Diabetes risk reduction diet and risk of liver cancer and chronic liver disease mortality: A prospective cohort study

Diabetes-Related Dietary Patterns and Endometrial Cancer Risk and Survival in the European Prospective Investigation into Cancer and Nutrition Study

BACKGROUND/OBJECTIVES

Endometrial cancer (EC)'s major risk factors include obesity and diabetes, both strongly related with lifestyle choices and dietary factors. Our study aimed to evaluate the relationship between diabetes-related dietary patterns, EC risk, and survival in a population of middle-aged European women.

METHODS

A total of 285,418 female participants from the European Prospective Investigation into Cancer and Nutrition (EPIC) study were included in the analysis. After a mean time of 10.6 years of follow-up, 1955 incident EC cases were registered; of those, 133 women died from EC. The Empirical Dietary Index for Insulin Resistance (EDIR), the Empirical Dietary Index for Hyperinsulinemia (EDIH), and the Diabetes Risk Reduction Diet (DRRD), were estimated from dietary information collected at baseline from EPIC participants. Cox proportional hazards regression models were used to evaluate the association between the dietary patterns and EC risk, using hazard ratios (HR), 95% confidence intervals (CI), and adjusting for relevant confounders. Cox and Fine-Gray models were used to assess the association with overall and EC-specific mortality, respectively.

RESULTS

Higher adherence to EDIR was associated with an increased risk of EC, multivariable HR for T3vsT1 were 1.17 (95% CI = 1.04 to1.31). However, when BMI was included in the models, these associations became weaker and no longer statistically significant. No associations were observed in relation to adherence to EDIH, DRRD, and EC risk. No associations were found in relation to diabetes-related dietary patterns and mortality.

CONCLUSIONS

This study highlights the potential role of diabetes related dietary patterns and EC etiology and prevention. Further studies are warranted to better understand the role of etiology-derived dietary patterns and disease prevention and prognosis.

Association of dietary intake with cancer of the digestive system: a cross-sectional study

Background

In recent years, the incidence of cancers of the digestive system has been increasing, posing a severe threat to the lives and health of people around the world, and has become one of the leading causes of cancer deaths worldwide. The three most common cancers of the digestive system include gastric, colorectal, and liver cancers, and attention has been paid to the role of diet in the progression of these cancers. However, the relationship between dietary factors and cancers of the digestive system remains to be investigated.

Methods

This study included 30,789 adults aged 20 years or older from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES), conducted from 2007 to 2018. It assessed the association between 30 dietary factors and digestive system cancers. Descriptive analysis was used to explore the demographic characteristics of the participants and p-values were calculated using a weighted linear regression model. Categorical variables were described as percentages, and p-values were calculated using weighted chi-square tests.

Results

We found that protein, vitamin B1, calcium, and iron intake were positively associated with colorectal cancer; vitamin B2 and phosphorus intake were negatively related to colorectal cancer; dietary folate and vitamin B12 intake were negatively associated with gastric cancer; vitamin D and copper intake were positively associated with gastric cancer; vitamin E intake was negatively related to the development of hepatocellular carcinoma; and lycopene, vitamin B2, calcium, iron, and zinc intake was positively associated with the development of liver cancer. Other than that, we did not observe any correlation between other dietary factors and cancers of the digestive system.

Conclusion

Dietary intake is associated with digestive system cancers, and more epidemiologic studies are needed to validate our results.