng Biotechnol 2025; 13:1527854. [PMID: 40013305 PMCID: PMC11861087 DOI: 10.3389/fbioe.2025.1527854] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2024] [Accepted: 01/20/2025] [Indexed: 02/28/2025] Open
Abstract
Significant progress has been made in regenerative medicine for skin repair and rejuvenation. This review examines core technologies including stem cell therapy, bioengineered skin substitutes, platelet-rich plasma (PRP), exosome-based therapies, and gene editing techniques like CRISPR. These methods hold promise for treating a range of conditions, from chronic wounds and burns to age-related skin changes and genetic disorders. Challenges remain in optimizing these therapies for broader accessibility and ensuring long-term safety and efficacy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nathalia Silva Dutra Alves
- Laboratory of Skin Physiology and Tissue Bioengineering, School of Arts, Sciences and Humanities, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Gustavo Roncoli Reigado
- Laboratory of Skin Physiology and Tissue Bioengineering, School of Arts, Sciences and Humanities, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Mayara Santos
- Laboratory of Skin Physiology and Tissue Bioengineering, School of Arts, Sciences and Humanities, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Izabela Daniel Sardinha Caldeira
- Laboratory of Skin Physiology and Tissue Bioengineering, School of Arts, Sciences and Humanities, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Henrique dos Santos Hernandes
- Laboratory of Proteins and Biotechnology, School of Arts, Sciences and Humanities, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | | | - Elina Zhivov
- Wound Healing and Regenerative Medicine Research Program, Dr. Phillip Frost Department of Dermatology and Cutaneous Surgery, University of Miami Miller Medical School, Miami, FL, United States
| | - Felipe Santiago Chambergo
- Laboratory of Proteins and Biotechnology, School of Arts, Sciences and Humanities, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Viviane Abreu Nunes
- Laboratory of Skin Physiology and Tissue Bioengineering, School of Arts, Sciences and Humanities, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
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5
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Jabłońska M, Sawicki T, Żulewska J, Staniewska K, Łobacz A, Przybyłowicz KE. The Role of Bovine Milk-Derived Exosomes in Human Health and Disease. Molecules 2024; 29:5835. [PMID: 39769923 PMCID: PMC11728725 DOI: 10.3390/molecules29245835] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2024] [Revised: 12/05/2024] [Accepted: 12/06/2024] [Indexed: 01/14/2025] Open
Abstract
Bovine milk is widely recognized as one of the most valuable sources of nutrients such as proteins, fats, vitamins, and minerals that support the development and health of the body. In recent years, there has been increasing scientific interest in exosomes, the small membrane-bound vesicles found in milk. Through their content (e.g., microRNA), exosomes can influence gene expression and modulate key signaling pathways within target cells. Results from in vitro and in vivo studies have shown that bovine milk-derived exosomes can alleviate intestinal inflammation by regulating signaling pathways and positively influencing the composition of the gut microbiota. They also improve cognitive function and support nervous system regeneration. In addition, exosomes promote bone health by stimulating osteoblast formation and inhibiting bone resorption, helping to prevent osteoporosis. Studies have shown that exosomes have beneficial effects on skin health by promoting collagen production, protecting cells from oxidative stress, and delaying the ageing process. Bovine milk-derived exosomes are a promising tool for the treatment and prevention of a variety of diseases, particularly those related to inflammation and tissue regeneration. Although these results are promising, further studies are needed to fully understand the mechanisms of action and the potential clinical application of milk exosomes in the prevention and treatment of different diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Monika Jabłońska
- Department of Human Nutrition, Faculty of Food Sciences, University of Warmia and Mazury in Olsztyn, 45f Sloneczna, 10-718 Olsztyn, Poland; (T.S.); (K.E.P.)
| | - Tomasz Sawicki
- Department of Human Nutrition, Faculty of Food Sciences, University of Warmia and Mazury in Olsztyn, 45f Sloneczna, 10-718 Olsztyn, Poland; (T.S.); (K.E.P.)
| | - Justyna Żulewska
- Department of Dairy Science and Quality Management, Faculty of Food Science, University of Warmia and Mazury in Olsztyn, Oczapowskiego 7, 10-719 Olsztyn, Poland; (J.Ż.); (A.Ł.)
| | - Katarzyna Staniewska
- Department of Commodity Science and Food Analysis, Faculty of Food Sciences, University of Warmia and Mazury in Olsztyn, Pl. Cieszynski 1, 10-726 Olsztyn, Poland;
| | - Adriana Łobacz
- Department of Dairy Science and Quality Management, Faculty of Food Science, University of Warmia and Mazury in Olsztyn, Oczapowskiego 7, 10-719 Olsztyn, Poland; (J.Ż.); (A.Ł.)
| | - Katarzyna E. Przybyłowicz
- Department of Human Nutrition, Faculty of Food Sciences, University of Warmia and Mazury in Olsztyn, 45f Sloneczna, 10-718 Olsztyn, Poland; (T.S.); (K.E.P.)
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6
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Lu L, Han C, Wang M, Du H, Chen N, Gao M, Wang N, Qi D, Bai W, Yin J, Dong F, Li T, Ge X. Assessment of bovine milk exosome preparation and lyophilized powder stability. JOURNAL OF EXTRACELLULAR BIOLOGY 2024; 3:e70009. [PMID: 39554868 PMCID: PMC11565256 DOI: 10.1002/jex2.70009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2024] [Revised: 07/18/2024] [Accepted: 08/30/2024] [Indexed: 11/19/2024]
Abstract
Exosomes are cell-derived nanovesicles that play a crucial role in intercellular communication, presenting promising potential as biomarkers and therapeutic agents. Bovine milk exosomes (MK-Exo) show production scalability and cost-effectiveness, offering distinct advantages over cell-derived exosomes. However, exosome storage and transportation are challenging owing to their unstable nature, necessitating preservation at ultralow temperatures. Research findings suggest that freeze-drying could provide a viable solution; however, different sources of exosomes may require specific protocols. In this study, we aimed to successfully isolate high-purity MK-Exo and develop a specialized freeze-drying and lyophilization method for improved long-term preservation of MK-Exo. Specifically, the stability of the lyophilized MK-Exo was evaluated using storage stability tests. Notably, lyophilized MK-Exo remained stable for at least 3 months under high temperature of 50°C and for at least 24 months under low temperatures of 2°C-8°C, preserving their physicochemical properties and biological activity. Conclusively, these findings provide a potential solution for ambient-temperature transportation of MK-Exo, facilitating their industrial-scale production.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lu Lu
- Tingo Exosomes Technology Co. Ltd.TianjinChina
| | - Chunle Han
- Tingo Exosomes Technology Co. Ltd.TianjinChina
| | - Miao Wang
- Tingo Exosomes Technology Co. Ltd.TianjinChina
| | - Huanqing Du
- Tingo Exosomes Technology Co. Ltd.TianjinChina
| | - Ning Chen
- Tingo Exosomes Technology Co. Ltd.TianjinChina
| | - Mengya Gao
- Tingo Exosomes Technology Co. Ltd.TianjinChina
| | - Na Wang
- Tingo Exosomes Technology Co. Ltd.TianjinChina
| | - Dongli Qi
- Tingo Exosomes Technology Co. Ltd.TianjinChina
| | - Wei Bai
- Tingo Exosomes Technology Co. Ltd.TianjinChina
| | - Jianxin Yin
- Tingo Exosomes Technology Co. Ltd.TianjinChina
| | | | - Tianshi Li
- Pekin University Shenzhen HospitalShenzhenChina
| | - Xiaohu Ge
- Tingo Exosomes Technology Co. Ltd.TianjinChina
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7
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Yang H, Wuren T, Zhai B, Liu Y, Er D. Milk-derived exosomes in the regulation of nutritional and immune functions. Food Sci Nutr 2024; 12:7048-7059. [PMID: 39479690 PMCID: PMC11521659 DOI: 10.1002/fsn3.4323] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2023] [Revised: 03/31/2024] [Accepted: 06/27/2024] [Indexed: 11/02/2024] Open
Abstract
Milk-derived exosomes (MDEs), being a component of milk, have the potential to support immune system maturation in offspring and enhance immune cell proliferation. Through the transport and transmission of essential signaling molecules, MDEs contribute to the regulation of intergenerational and intraspecies communication, thereby impacting nutrient uptake and metabolic functions. A comprehensive comprehension of MDE functionalities is imperative for enhancing the quality of the dairy industry. A systematic search of the databases PubMed/Medline, Web of Science, and Scopus utilizing predetermined keywords resulted in the identification of 418 articles, of which 67 were chosen for inclusion in this review, which specifically explores the intersection of immune response and nutrition. This article provides a critical analysis of the classification of extracellular vesicles, the mechanisms underlying the biosynthesis of microvesicular dietary exosomes (MDEs), the components of MDEs, and their relevance in the contexts of nutrition and immune modulation. The primary aim of this review was to offer valuable scholarly insights to support the advancement and practical application of MDEs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hui Yang
- College of Basic Medical ScienceQinghai UniversityXiningQinghaiPR China
| | - Tana Wuren
- Research Center for High Altitude MedicineQinghai UniversityXiningQinghaiPR China
| | - Bin‐tao Zhai
- Key Laboratory of Veterinary Pharmaceutical Development, Lanzhou Institute of Husbandry and Pharmaceutical SciencesChinese Academy of Agricultural SciencesLanzhouGansuPR China
| | - Yang Liu
- College of Life ScienceNingxia UniversityYinchuanNingxiaPR China
| | - Demtu Er
- College of Veterinary MedicineInner Mongolia Agricultural UniversityHohhotInner MongoliaPR China
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8
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Turner NP. Playing pin-the-tail-on-the-protein in extracellular vesicle (EV) proteomics. Proteomics 2024; 24:e2400074. [PMID: 38899939 DOI: 10.1002/pmic.202400074] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2024] [Revised: 06/11/2024] [Accepted: 06/12/2024] [Indexed: 06/21/2024]
Abstract
Extracellular vesicles (EVs) are anucleate particles enclosed by a lipid bilayer that are released from cells via exocytosis or direct budding from the plasma membrane. They contain an array of important molecular cargo such as proteins, nucleic acids, and lipids, and can transfer these cargoes to recipient cells as a means of intercellular communication. One of the overarching paradigms in the field of EV research is that EV cargo should reflect the biological state of the cell of origin. The true relationship or extent of this correlation is confounded by many factors, including the numerous ways one can isolate or enrich EVs, overlap in the biophysical properties of different classes of EVs, and analytical limitations. This presents a challenge to research aimed at detecting low-abundant EV-encapsulated nucleic acids or proteins in biofluids for biomarker research and underpins technical obstacles in the confident assessment of the proteomic landscape of EVs that may be affected by sample-type specific or disease-associated proteoforms. Improving our understanding of EV biogenesis, cargo loading, and developments in top-down proteomics may guide us towards advanced approaches for selective EV and molecular cargo enrichment, which could aid EV diagnostics and therapeutics research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Natalie P Turner
- Faculty of Health, Queensland University of Technology, Kelvin Grove, Australia
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Moghassemi S, Dadashzadeh A, Sousa MJ, Vlieghe H, Yang J, León-Félix CM, Amorim CA. Extracellular vesicles in nanomedicine and regenerative medicine: A review over the last decade. Bioact Mater 2024; 36:126-156. [PMID: 38450204 PMCID: PMC10915394 DOI: 10.1016/j.bioactmat.2024.02.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2023] [Revised: 02/15/2024] [Accepted: 02/19/2024] [Indexed: 03/08/2024] Open
Abstract
Small extracellular vesicles (sEVs) are known to be secreted by a vast majority of cells. These sEVs, specifically exosomes, induce specific cell-to-cell interactions and can activate signaling pathways in recipient cells through fusion or interaction. These nanovesicles possess several desirable properties, making them ideal for regenerative medicine and nanomedicine applications. These properties include exceptional stability, biocompatibility, wide biodistribution, and minimal immunogenicity. However, the practical utilization of sEVs, particularly in clinical settings and at a large scale, is hindered by the expensive procedures required for their isolation, limited circulation lifetime, and suboptimal targeting capacity. Despite these challenges, sEVs have demonstrated a remarkable ability to accommodate various cargoes and have found extensive applications in the biomedical sciences. To overcome the limitations of sEVs and broaden their potential applications, researchers should strive to deepen their understanding of current isolation, loading, and characterization techniques. Additionally, acquiring fundamental knowledge about sEVs origins and employing state-of-the-art methodologies in nanomedicine and regenerative medicine can expand the sEVs research scope. This review provides a comprehensive overview of state-of-the-art exosome-based strategies in diverse nanomedicine domains, encompassing cancer therapy, immunotherapy, and biomarker applications. Furthermore, we emphasize the immense potential of exosomes in regenerative medicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Saeid Moghassemi
- Pôle de Recherche en Physiopathologie de La Reproduction, Institut de Recherche Expérimentale et Clinique, Université Catholique de Louvain, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Arezoo Dadashzadeh
- Pôle de Recherche en Physiopathologie de La Reproduction, Institut de Recherche Expérimentale et Clinique, Université Catholique de Louvain, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Maria João Sousa
- Pôle de Recherche en Physiopathologie de La Reproduction, Institut de Recherche Expérimentale et Clinique, Université Catholique de Louvain, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Hanne Vlieghe
- Pôle de Recherche en Physiopathologie de La Reproduction, Institut de Recherche Expérimentale et Clinique, Université Catholique de Louvain, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Jie Yang
- Pôle de Recherche en Physiopathologie de La Reproduction, Institut de Recherche Expérimentale et Clinique, Université Catholique de Louvain, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Cecibel María León-Félix
- Pôle de Recherche en Physiopathologie de La Reproduction, Institut de Recherche Expérimentale et Clinique, Université Catholique de Louvain, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Christiani A. Amorim
- Pôle de Recherche en Physiopathologie de La Reproduction, Institut de Recherche Expérimentale et Clinique, Université Catholique de Louvain, Brussels, Belgium
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10
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Dos Santos PR, Kraus RB, da Silva Nascente P. Exploring the potential of bovine colostrum as a bioactive agent in human tissue regeneration: A comprehensive analysis of mechanisms of action and challenges to be overcome. Cell Biochem Funct 2024; 42:e4021. [PMID: 38682573 DOI: 10.1002/cbf.4021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2023] [Revised: 03/25/2024] [Accepted: 04/15/2024] [Indexed: 05/01/2024]
Abstract
The study examines bovine colostrum as a potent source of bioactive compounds, particularly growth factors, for tissue regeneration in humans. While previous research has hinted at therapeutic benefits, a comprehensive understanding of its mechanisms remains elusive, necessitating further investigation. This review analyzes nine selected scientific articles on bovine colostrum's bioactive potential in tissue regeneration. In vitro studies highlight its positive impact on cell behavior, including reduced proliferation and induced differentiation. Notably, optimal concentrations and specific colostrum components, such as extracellular vesicles and insoluble milk fat, show more favorable outcomes. In vivo studies underscore bovine colostrum as a promising natural resource for wound healing, despite some studies failing to identify associated benefits. Further research is crucial to unravel the intricate mechanisms, grasp the full potential in regenerative medicine, and develop more effective wound healing therapies. This refined understanding will pave the way for harnessing the complete regenerative potential of bovine colostrum in clinical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Rosana Basso Kraus
- Department of Microbiology and Parasitology, Federal University of Pelotas, Pelotas, Brazil
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11
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Prasadani M, Kodithuwakku S, Pennarossa G, Fazeli A, Brevini TAL. Therapeutic Potential of Bovine Milk-Derived Extracellular Vesicles. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:5543. [PMID: 38791583 PMCID: PMC11122584 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25105543] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2024] [Revised: 05/13/2024] [Accepted: 05/17/2024] [Indexed: 05/26/2024] Open
Abstract
Milk is a fundamental component of the human diet, owing to its substantial nutritional content. In addition, milk contains nanoparticles called extracellular vesicles (EVs), which have indicated their potential beneficial roles such as cell-to-cell communication, disease biomarkers, and therapeutics agents. Amidst other types of EVs, milk EVs (MEVs) have their significance due to their high abundance, easy access, and stability in harsh environmental conditions, such as low pH in the gut. There have been plenty of studies conducted to evaluate the therapeutic potential of bovine MEVs over the past few years, and attention has been given to their engineering for drug delivery and targeted therapy. However, there is a gap between the experimental findings available and clinical trials due to the many challenges related to EV isolation, cargo, and the uniformity of the material. This review aims to provide a comprehensive comparison of various techniques for the isolation of MEVs and offers a summary of the therapeutic potential of bovine MEVs described over the last decade, analyzing potential challenges and further applications. Although a number of aspects still need to be further elucidated, the available data point to the role of MEVs as a potential candidate with therapeutics potential, and the supplementation of MEVs would pave the way to understanding their in-depth effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Madhusha Prasadani
- Institute of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Sciences, Estonian University of Life Sciences, 51006 Tartu, Estonia; (M.P.); (S.K.); (A.F.)
| | - Suranga Kodithuwakku
- Institute of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Sciences, Estonian University of Life Sciences, 51006 Tartu, Estonia; (M.P.); (S.K.); (A.F.)
- Department of Animal Sciences, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Peradeniya, Peradeniya 20400, Sri Lanka
| | - Georgia Pennarossa
- Laboratory of Biomedical Embryology and Tissue Engineering, Department of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Sciences, Center for Stem Cell Research, Università degli Studi di Milano, 26900 Lodi, Italy;
| | - Alireza Fazeli
- Institute of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Sciences, Estonian University of Life Sciences, 51006 Tartu, Estonia; (M.P.); (S.K.); (A.F.)
- Department of Pathophysiology, Institute of Biomedicine and Translational Medicine, University of Tartu, 50411 Tartu, Estonia
- Division of Clinical Medicine, School of Medicine and Population Health, University of Sheffield, Sheffield S10 2SF, UK
| | - Tiziana A. L. Brevini
- Laboratory of Biomedical Embryology and Tissue Engineering, Department of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Sciences, Center for Stem Cell Research, Università degli Studi di Milano, 26900 Lodi, Italy;
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