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Stefenon L, Boasquevisque M, Garcez AS, de Araújo VC, Soares AB, Santos-Silva AR, Sperandio F, Brod JMM, Sperandio M. Autophagy upregulation may explain inhibition of oral carcinoma in situ by photobiomodulation in vitro. JOURNAL OF PHOTOCHEMISTRY AND PHOTOBIOLOGY B-BIOLOGY 2021; 221:112245. [PMID: 34182186 DOI: 10.1016/j.jphotobiol.2021.112245] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2020] [Revised: 05/24/2021] [Accepted: 06/16/2021] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Abstract
There is currently no clear understanding on the pathways involved in the process of cell inhibition by photobiomodulation (PBM). The present study evaluated the influence of PBM on the expression of autophagy markers in vitro in an in situ model of oral carcinoma. Oral squamous cell carcinoma (Cal27) and stromal fibroblasts (FG) cultures were used. The independent variables were 'cell type' (FG and CAL27) 'culture condition' (monocultures or co-cultures) and PBM (placebo and 36 J/cm2). The cultures were irradiated from a red LED source for mRNA expression and protein expression analyses. The autophagy markers evaluated were Beclin-1, LC3B and p62 as well as adjuvant markers (BAX Bcl-2, VEGF, CD105, CD34, PRDX1, PRDX4 and GRP78). The Cal27 cells upregulated the autophagy markers upon exposure to PBM both at the mRNA and protein expression levels, providing evidence to explain malignant cell inhibition by PBM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Letícia Stefenon
- Faculdade Especializada na Áreas de Saúde do Rio Grande do Sul, Passo Fundo, RS, Brazil
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Felipe Sperandio
- Oral Medicine Oral Pathology Resident - Faculty of Dentistry, University of British Columbia, 2199 Wesbrook Mall, Vancouver, BC V6T 1Z3, Canada
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Gissi DB, Gabusi A, Tarsitano A, Asioli S, Rossi R, Marchetti C, Montebugnoli L, Foschini MP, Morandi L. Application of a non-invasive oral brushing procedure based on bisulfite sequencing of a 13-gene panel to study high-risk OSCC patients. Cancer Biomark 2021; 28:499-510. [PMID: 32568174 DOI: 10.3233/cbm-190422] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND A non-invasive sampling procedure for the early detection of Oral Squamous Cell Carcinoma (OSCC) based on DNA methylation analysis of a panel of 13 genes was applied in 4 different OSCC risk-group of patients. Aim of the study is to evaluate the between-group differences and the variables related to the methylation profile of each group. METHODS Oral brushing samples were collected from 54 healthy subjects, 31 Oral Leukoplakia (OL) patients, 18 Oral Lichen Planus (OLP) patients and 26 patients previously treated for OSCC. Each sample was considered positive or negative in relation to a predefined cut-off value. RESULTS None of the samples from 54 healthy subjects were positive, whereas 22/31 OL, 3/18 OLP and 8/26 surgically treated OSCC samples showed positive values with respect to the cut-off. In OL patients, dysplasia was the only variable significantly related to positive values: 10/10 OLs with high-grade dysplasia were positive with respect to 12/21 OLs without dysplasia (Chi 6.039, p< 0.05). CONCLUSION DNA methylation analysis in epithelial cells collected by oral brushing seems to be a promising genetic method to distinguish lesions at high risk of developing OSCC. Larger population studies and an adequate follow-up period are necessary to confirm these preliminary data.
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Affiliation(s)
- Davide B Gissi
- Department of Biomedical and Neuromotor Sciences, Section of Oral Sciences, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Andrea Gabusi
- Department of Biomedical and Neuromotor Sciences, Section of Oral Sciences, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Achille Tarsitano
- Department of Biomedical and Neuromotor Sciences, University of Bologna, Section of Maxillo-facial Surgery at Policlinico S. Orsola-Malpighi, Bologna, Italy
| | - Sofia Asioli
- Department of Biomedical and Neuromotor Sciences, Section of Anatomic Pathology at Bellaria Hospital, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Roberto Rossi
- Department of Biomedical and Neuromotor Sciences, Section of Oral Sciences, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Claudio Marchetti
- Department of Biomedical and Neuromotor Sciences, University of Bologna, Section of Maxillo-facial Surgery at Policlinico S. Orsola-Malpighi, Bologna, Italy
| | - Lucio Montebugnoli
- Department of Biomedical and Neuromotor Sciences, Section of Oral Sciences, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Maria P Foschini
- Department of Biomedical and Neuromotor Sciences, Section of Anatomic Pathology at Bellaria Hospital, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Luca Morandi
- Department of Biomedical and Neuromotor Sciences, Functional MR Unit, IRCCS Istituto Delle Scienze Neurologiche di Bologna, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
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Velleuer E, Dietrich R, Pomjanski N, de Santana Almeida Araujo IK, Silva de Araujo BE, Sroka I, Biesterfeld S, Böcking A, Schramm M. Diagnostic accuracy of brush biopsy-based cytology for the early detection of oral cancer and precursors in Fanconi anemia. Cancer Cytopathol 2020; 128:403-413. [PMID: 32022466 DOI: 10.1002/cncy.22249] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2019] [Revised: 12/14/2019] [Accepted: 01/06/2020] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Individuals with Fanconi anemia (FA) have a 500-fold to 700-fold elevated risk, much earlier onset, and limited therapeutic options for oral squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) compared with the general population. The early detection of SCC, or preferably its precursors, is mandatory to retain curative therapeutic options. Due to frequent synchronic and metachronic oral lesions, tissue biopsies, as usually recommended by guidelines, often are not feasible. In the current study, an alternative strategy for early detection using oral brush biopsy-based cytology was validated regarding its diagnostic accuracy. METHODS Over a 12-year period, the oral cavities of a large cohort of 713 individuals with FA were inspected systematically and brush biopsy-based cytology of 1233 visible oral lesions was performed. In cases of inconclusive cytology, analysis of DNA ploidy was performed whenever possible. The results were correlated to a long-term clinicopathological follow-up reference standard. RESULTS A total of 737 lesions were suitable for statistical analysis, including 86 lesions with at least high-grade oral epithelial dysplasia in 30 patients. For cytology, the sensitivity and specificity were 97.7% and 84.5%, respectively. Additional analysis of DNA ploidy increased the sensitivity and specificity to 100% and 92.2%, respectively. CONCLUSIONS Careful inspection of the oral cavity of individuals with FA followed by brush biopsy-based cytology appears to identify visible oral, potentially malignant and malignant lesions that warrant treatment. Approximately 63% of SCC and precursor lesions are detected at a noninvasive or early stage. Negative cytology or a lack of DNA aneuploidy can exclude high-grade oral epithelial dysplasia or SCC with high accuracy and thus reduce the need for invasive diagnostic biopsies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eunike Velleuer
- Department of Cytopathology, Institute of Pathology, Heinrich Heine University, Düsseldorf, Germany.,Mary of the Apostles Children's Hospital Neuwerk, Mönchengladbach, Germany
| | - Ralf Dietrich
- German Fanconi Anemia Support Group, Eschau, Germany
| | - Natalia Pomjanski
- Department of Cytopathology, Institute of Pathology, Heinrich Heine University, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | | | | | - Isis Sroka
- Fanconi Anemia Research Fund, Eugene, Oregon
| | - Stefan Biesterfeld
- Department of Cytopathology, Institute of Pathology, Heinrich Heine University, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Alfred Böcking
- Department of Cytopathology, Institute of Pathology, Heinrich Heine University, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Martin Schramm
- Department of Cytopathology, Institute of Pathology, Heinrich Heine University, Düsseldorf, Germany
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Sumi S, Umemura N, Adachi M, Ohta T, Naganawa K, Kawaki H, Takayama E, Kondoh N, Sumitomo S. The luminance ratio of autofluorescence in a xenograft mouse model is stable through tumor growth stages. Clin Exp Dent Res 2018; 4:174-181. [PMID: 30386639 PMCID: PMC6203828 DOI: 10.1002/cre2.126] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2018] [Revised: 07/11/2018] [Accepted: 07/13/2018] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
The aim of this research was to investigate the value of autofluorescence imaging of oral cancer across different stages of tumor growth, to assist in detecting tumors. A xenograft mouse model was created with human oral squamous cell carcinoma cell line HSC-3 being subcutaneously inoculated into nude mice. Tumor imaging was performed with an autofluorescence imaging method (Illumiscan®) using the luminance ratio, which was defined as the luminance of the tumor site over the luminance of normal skin tissue normalized to a value of 1.0. This luminance ratio was continuously observed postinoculation. Tumor and normal skin tissues were harvested, and differences in the concentrations of flavin adenine dinucleotide and nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide were examined. The luminance ratio of the tumor sites was 0.85 ± 0.05, and there was no significant change in the ratio over time, even if the tumor proliferated and expanded. Furthermore, flavin adenine dinucleotide and nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide were significantly lower in tumor tissue than in normal skin tissue. A luminance ratio under 0.90 indicates a high possibility of tumor, irrespective of the tumor growth stage. However, this cutoff value was determined using a xenograft mouse model and therefore requires further validation before being used in clinical diagnosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shigeki Sumi
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial SurgeryAsahi University School of DentistryJapan
| | - Naoki Umemura
- Department of Oral BiochemistryAsahi University School of DentistryJapan
| | - Makoto Adachi
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial SurgeryAsahi University School of DentistryJapan
| | - Takahisa Ohta
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial SurgeryAsahi University School of DentistryJapan
| | - Kosuke Naganawa
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial SurgeryAsahi University School of DentistryJapan
| | - Harumi Kawaki
- Department of Oral BiochemistryAsahi University School of DentistryJapan
| | - Eiji Takayama
- Department of Oral BiochemistryAsahi University School of DentistryJapan
| | - Nobuo Kondoh
- Department of Oral BiochemistryAsahi University School of DentistryJapan
| | - Shinichiro Sumitomo
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial SurgeryAsahi University School of DentistryJapan
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Pentenero M, Val M, Rosso S, Gandolfo S. Microbiopsy a first-level diagnostic test to rule out oral dysplasia or carcinoma in general dental practice. Oral Dis 2018; 24:109-111. [PMID: 29480597 DOI: 10.1111/odi.12735] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2017] [Accepted: 08/09/2017] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Diagnostic delay in oral oncology could be improved if general dentists had a reliable and easy-to-use first-level diagnostic test to rule out the presence of oral dysplasia or carcinoma. Microbiopsy has been proved to have high sensitivity and high negative predictive value in a clinical setting characterized by high prevalence of disease. Moreover, it has been proved to be easily performed by general dentists. This study aimed to determine the negative predictive value of microbiopsy in routine dental practice: a clinical setting characterized by low prevalence of disease. METHODS Within the frame of a previous study, general dentists from the Metropolitan Area of Turin performed microbiopsy for each oral mucosal lesion detected during their practice. The clinical outcome of 129 lesions negative at microbiopsy was checked by a query performed through the database of the Piedmont Cancer Registry, covering the population of the Metropolitan Area of Turin, with particular reference to cancer involving the mouth (ICD-10:C03-06). This allowed us to define "true negative" cases and to calculate the negative predictive value of microbiopsy. RESULTS In a mean follow-up of 7.5 years (range 7-9 years), with a dropout rate of 7.7%, no case of tumour involving the mouth was observed, thus revealing a negative predictive value approaching 100%. CONCLUSIONS Microbiopsy represents an easy-to-use and reliable first-level test able to aid general dentists to select patients requiring an oral medicine assessment in a short time and definitely to avoid diagnostic delay in oncologically relevant oral mucosal lesions.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Pentenero
- Department of Oncology, Oral Medicine and Oral Oncology Unit, University of Turin, Orbassano, Italy
| | - M Val
- Department of Oncology, Oral Medicine and Oral Oncology Unit, University of Turin, Orbassano, Italy
| | - S Rosso
- Piedmont Cancer Registry, Centre for Epidemiology and Prevention in Oncology in Piedmont, Turin, Italy
| | - S Gandolfo
- Department of Oncology, Oral Medicine and Oral Oncology Unit, University of Turin, Orbassano, Italy
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Varoni E, Decani S, Franchini R, Baruzzi E, Lodi G. Macchie bianche o leucoplachia? Quando preoccuparsi? DENTAL CADMOS 2014. [DOI: 10.1016/s0011-8524(14)70229-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
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