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Zingue S, Mindang ELN, Awounfack FC, Kalgonbe AY, Kada MM, Njamen D, Ndinteh DT. Oral administration of tartrazine (E102) accelerates the incidence and the development of 7,12-dimethylbenz(a) anthracene (DMBA)-induced breast cancer in rats. BMC Complement Med Ther 2021; 21:303. [PMID: 34972512 PMCID: PMC8720219 DOI: 10.1186/s12906-021-03490-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2021] [Accepted: 12/10/2021] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Despite the considerable advances made in the treatment of cancer, it remains a global threat. Tartrazine (E102) is a synthetic dye widely used in food industries; it has recently been shown to induce oxidative stress (a well known risk factor of cancer) in rat tissues. The present work therefore aimed to assess the impact of a regular consumption of tartrazine on the incidence of breast cancer in rats. METHODS Forty (40) Wistar rats aged 55 to 60 days were randomly assigned into 5 groups (n = 8) including two groups serving as normal controls and receiving distilled water (NOR) or tartrazine (NOR + TARZ). The three remaining groups were exposed to the carcinogen DMBA (50 mg/kg) and treated for 20 weeks with either distilled water (DMBA), tartrazine 50 mg/kg (DMBA + TARZ) or a natural dye (DMBA + COL). The parameters evaluated were the incidence, morphology and some biomarkers (CA 15-3, estradiol and α-fetoprotein) of breast cancer. The oxidative status and histomorphology of the tumors were also assessed. RESULTS A regular intake of tartrazine led to an early incidence of tumors (100% in rats that received TARZ only vs 80% in rats that received DMBA only), with significantly larger tumors (p < 0.001) (mass = 3500 mg/kg and volume = 4 cm3). The invasive breast carcinoma observed on the histological sections of the animals of the DMBA + TARZ group was more developed than those of the DMBA group. The increase in serum α-fetoprotein (p < 0.05) and CA 15-3 (p < 0.01) levels corroborate the changes observed in tumors. The presence of oxidative activity in animals of the DMBA + TARZ group was confirmed by a significant decrease (p < 0.001) in the activity of antioxidant enzymes (SOD and catalase) as well as the level of GSH and increase in the level of MDA compared to the rats of the DMBA and NOR groups. CONCLUSION Tartrazine therefore appears to be a promoter of DMBA-induced breast tumorigenesis in rats through its oxidative potential. This work encourages further studies on the mechanisms of action of tartrazine (E102) and its limits of use.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stéphane Zingue
- Department of Medical and Biomedical Engineering, Higher Technical Teachers' Training College, University of Yaoundé 1, P.O. Box 886, Ebolowa, Cameroon.
- Department of Life and Earth Sciences, Higher Teachers' Training College, University of Maroua, P.O. Box 55, Maroua, Cameroon.
- Centre for Natural Product Research, Department of Chemical Sciences, University of Johannesburg, P.O. Box 17011, Doornfontein, Johannesburg, 2028, South Africa.
| | | | - Florence Charline Awounfack
- Department of Animal Biology and Physiology, Faculty of Science, University of Yaoundé 1, P.O. Box 812, Yaounde, Cameroon
| | - Abel Yanfou Kalgonbe
- Department of Life and Earth Sciences, Higher Teachers' Training College, University of Maroua, P.O. Box 55, Maroua, Cameroon
| | - Moustapha Mohamet Kada
- Department of Life and Earth Sciences, Higher Teachers' Training College, University of Maroua, P.O. Box 55, Maroua, Cameroon
| | - Dieudonné Njamen
- Centre for Natural Product Research, Department of Chemical Sciences, University of Johannesburg, P.O. Box 17011, Doornfontein, Johannesburg, 2028, South Africa
- Department of Animal Biology and Physiology, Faculty of Science, University of Yaoundé 1, P.O. Box 812, Yaounde, Cameroon
| | - Derek Tantoh Ndinteh
- Centre for Natural Product Research, Department of Chemical Sciences, University of Johannesburg, P.O. Box 17011, Doornfontein, Johannesburg, 2028, South Africa.
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Peris M, Reid SM, Dobie S, Bonacquisto L, Shepherd DA, Amor DJ. Second trimester maternal serum biomarkers and the risk of cerebral palsy. Prenat Diagn 2021; 41:1101-1110. [PMID: 34270813 DOI: 10.1002/pd.6011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2021] [Revised: 05/25/2021] [Accepted: 06/27/2021] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
AIMS To investigate whether second trimester maternal serum screening (2TMSS) biomarkers are associated with cerebral palsy (CP) and identify CP characteristics associated with abnormal biomarker levels. METHOD In this retrospective case-control data linkage study, we linked mothers of 129 singleton CP cases from a population register to their 2TMSS records and selected 10 singleton pregnancy controls per case (n = 1290). We compared mean and abnormal levels of alpha-fetoprotein (AFP), beta subunit of human chorionic gonadotrophin (β-hCG), unconjugated estriol (uE3), and inhibin between cases and controls and within CP subgroups. RESULTS Compared to control pregnancies, CP pregnancies had higher mean levels of AFP (1.10 vs. 1.01 multiple of the population median [MoM], p = 0.01) and inhibin (1.10 vs. 0.98 MoM, p ≤ 0.01). CP pregnancies were 2.5 times more likely to be associated with high levels of AFP (OR 2.52 [95% confidence interval [CI] 1.30, 4.65]; p < 0.01) and 2.6 times for inhibin (OR 2.63 [95% CI 1.37, 4.77]; p < 0.01), and 6.8 times when AFP and inhibin were both elevated (OR 6.75 [95% CI 2.41, 18.94]; p < 0.01). In CP cases, high AFP and high inhibin levels were associated with preterm birth and low birthweight. INTERPRETATION Abnormal second-trimester biomarker levels suggest abnormal placentation plays a role in the causal pathway of some CP cases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Monique Peris
- Neurodisability and Rehabilitation, Murdoch Children's Research Institute, Melbourne, Australia.,Department of Paediatrics, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia.,Neurodevelopment and Disability, Royal Children's Hospital, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Susan M Reid
- Neurodisability and Rehabilitation, Murdoch Children's Research Institute, Melbourne, Australia.,Department of Paediatrics, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia.,Neurodevelopment and Disability, Royal Children's Hospital, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Stephen Dobie
- Victorian Clinical Genetics Services, Melbourne, Australia
| | | | - Daisy A Shepherd
- Neurodisability and Rehabilitation, Murdoch Children's Research Institute, Melbourne, Australia.,Department of Paediatrics, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia
| | - David J Amor
- Neurodisability and Rehabilitation, Murdoch Children's Research Institute, Melbourne, Australia.,Department of Paediatrics, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia.,Neurodevelopment and Disability, Royal Children's Hospital, Melbourne, Australia.,Victorian Clinical Genetics Services, Melbourne, Australia
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Fedorka CE, Ball BA, Wynn MAA, McCormick ME, Scoggin KE, Esteller-Vico A, Curry TE, Kennedy LA, Squires EL, Troedsson MHT. Alterations of Circulating Biomarkers During Late Term Pregnancy Complications in the Horse Part II: Steroid Hormones and Alpha-Fetoprotein. J Equine Vet Sci 2021; 99:103395. [PMID: 33781417 DOI: 10.1016/j.jevs.2021.103395] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2020] [Revised: 01/22/2021] [Accepted: 01/22/2021] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Preterm labor and/or abortion causes considerable economic impact on the equine industry. Unfortunately, few experimental models exist for the induction of various pregnancy-related complications, and therefore extrapolations are made from the experimental model for ascending placentits, although inferences may be minimal. Certain steroid hormones (progestogens, estrogens) and fetal proteins (alpha-fetoprotein; AFP) might improve the diagnostics for abnormal pregnancy, but the utility of these markers in the field is unknown. To assess this, thoroughbred mares (n = 702) were bled weekly beginning in December 2013 until parturition/abortion. Following parturition, fetal membranes were assessed histopathologically and classified as either ascending placentitis (n = 6), focal mucoid placentitis (n = 6), idiopathic abortion (n = 6) or no disease (n = 20). Weekly serum samples were analyzed for concentrations of progesterone, estradiol-17β, and AFP. Samples were analyzed retrospectively from the week of parturition/abortion in addition to the preceding four weeks. For both ascending and focal mucoid placentitis, a significant increase in progesterone and AFP was noted, alongside a significant decrease in estradiol-17β and the ratio of estradiol-17β to progesterone in comparison to controls. In contrast, idiopathic abortions experienced a decrease in progesterone concentrations alongside an increase in AFP, and this was only noted in the week preceding parturition/abortion. In conclusion, spontaneous placental infection in the horse altered both endocrine and feto-secretory markers in maternal circulation, while minimal changes were noted preceding noninfectious idiopathic abortion. Additionally, this is the first study to report an alteration in steroid hormones and AFP during the disease process of focal mucoid placentitis, the etiology of which includes Nocardioform placentitis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carleigh E Fedorka
- Department of Veterinary Sciences, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY
| | - Barry A Ball
- Department of Veterinary Sciences, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY.
| | - Michelle A A Wynn
- Department of Veterinary Sciences, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY
| | - Meghan E McCormick
- Rhode Island College, College of Nursing, Providence, RI; Rhode Island Department of Health, Providence, RI
| | - Kirsten E Scoggin
- Department of Veterinary Sciences, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY
| | | | - Thomas E Curry
- University of Kentucky, College of Medicine, Lexington, KY
| | - Laura A Kennedy
- Department of Veterinary Sciences, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY
| | - Edward L Squires
- Department of Veterinary Sciences, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY
| | - Mats H T Troedsson
- Department of Veterinary Sciences, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY
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Koehn LM, Huang Y, Habgood MD, Kysenius K, Crouch PJ, Dziegielewska KM, Saunders NR. Effects of paracetamol (acetaminophen) on gene expression and permeability properties of the rat placenta and fetal brain. F1000Res 2020; 9:573. [PMID: 32934805 PMCID: PMC7477648 DOI: 10.12688/f1000research.24119.1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 05/27/2020] [Indexed: 03/30/2024] Open
Abstract
Background: Paracetamol (acetaminophen) is widely used in pregnancy and generally regarded as "safe" by regulatory authorities. Methods: Clinically relevant doses of paracetamol were administered intraperitoneally to pregnant rats twice daily from embryonic day E15 to 19 (chronic) or as a single dose at E19 (acute). Control samples were from un-treated age-matched animals. At E19, rats were anaesthetised, administered a final paracetamol dose, uteruses were opened and fetuses exposed for sample collection. For RNA sequencing, placentas and fetal brains were removed and flash frozen. Fetal and maternal plasma and cerebrospinal fluid were assayed for ⍺-fetoprotein and interleukin 1β (IL1β). Brains were fixed and examined (immunohistochemistry) for plasma protein distribution. Placental permeability to a small molecule ( 14C-sucrose) was tested by injection into either mother or individual fetuses; fetal and maternal blood was sampled at regular intervals to 90 minutes. Results: RNA sequencing revealed a large number of genes up- or down-regulated in placentas from acutely or chronically treated animals compared to controls. Most notable was down-regulation of three acute phase plasma proteins (⍺-fetoprotein, transferrin, transthyretin) in acute and especially chronic experiments and marked up-regulation of immune-related genes, particularly cytokines, again especially in chronically treated dams. IL1β increased in plasma of most fetuses from treated dams but to variable levels and no IL1β was detectable in plasma of control fetuses or any of the dams. Increased placental permeability appeared to be only from fetus to mother for both 14C-sucrose and ⍺-fetoprotein, but not in the reverse direction. In the fetal brain, gene regulatory changes were less prominent than in the placenta of treated fetuses and did not involve inflammatory-related genes; there was no evidence of increased blood-brain barrier permeability. Conclusion: Results suggest that paracetamol may induce an immune-inflammatory-like response in placenta and more caution should be exercised in use of paracetamol in pregnancy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liam M. Koehn
- Pharmacology & Therapeutics, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, 3010, Australia
| | - Yifan Huang
- Pharmacology & Therapeutics, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, 3010, Australia
| | - Mark D Habgood
- Pharmacology & Therapeutics, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, 3010, Australia
| | - Kai Kysenius
- Pharmacology & Therapeutics, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, 3010, Australia
| | - Peter J. Crouch
- Pharmacology & Therapeutics, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, 3010, Australia
| | | | - Norman R Saunders
- Pharmacology & Therapeutics, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, 3010, Australia
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Koehn LM, Huang Y, Habgood MD, Kysenius K, Crouch PJ, Dziegielewska KM, Saunders NR. Effects of paracetamol (acetaminophen) on gene expression and permeability properties of the rat placenta and fetal brain. F1000Res 2020; 9:573. [PMID: 32934805 PMCID: PMC7477648 DOI: 10.12688/f1000research.24119.2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 08/12/2020] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Background: Paracetamol (acetaminophen) is widely used in pregnancy and generally regarded as "safe" by regulatory authorities. Methods: Clinically relevant doses of paracetamol were administered intraperitoneally to pregnant rats twice daily from embryonic day E15 to 19 (chronic) or as a single dose at E19 (acute). Control samples were from un-treated age-matched animals. At E19, rats were anaesthetised, administered a final paracetamol dose, uteruses were opened and fetuses exposed for sample collection. For RNA sequencing, placentas and fetal brains were removed and flash frozen. Fetal and maternal plasma and cerebrospinal fluid were assayed for α-fetoprotein and interleukin 1β (IL1β). Brains were fixed and examined (immunohistochemistry) for plasma protein distribution. Placental permeability to a small molecule ( 14C-sucrose) was tested by injection into either mother or individual fetuses; fetal and maternal blood was sampled at regular intervals to 90 minutes. Results: RNA sequencing revealed a large number of genes up- or down-regulated in placentas from acutely or chronically treated animals compared to controls. Most notable was down-regulation of three acute phase plasma proteins (α-fetoprotein, transferrin, transthyretin) in acute and especially chronic experiments and marked up-regulation of immune-related genes, particularly cytokines, again especially in chronically treated dams. IL1β increased in plasma of most fetuses from treated dams but to variable levels and no IL1β was detectable in plasma of control fetuses or any of the dams. Increased placental permeability appeared to be only from fetus to mother for both 14C-sucrose and α-fetoprotein, but not in the reverse direction. In the fetal brain, gene regulatory changes were less prominent than in the placenta of treated fetuses and did not involve inflammatory-related genes; there was no evidence of increased blood-brain barrier permeability. Conclusion: Results suggest that paracetamol may induce an immune-inflammatory-like response in placenta and more caution should be exercised in use of paracetamol in pregnancy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liam M. Koehn
- Pharmacology & Therapeutics, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, 3010, Australia
| | - Yifan Huang
- Pharmacology & Therapeutics, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, 3010, Australia
| | - Mark D Habgood
- Pharmacology & Therapeutics, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, 3010, Australia
| | - Kai Kysenius
- Pharmacology & Therapeutics, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, 3010, Australia
| | - Peter J. Crouch
- Pharmacology & Therapeutics, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, 3010, Australia
| | | | - Norman R Saunders
- Pharmacology & Therapeutics, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, 3010, Australia
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Farias JS, Santos KM, Lima NK, Cabral EV, Aires RS, Veras AC, Paixão AD, Vieira LD. Maternal endotoxemia induces renal collagen deposition in adult offspring: Role of NADPH oxidase/TGF-β1/MMP-2 signaling pathway. Arch Biochem Biophys 2020; 684:108306. [DOI: 10.1016/j.abb.2020.108306] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2019] [Revised: 02/13/2020] [Accepted: 02/16/2020] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
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Hu J, Zhang J, He G, Zhu S, Tang X, Su J, Li Q, Kong Y, Zhu B. First-trimester maternal serum alpha-fetoprotein is not a good predictor for adverse pregnancy outcomes: a retrospective study of 3325 cases. BMC Pregnancy Childbirth 2020; 20:104. [PMID: 32050927 PMCID: PMC7017534 DOI: 10.1186/s12884-020-2789-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2019] [Accepted: 02/04/2020] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Background It is well known that second-trimester maternal serum alpha-fetoprotein (MS-AFP) is a predictor for adverse pregnancy outcomes (APOs), such as preterm birth, stillbirth, preeclampsia and small for gestational age (SGA). However, it is unknown whether first-trimester MS-AFP is also predictive of APOs. Methods We retrospectively reviewed the data on the first-trimester MS-AFP levels and pregnancy outcomes of 3325 singleton pregnant women. The cutoff value of 2.5 multiple of the median (MoM) was used to evaluate the risks of APOs regarding MS-AFP. The receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curves were used to evaluate the predictive efficiencies of MS-AFP to these disorders. Results A total of 181 pregnancies resulted in preterm birth, 32 in stillbirth, 81 in preeclampsia, and 362 in SGA. Compared to women with MS-AFP < 2.5MoM, those with MS-AFP ≥ 2.5MoM had increased risks (odds ratio, 95% confidence interval) of preterm birth (2.53, 1.65~3.88), preeclampsia (3.05, 1.71~5.43) and SGA (1.90, 1.34~2.69), and had an earlier distribution of gestational weeks at delivery (P = 0.004) and a lower distribution of neonatal birth weights (P = 0.000), but the actual between-group differences were minuscule. The areas under ROC curves were 0.572 (P = 0.001), 0.579 (P = 0.015) and 0.565 (P = 0.000) for preterm birth, preeclampsia and SGA, respectively. Subdivisions for the disorders did not obviously improve the performances of MS-AFP. Conclusions Elevated first-trimester MS-AFP is associated with increased risk of preterm birth, preeclampsia and SGA. However, the predictive efficiencies were low and it is not a good predictor for these APOs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jilin Hu
- National Health Commission Key Laboratory of Periconception Health Birth in Western China, Yunnan Provincial Clinical Medicine Research Center for Birth Defects and Rare Diseases, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, the First People's Hospital of Yunnan Province, No. 157, Jinbi Road, Xishan District, Kunming, Yunnan Province, 650032, People's Republic of China
| | - Jinman Zhang
- National Health Commission Key Laboratory of Periconception Health Birth in Western China, Yunnan Provincial Clinical Medicine Research Center for Birth Defects and Rare Diseases, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, the First People's Hospital of Yunnan Province, No. 157, Jinbi Road, Xishan District, Kunming, Yunnan Province, 650032, People's Republic of China
| | - Guilin He
- National Health Commission Key Laboratory of Periconception Health Birth in Western China, Yunnan Provincial Clinical Medicine Research Center for Birth Defects and Rare Diseases, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, the First People's Hospital of Yunnan Province, No. 157, Jinbi Road, Xishan District, Kunming, Yunnan Province, 650032, People's Republic of China
| | - Shu Zhu
- National Health Commission Key Laboratory of Periconception Health Birth in Western China, Yunnan Provincial Clinical Medicine Research Center for Birth Defects and Rare Diseases, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, the First People's Hospital of Yunnan Province, No. 157, Jinbi Road, Xishan District, Kunming, Yunnan Province, 650032, People's Republic of China
| | - Xinhua Tang
- National Health Commission Key Laboratory of Periconception Health Birth in Western China, Yunnan Provincial Clinical Medicine Research Center for Birth Defects and Rare Diseases, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, the First People's Hospital of Yunnan Province, No. 157, Jinbi Road, Xishan District, Kunming, Yunnan Province, 650032, People's Republic of China
| | - Jie Su
- National Health Commission Key Laboratory of Periconception Health Birth in Western China, Yunnan Provincial Clinical Medicine Research Center for Birth Defects and Rare Diseases, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, the First People's Hospital of Yunnan Province, No. 157, Jinbi Road, Xishan District, Kunming, Yunnan Province, 650032, People's Republic of China
| | - Qian Li
- National Health Commission Key Laboratory of Periconception Health Birth in Western China, Yunnan Provincial Clinical Medicine Research Center for Birth Defects and Rare Diseases, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, the First People's Hospital of Yunnan Province, No. 157, Jinbi Road, Xishan District, Kunming, Yunnan Province, 650032, People's Republic of China
| | - Yamin Kong
- National Health Commission Key Laboratory of Periconception Health Birth in Western China, Yunnan Provincial Clinical Medicine Research Center for Birth Defects and Rare Diseases, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, the First People's Hospital of Yunnan Province, No. 157, Jinbi Road, Xishan District, Kunming, Yunnan Province, 650032, People's Republic of China
| | - Baosheng Zhu
- National Health Commission Key Laboratory of Periconception Health Birth in Western China, Yunnan Provincial Clinical Medicine Research Center for Birth Defects and Rare Diseases, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, the First People's Hospital of Yunnan Province, No. 157, Jinbi Road, Xishan District, Kunming, Yunnan Province, 650032, People's Republic of China.
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