1
|
Boruah AM, Banerjee D, Bhardwaj F, Mallya S, Singal R, Sharma S, Gautam A. Effect of norethisterone dose and duration in the management of abnormal uterine bleeding: a narrative review and case report. Drugs Context 2024; 13:2024-4-1. [PMID: 38989130 PMCID: PMC11235183 DOI: 10.7573/dic.2024-4-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2024] [Accepted: 05/15/2024] [Indexed: 07/12/2024] Open
Abstract
Abnormal uterine bleeding (AUB) is an acute/chronic variation in the normal menstrual cycle that affects adolescents, women of reproductive age and perimenopausal women. AUB affects approximately 3-30% of reproductive-aged women worldwide, and reduces their quality of life and productivity whilst increasing the overall healthcare burden. Its management requires thorough medical evaluation and individualized treatment. Depending on the severity and cause of AUB, its treatment ranges from lifestyle modifications and hormonal therapies to more invasive procedures or surgery. Although hormonal therapy is the preferred first-line measure in AUB, the available pharmacological options have various adverse effects. There exists a need for safer and more efficient treatment regimens with high patient compliance to effectively treat AUB. Norethisterone, also known as norethindrone, is a widely used synthetic analogue of progestogen. Controlled release formulations of norethisterone/ norethisterone acetate help maintain constant drug levels in the blood and exert minimal side-effects; therefore, they are promising therapeutic agents for effective AUB management. The present review summarizes the epidemiology and diagnosis of AUB, with a focus on the safety, efficacy and tolerability of norethisterone/ norethisterone acetate in AUB management. We also report a case of AUB in a 40-year-old woman, who was treated with NETA tablets. The treatment resulted in favourable outcomes, and patient satisfaction.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Arun Madhab Boruah
- Apollo Fertility, Guwahati, India
- Apollo International Hospital, Guwahati, India
| | | | - Farendra Bhardwaj
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Mahatma Gandhi Medical College (MGU MST), Jaipur, India
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
2
|
Clavero Bertomeu L, Castro Portillo L, Fernández-Conde de Paz C. Uterine Arteriovenous Malformation: Diagnostic and Therapeutic Challenges. Diagnostics (Basel) 2024; 14:1084. [PMID: 38893611 PMCID: PMC11172076 DOI: 10.3390/diagnostics14111084] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2024] [Revised: 03/26/2024] [Accepted: 05/21/2024] [Indexed: 06/21/2024] Open
Abstract
Uterine arteriovenous malformations are a rare cause of puerperal haemorrhage, but their incidence is increasing due to both improved diagnosis and the more frequent use of uterine surgery in recent years. The use of ultrasound, both B-mode and Doppler, is recommended for diagnosis and follow-up, as it has been shown to be the simplest and most cost-effective method. Endometrial thickening associated with an anechoic and vascular intramiometrial structure is very useful for diagnosis and can help to exclude other causes of dysfunctional bleeding. Pulsed Doppler shows low-resistance vessels and high pulsatility indices with a high peak systolic velocity (PSV). In a healthy myometrium, the vessels have a peak systolic velocity of 9-40 cm/s and a resistance index between 0.6 and 0.8, whereas in the case of AVMs, the systolic and diastolic velocities are 4-6 times higher (PSV 25-110 cm/s with a mean of 60 cm/s and a resistance index of 0.27-0.75 with a mean of 0.41). For treatment, we must individualise each case, taking into account haemodynamic stability, the patient's reproductive wishes, and the severity of the AVM as assessed by its size and PSV.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Luisa Clavero Bertomeu
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Valme University Hospital, 41014 Sevilla, Spain
| | - Laura Castro Portillo
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Valme University Hospital, 41014 Sevilla, Spain
| | | |
Collapse
|
3
|
Maharana N, Behera MR, Mitra S, Singh S. Challenges in Diagnosis and Management of Recurrent Uterine Arteriovenous Malformation: A Case Report. Cureus 2024; 16:e59665. [PMID: 38836161 PMCID: PMC11148843 DOI: 10.7759/cureus.59665] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 05/05/2024] [Indexed: 06/06/2024] Open
Abstract
Uterine arteriovenous malformation (AVM) is a potentially life-threatening condition. The vast majority of cases are acquired. Uterine artery embolization (UAE) is currently the treatment of choice for symptomatic women desiring future childbearing. However, there is no consensus on the number of UAE procedures that can be performed on an individual woman. We report a case of recurrent uterine AVM and discuss the challenges in diagnosis and management. A 35-year-old multiparous woman presented with heavy menstrual bleeding (HMB). She had been diagnosed with uterine AVM six years ago and had undergone two previous UAE procedures. Her abdominal examination revealed a healthy Pfannensteil scar. Bimanual examination revealed a normal-sized uterus that was firm, mobile, and fornices were free. Her haemoglobin was 10.2 g/dl. Greyscale two-dimensional ultrasound revealed a normal-sized uterus with multiple hypoechoic lesions in the myometrium. Colour Doppler ultrasound showed intense vascularity with multidirectional flow in the myometrium, suggestive of uterine AVM. In view of previous failed UAE procedures, she opted for a hysterectomy. A total abdominal hysterectomy with a bilateral salpingectomy was performed. Blood loss during the procedure was greater than average, and she was transfused with a unit of packed cells. Her post-operative course was uneventful. Histopathology confirmed the diagnosis of a uterine AVM. To conclude, the UAE is considered the treatment of choice for symptomatic women with uterine AVM desiring future childbearing. In cases of failure of UAE procedures, hysterectomy is therapeutic but may be associated with more than average blood loss.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Nibedita Maharana
- Obstetrics and Gynecology, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Bhubaneswar, Bhubaneswar, IND
| | - Manas R Behera
- Obstetrics and Gynecology, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Bhubaneswar, Bhubaneswar, IND
| | - Suvradeep Mitra
- Histopathology, Postgraduate Institute of Medical Education and Research, Chandigarh, Chandigarh, IND
| | - Sweta Singh
- Obstetrics and Gynecology, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Bhubaneswar, Bhubaneswar, IND
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Zhang W, Cui S, Mao Z, Hao Y, Tan Y, Ban Y, Cui B. Effect of direct surgical treatment in pregnancy-related uterine arteriovenous malformation. BMC Pregnancy Childbirth 2023; 23:673. [PMID: 37726661 PMCID: PMC10507977 DOI: 10.1186/s12884-023-05961-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2023] [Accepted: 08/28/2023] [Indexed: 09/21/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Uterine arteriovenous malformation (UAVM) is a relatively rare but potentially life-threatening situations abnormal vascular connections between the uterine arterial and venous systems. Lack of recognized guidelines and clinic experience, there is a lot of clinic problems about diagnosis and treatment. By analyzing the clinical data of patients with pregnancy-related UAVM, we aim to confirm the safety of direct surgeries and the benefit of pretreatment (uterine artery embolization or medical therapy) before surgery, and to explore more optimal therapies for patients with pregnancy-related UAVM. METHODS A total of 106 patients in Qilu Hospital of Shandong University from January 2011 to December 2021 diagnosed of pregnancy-related UAVM were involved in this study. Depending on whether preoperative intervention was performed, the patients were divided into direct surgery group and pretreatment group (uterine artery embolization or medical management). Clinical characteristics, operative related factors and prognosis were analyzed. RESULTS The most common symptom of pregnancy-related UAVM was vaginal bleeding (82.5%), which could also be accompanied by abdominal pain. Pretreatments (uterine artery embolization or medical therapy) had no obvious benefit to the subsequent surgeries, but increased the hospital stay and hospital cost. Direct surgery group had satisfactory success rate and prognosis compared to pretreatment group. CONCLUSION For pregnancy-related UAVM, direct surgery has good effects and high safety with shorter hospital stays and less hospital cost. What is more, without uterine artery embolization and other medical therapy, patients could remain better fertility in future.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Wenjing Zhang
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, 250012, China
| | - Suhua Cui
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, 250012, China
| | - Zhonghao Mao
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, 250012, China
| | - Yiping Hao
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, 250012, China
| | - Yilin Tan
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Qingdao, Shandong, 266011, China
| | - Yanli Ban
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, 250012, China.
| | - Baoxia Cui
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, 250012, China.
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Damiani GR, Dellino M, Cascardi E, Xuamin H, Di Gennaro D, Vimercati A, Vitagliano A, Malvasi A, loizzi V, Paniga C, Lanteri L, Alfonso R, Cicinelli E, Pellegrino A. Uterine venous malformations in the puerperium: 2 Atypical cases and literature review. Eur J Obstet Gynecol Reprod Biol X 2023; 19:100220. [PMID: 37636521 PMCID: PMC10450833 DOI: 10.1016/j.eurox.2023.100220] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2023] [Accepted: 07/29/2023] [Indexed: 08/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Uterine arteriovenous malformations (AVMs) is a rare but high-risk cause of uterine bleeding. The clinical management of this condition is challenging, as the ultrasound picture can sometimes be unambiguously interpreted. Moreover, in the puerperium in which acquired AVMs are most frequently formed, it is necessary to discuss the correct management in a multidisciplinary and personalized manner. We present two cases of AVMs developing in the puerperium, both with a vaginal delivery and spontaneous and complete secondment. The symptom of onset was an episode of bright red blood loss in the puerperium, on the 14th and 21st postpartum days, respectively. Transvaginal ultrasound showed a hypervascularized lesion in the myometrium with turbulent vascular flow, confirmed by transabdominal ultrasound and angiography. To date, there are no guidelines on the management of MAVs. In our cases we opted for a conservative approach, in order to preserve the fertility of the patient. These experiences reported have the purpose of enriching a literature still sparse on the subject and in the future to be able to represent a fulcrum for official recommendations.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Gianluca Raffaello Damiani
- Obstetrics and Gynecology Unit, Department of Biomedical Sciences and Human Oncology, University of "Aldo Moro", 70124 Bari, Italy
| | - Miriam Dellino
- Obstetrics and Gynecology Unit, Department of Biomedical Sciences and Human Oncology, University of "Aldo Moro", 70124 Bari, Italy
| | - Eliano Cascardi
- Department of Medical Sciences, University of Turin, 10124 Turin, Italy
- Pathology Unit, FPO-IRCCS Candiolo Cancer Institute, 10060 Candiolo, Italy
| | - He Xuamin
- Obstetrics and Gynecology Unit, Department of Biomedical Sciences and Human Oncology, University of "Aldo Moro", 70124 Bari, Italy
- San Raffaele Hospital, Milan,Italy
| | - Daniele Di Gennaro
- Obstetrics and Gynecology Unit, Department of Biomedical Sciences and Human Oncology, University of "Aldo Moro", 70124 Bari, Italy
| | - Antonella Vimercati
- Obstetrics and Gynecology Unit, Department of Biomedical Sciences and Human Oncology, University of "Aldo Moro", 70124 Bari, Italy
| | - Amerigo Vitagliano
- Obstetrics and Gynecology Unit, Department of Biomedical Sciences and Human Oncology, University of "Aldo Moro", 70124 Bari, Italy
| | - Antonio Malvasi
- Obstetrics and Gynecology Unit, Department of Biomedical Sciences and Human Oncology, University of "Aldo Moro", 70124 Bari, Italy
| | - Vera loizzi
- Department of Interdisciplinary Medicine (DIM), University of Bari "Aldo Moro", 70124 Bari, Italy
- Oncology Unit IRCSS Istituto Tumori "Giovanni Paolo II", 70124 Bari, Italy
| | - Cristiana Paniga
- University of Milan-Biccocca,Department of Medicine and Surgery, Milan, Italy
| | - Laura Lanteri
- University of Milan-Biccocca,Department of Medicine and Surgery, Milan, Italy
| | - Raffaello Alfonso
- Obstetrics and Gynecology Unit, Department of Biomedical Sciences and Human Oncology, University of "Aldo Moro", 70124 Bari, Italy
| | - Ettore Cicinelli
- Obstetrics and Gynecology Unit, Department of Biomedical Sciences and Human Oncology, University of "Aldo Moro", 70124 Bari, Italy
| | - Antonio Pellegrino
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, ASTT LECCO, Alessandro Manzoni Hospital, Dell'Eremo Street 11, Lecco, Italy
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Tak H, Lee KN, Ryu JW, Lee KY, Son GH. Danazol as a Treatment for Uterine Arteriovenous Malformation: A Case Report. J Pers Med 2023; 13:1289. [PMID: 37763057 PMCID: PMC10532834 DOI: 10.3390/jpm13091289] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2023] [Revised: 08/21/2023] [Accepted: 08/22/2023] [Indexed: 09/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Uterine arteriovenous malformation (AVM) is associated with a risk of massive uterine bleeding. Although uterine artery embolization remains the first-line treatment for AVM, there has been a recent exploration of pharmacological options. Danazol is known to reduce blood flow to the uterus; however, our understanding of its therapeutic efficacy for AVM remains limited. Herein, we present the results of danazol use in patients with uterine AVM. We retrospectively reviewed the medical records of patients who received danazol for the treatment of AVM between January 2013 and November 2022. The cohort comprised 10 patients who developed AVM after dilatation and curettage (D&C), abortion, or cesarean section. Danazol was administered twice daily at a total dose of 400 mg/day, and was employed for AVM treatment in hemodynamically stable patients who provided consent and were devoid of massive bleeding. Outpatient follow-ups (ultrasound measurements of AVM size and symptom assessment) were performed every 2 weeks. AVM was successfully treated with danazol in most patients with no adverse event. Eight postabortal patients had complete resolution of AVM after an average of 45 days (range 14-70 days). Of two patients who developed AVM after a cesarean section, one experienced AVM reduction, and the other developed massive bleeding, requiring emergency uterine artery embolization. In light of these outcomes, danazol can be potentially prioritized over uterine artery embolization in the treatment of AVM after abortion in hemodynamically stable patients.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hyunjin Tak
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Hallym University College of Medicine, Kangnam Sacred Heart Hospital, Seoul 07441, Republic of Korea; (H.T.); (J.-W.R.); (K.-Y.L.)
| | - Kyong-No Lee
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Chungnam National University Hospital, Daejeon 35015, Republic of Korea;
| | - Ji-Won Ryu
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Hallym University College of Medicine, Kangnam Sacred Heart Hospital, Seoul 07441, Republic of Korea; (H.T.); (J.-W.R.); (K.-Y.L.)
| | - Keun-Young Lee
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Hallym University College of Medicine, Kangnam Sacred Heart Hospital, Seoul 07441, Republic of Korea; (H.T.); (J.-W.R.); (K.-Y.L.)
| | - Ga-Hyun Son
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Hallym University College of Medicine, Kangnam Sacred Heart Hospital, Seoul 07441, Republic of Korea; (H.T.); (J.-W.R.); (K.-Y.L.)
- Institute of New Frontier Research Team, College of Medicine, Hallym University, Chuncheon 24252, Republic of Korea
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Matsumoto MM, Caridi TM. Uterine Vascular Anomalies: Management and Treatment Overview. Semin Intervent Radiol 2023; 40:342-348. [PMID: 37575348 PMCID: PMC10415054 DOI: 10.1055/s-0043-1770714] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/15/2023]
Abstract
Uterine vascular anomalies (UVAs), while rare, can result in severe, life-threatening hemorrhage. An understanding of the presentation and management options for UVAs is important for interventional radiologists to appropriately evaluate and care for these patients. The authors propose a standardized terminology for UVAs to avoid confusion and conflating congenital from acquired vascular lesions, which have a different pathophysiology. Limited high-level evidence and no definitive guidelines for UVA management exist, although endovascular treatment with uterine artery embolization has generally become the first-line approach for symptomatic or persistent UVAs with high technical and clinical success rates. There is also no consensus on the optimal embolization technique; the authors propose an initial approach to first embolize the dominant uterine artery supplying the UVA with gelatin sponge, with the option to embolize the contralateral side at the time of initial embolization if there is persistent supply (avoiding bilateral empiric embolization). Repeat embolization is feasible and recommended in the setting of recurrence, and both clinical and imaging follow-up is important. Ultimately, a multidisciplinary approach with individualized patient management is needed, particularly in the face of a lack of consensus guidelines for the management of symptomatic UVAs.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Monica M. Matsumoto
- Department of Radiology, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Theresa M. Caridi
- Department of Radiology, University of Alabama-Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Adwan D, Taifour W, Reslan FH. A successful bilateral iliac arteries ligation as an emergency management to a life-threatening AVM bleeding: A case report and literature review. Int J Surg Case Rep 2023; 106:108022. [PMID: 37084555 PMCID: PMC10154729 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijscr.2023.108022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2022] [Revised: 03/01/2023] [Accepted: 03/16/2023] [Indexed: 03/30/2023] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION AND IMPORTANCE Uterine arteriovenous malformation (AVM) is a defect due to direct connection between uterine arteries and veins, it has wide range of symptoms and severity, usually causes vaginal bleeding which may be mild or severe and may cause death in some rare cases. Diagnostic methods may include ultrasound, MRI, CT and/or angiography which reveal a high blood flow hypoechoic mass. Many options have been applied as management procedures, including invasive and noninvasive procedures, aiming to save patient life and stop bleeding or preserve fertility in the less severe cases. CASE PRESENTATION 21 years old primigravida patient developed episodes of severe vaginal bleeding due to AVM after complete molar pregnancy evacuation and chemotherapy, managed successfully by bilateral internal iliac artery ligation and applying compression sutures on the uterus and continuing with compound medical treatment, trying to preserve fertility and ability to get pregnant in the future. CLINICAL DISCUSSION We point out AVM types, its sings, symptoms and the diagnostic procedures. We discuss the bilateral iliac artery ligation and applying modified compression sutures on uterus as possible emergency managements to AVM when there is a threatening on life due to huge bleeding. We also mentioned the other surgical and medical treatments. CONCLUSION We confirm the importance of keeping AVM in mind as a possible diagnose when there is unknown cause vaginal bleeding. Consider doing bilateral iliac artery ligation and applying the modified compression sutures as emergency procedures to stop or reduce AVM bleeding.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Dema Adwan
- Obstetrics and Gynecology Hospital, Damascus University, Damascus, Syria
| | - Wessam Taifour
- Obstetrics and Gynecology Hospital, Damascus University, Damascus, Syria.
| | - Fatima Haj Reslan
- Obstetrics and Gynecology Hospital, Damascus University, Damascus, Syria
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Advances on Hormones in Cosmetics: Illegal Addition Status, Sample Preparation, and Detection Technology. Molecules 2023; 28:molecules28041980. [PMID: 36838967 PMCID: PMC9959700 DOI: 10.3390/molecules28041980] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2023] [Revised: 02/11/2023] [Accepted: 02/16/2023] [Indexed: 02/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Owing to the rapid development of the cosmetic industry, cosmetic safety has become the focus of consumers' attention. However, in order to achieve the desired effects in the short term, the illegal addition of hormones in cosmetics has emerged frequently, which could induce skin problems and even skin cancer after long-term use. Therefore, it is of great significance to master the illegal addition in cosmetics and effectively detect the hormones that may exist in cosmetics. In this review, we analyze the illegally added hormone types, detection values, and cosmetic types, as well as discuss the hormone risks in cosmetics for human beings, according to the data in unqualified cosmetics in China from 2017 to 2022. Results showed that although the frequency of adding hormones in cosmetics has declined, hormones are still the main prohibited substances in illegal cosmetics, especially facial masks. Because of the complex composition and the low concentration of hormones in cosmetics, it is necessary to combine efficient sample preparation technology with instrumental analysis. In order to give the readers a comprehensive overview of hormone analytical technologies in cosmetics, we summarize the advanced sample preparation techniques and commonly used detection techniques of hormones in cosmetics in the last decade (2012-2022). We found that ultrasound-assisted extraction, solid phase extraction, and microextraction coupled with chromatographic analysis are still the most widely used analytical technologies for hormones in cosmetics. Through the investigation of market status, the summary of sample pretreatment and detection technologies, as well as the discussion of their development trends in the future, our purpose is to provide a reference for the supervision of illegal hormone residues in cosmetics.
Collapse
|
10
|
Chueca G, Illescas T, Sotillo L, Rodríguez R, Álvarez C, Hernández A, Bartha J, Antolín E. Malformación arteriovenosa uterina. Un reto diagnóstico y terapéutico. CLINICA E INVESTIGACION EN GINECOLOGIA Y OBSTETRICIA 2023. [DOI: 10.1016/j.gine.2022.100813] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
|
11
|
Accuracy of flow-void diameters on MR images in diagnosing uterine arteriovenous malformations in patients with pregnancy-related diseases. Sci Rep 2021; 11:19806. [PMID: 34615908 PMCID: PMC8494937 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-99209-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2021] [Accepted: 09/21/2021] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
To evaluate the “flow void” diameter in patients with pregnancy-related diseases with and without uterine AVMs and assess the diagnostic performance of unenhanced MRI for uterine AVMs. From May 2014 to April 2019, 79 patients with pregnancy-related diseases were included, including 36 with and 43 without uterine AVMs confirmed by DSA. On MRI, the diameter of the most prominent “flow void” (hereinafter referred to as fv-D) was measured and compared between patients with and without uterine AVMs. The diagnostic performance of fv-D was estimated with receiver operating characteristic curves. The “flow void” sign was observed in patients with and without uterine AVMs (P > 0.05). The fv-D was significantly larger in patients with uterine AVMs in the myometrium and parametrium than in patients without uterine AVMs (P < 0.0001). The fv-D achieved a reliable diagnostic performance in the myometrium (sensitivity 80.6%, specificity 60.5%, negative predictive value 78.8%, positive predictive value 63%, AUC 0.727, cut-off: > 1.33 mm) and parametrium (sensitivity 97.2%, specificity 67.4%, negative predictive value 96.7%, positive predictive value 71.4%, AUC 0.881, cut-off > 2.6 mm). On MRI, fv-D could diagnose uterine AVMs. The fv-D had a much higher diagnostic efficiency in the parametrium than in the myometrium. The parametrium fv-D greatly improved the diagnostic sensitivity and provides a more accurate, noninvasive method of investigating possible uterine AVMs.
Collapse
|
12
|
Rosen A, Chan WV, Matelski J, Walsh C, Murji A. Medical treatment of uterine arteriovenous malformation: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Fertil Steril 2021; 116:1107-1116. [PMID: 34130801 DOI: 10.1016/j.fertnstert.2021.05.095] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2021] [Revised: 04/15/2021] [Accepted: 05/17/2021] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To quantify the efficacy of medical management of uterine arteriovenous malformation (AVM) and compare efficacy between different classes of medication. In addition, we evaluated for factors associated with treatment success and pregnancy outcomes after medical management. DESIGN Systematic review and meta-analysis. SETTING Not applicable. PATIENT(S) Thirty-two studies representing 121 premenopausal women with medically-treated uterine AVM were identified via database searches of MEDLINE, Embase, Web of Science, and cited references. INTERVENTION(S) Medical treatment with progestins, gonadotropin-releasing hormone agonists (GnRH-a), methotrexate, combined hormonal contraception , uterotonics, danazol, or combination of the above. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURE(S) Primary outcome of treatment success was defined as AVM resolution without subsequent procedural interventions. Secondary outcome was treatment complication (readmission or transfusion). RESULT(S) The overall success rate of medical management was 88% (106/121). After adjusting for clustering effects, success rates for progestin (82.5%; 95% confidence interval [CI], 70.1%-90.4%), GnRH-a (89.3%; 99% CI, 71.4%-96.5%) and methotrexate (90.0%; 99% CI, 55.8%-98.8%) were significantly different from the null hypothesis of 50% success. The agents with the lowest adjusted proportion of complications were progestins (10.0%; 99% CI, 3.3%-26.8%) and GnRH-a (10.7%; 99% CI, 3.5%-28.4%). No clinical factors were found to predict treatment success. Twenty-six subsequent pregnancies are described, with no reported recurrences of AVM. CONCLUSION(S) Medical management for uterine AVM is a reasonable approach in a well selected patient. These data should be interpreted in the context of significant publication bias.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Adam Rosen
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, University of Toronto, Mount Sinai Hospital, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Wilson Ventura Chan
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, University of Toronto, Mount Sinai Hospital, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - John Matelski
- Biostatistics Research Unit, University Health Network, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Chris Walsh
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, University of Toronto, Mount Sinai Hospital, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Ally Murji
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, University of Toronto, Mount Sinai Hospital, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Giurazza F, Corvino F, Silvestre M, Cavaglià E, Amodio F, Cangiano G, De Magistris G, Niola R. Uterine Arteriovenous Malformations. Semin Ultrasound CT MR 2020; 42:37-45. [PMID: 33541588 DOI: 10.1053/j.sult.2020.08.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
Uterine arteriovenous malformations are rare but may represent a life-threatening cause of vaginal bleeding. The typical patient affected is a multiparous woman during her thirties. The origin can be congenital or acquired, with the latter being more common after uterine surgery and presenting mainly as arteriovenous fistulous connections into the myometrium supplied by uterine arteries. The correct diagnosis of uterine arteriovenous malformations requires imaging findings of tubular and tortuous structures with mixed signal from arterial and venous flows; transvaginal color-Doppler ultrasound is the initial technique applied, then integrated with contrast-enhanced magnetic resonance or computed tomography. Multiple treatment approaches are available, including conservative-medical, endovascular embolization and surgery. Transarterial embolization represents the most applied, preserving childbearing capacity with negligible procedural complications; clinical and technical success rates are elevated, up to 90%. The goal of embolization is to occlude the point of fistula or the nidus and the application of multiple embolizing agents has been reported: despite there is no clear superiority of one over the others, liquids, especially those related to the dymethil-sulfoxide family, present relevant technical advantages. Surgery is nowadays to be considered when the endovascular approach fails and in these cases hysterectomy remains the common recommendation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Francesco Giurazza
- Vascular and Interventional Radiology Department, Cardarelli Hospital, Naples, Italy.
| | - Fabio Corvino
- Vascular and Interventional Radiology Department, Cardarelli Hospital, Naples, Italy
| | - Mattia Silvestre
- Vascular and Interventional Radiology Department, Cardarelli Hospital, Naples, Italy
| | - Enrico Cavaglià
- Vascular and Interventional Radiology Department, Cardarelli Hospital, Naples, Italy
| | - Francesco Amodio
- Vascular and Interventional Radiology Department, Cardarelli Hospital, Naples, Italy
| | - Gianluca Cangiano
- Vascular and Interventional Radiology Department, Cardarelli Hospital, Naples, Italy
| | - Giuseppe De Magistris
- Vascular and Interventional Radiology Department, Cardarelli Hospital, Naples, Italy
| | - Raffaella Niola
- Vascular and Interventional Radiology Department, Cardarelli Hospital, Naples, Italy
| |
Collapse
|