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Expression of Nitric Oxide Synthase and Nitric Oxide Levels in Peripheral Blood Cells and Oxidized Low-Density Lipoprotein Levels in Saliva as Early Markers of Severe Dengue. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2021; 2021:6650596. [PMID: 33628800 PMCID: PMC7889359 DOI: 10.1155/2021/6650596] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2020] [Revised: 01/25/2021] [Accepted: 01/30/2021] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Background Severe dengue (SD), experienced by only a fraction of dengue patients, can be lethal. Due to the lack of early markers that can predict the evolution of SD, all dengue patients have to be monitored under hospital care. We discovered early oxidative stress markers of SD to identify patients who can benefit from early intervention before the symptoms appear. Methods The expression of inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) in peripheral blood cells (PBC), nitric oxide (NO), and oxidized low-density lipoprotein (oxLDL) levels in plasma and saliva collected at early stages of dengue infection from 20 nonsevere dengue fever (DF) patients and 20 patients who later developed SD were analyzed in a retrospective nested case-control study. Results The expression of iNOS is significantly (P < 0.05) lower in patients who developed SD than in DF patients at admission within 4 days from fever onset. Median plasma NO concentration within 4 days from fever onset is also significantly (P < 0.05) lower in patients who developed SD (17.9 ± 1.6 μmol/L) than DF (23.0 ± 2.1 μmol/L). Median oxLDL levels in plasma within 3 days from fever onset is significantly (P < 0.05) lower in patients who developed SD (509.4 ± 224.1 ng/mL) than DF (740.0 ± 300.0 ng/mL). Median salivary oxLDL levels are also significantly (P < 0.05) lower in patients who developed SD (0.8 ± 0.5 ng/mL) than DF (3.6 ± 2.6 ng/mL) within 4 days from fever onset. Conclusions These findings suggest that the expression of iNOS (73% sensitivity, 86% specificity) and plasma NO (96% sensitivity, 61% specificity at 22.3 μmol/L; P < 0.05) may serve as early markers of SD within 3 days from fever onset. Salivary oxLDL levels may serve as early noninvasive markers of SD with a sensitivity and specificity, respectively, of 57% and 91% at 0.9 ng/mL; 76% and 55% at 2.3 ng/mL; and 100% and 50% at 4.6 ng/mL (P < 0.05) within 4 days from fever onset.
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Araujo DS, Scudine KGDO, Pedroni-Pereira A, Gavião MBD, Pereira EC, Fonseca FLA, Castelo PM. Salivary uric acid is a predictive marker of body fat percentage in adolescents. Nutr Res 2019; 74:62-70. [PMID: 31954275 DOI: 10.1016/j.nutres.2019.11.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2019] [Revised: 09/10/2019] [Accepted: 11/22/2019] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
As saliva showed to be a noninvasive source of markers useful to monitor clinical status, the hypothesis tested was that saliva may provide reliable markers able to predict the body fat accumulation in young subjects. The salivary characteristics of 248 adolescent scholars (119 girls; 14-17 years) of flow rate, pH, phosphorus, urea, and calcium concentrations were assessed in stimulated saliva (colorimetric automated technique). The concentrations of cholesterol, 7-ketocholesterol, 25-hydroxyvitamin D2 and D3, and uric acid (UA) were measured with high-performance liquid chromatography in saliva collected at home (12-hour fast). Physical examination included height, weight, and body fat percentage (%BF) measured using bioelectric impedance to classify groups in below/above the %BF cutoff. Data were evaluated using 2-way analysis of variance and multiple linear regression. No significant difference was found in the levels of 25-hydroxyvitamin D2 and D3, cholesterol, 7-ketocholesterol, phosphorus, calcium, and urea between groups above and below %BF cutoff, and the variation in salivary flow was small. Significant sex and group effects were observed for salivary UA, which was increased in adolecents with higher %BF and in males (compared to females), without sex group interaction (power = 99.8%). Sex showed a significant effect on salivary urea, with lower levels in females. A predictive model was obtained, with salivary UA and sex explaining the variation of %BF (P < .001; power = 84%). Salivary UA showed to be an important marker of body fat accumulation in adolescents, demonstrating the clinical relevance of saliva to detect early changes and to monitor the nutritional status using a noninvasive and accurate method.
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Affiliation(s)
- Darlle Santos Araujo
- Department of Pediatric Dentistry, Universidade Estadual de Campinas (UNICAMP), Av Limeira, 901, Piracicaba 13414-903, SP, Brazil
| | - Kelly Guedes de Oliveira Scudine
- Department of Pediatric Dentistry, Universidade Estadual de Campinas (UNICAMP), Av Limeira, 901, Piracicaba 13414-903, SP, Brazil
| | - Aline Pedroni-Pereira
- Department of Pediatric Dentistry, Universidade Estadual de Campinas (UNICAMP), Av Limeira, 901, Piracicaba 13414-903, SP, Brazil
| | - Maria Beatriz Duarte Gavião
- Department of Pediatric Dentistry, Universidade Estadual de Campinas (UNICAMP), Av Limeira, 901, Piracicaba 13414-903, SP, Brazil
| | - Edimar Cristiano Pereira
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Universidade Federal de São Paulo (UNIFESP), R São Nicolau, 210, Diadema 09913-030, SP, Brazil
| | - Fernando Luiz Affonso Fonseca
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Universidade Federal de São Paulo (UNIFESP), R São Nicolau, 210, Diadema 09913-030, SP, Brazil
| | - Paula Midori Castelo
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Universidade Federal de São Paulo (UNIFESP), R São Nicolau, 210, Diadema 09913-030, SP, Brazil.
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Akhi R, Wang C, Nissinen AE, Kankaanpää J, Bloigu R, Paju S, Mäntylä P, Buhlin K, Sinisalo J, Pussinen PJ, Hörkkö S. Salivary IgA to MAA-LDL and Oral Pathogens Are Linked to Coronary Disease. J Dent Res 2019; 98:296-303. [PMID: 30669938 DOI: 10.1177/0022034518818445] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
A large body of literature has established the link between periodontal disease and cardiovascular disease. Oxidized low-density lipoproteins (OxLDLs) have a crucial role in atherosclerosis progression through initiation of immunological response. Monoclonal IgM antibodies to malondialdehyde-modified low-density lipoprotein (MDA-LDL) and to malondialdehyde acetaldehyde-modified low-density lipoprotein (MAA-LDL) have been shown to cross-react with the key virulence factors of periodontal pathogens Porphyromonas gingivalis and Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans. We have previously shown that salivary IgA antibodies to MAA-LDL cross-react with P. gingivalis in healthy humans. In this study, we aim to assess whether oral mucosal immune response represented by salivary IgA to MAA-LDL and oral pathogens is associated with coronary artery disease (CAD). Also, the molecular mimicry through antibody cross-reaction between salivary IgA to MAA-LDL and oral pathogens was evaluated. The study subjects consisted of 451 patients who underwent a coronary angiography with no CAD ( n = 133), stable CAD ( n = 169), and acute coronary syndrome (ACS, n = 149). Elevated salivary IgA antibody levels to MAA-LDL, Rgp44 (gingipain A hemagglutinin domain of P. gingivalis), and Aa-HSP60 (heat shock protein 60 of A. actinomycetemcomitans) were discovered in stable-CAD and ACS patients when compared to no-CAD patients. In a multinomial regression model adjusted for known cardiovascular risk factors, stable CAD and ACS were associated with IgA to MAA-LDL ( P = 0.016, P = 0.043), Rgp44 ( P = 0.012, P = 0.004), Aa-HSP60 ( P = 0.032, P = 0.030), Tannerella forsythia ( P = 0.002, P = 0.004), Porphyromonas endodontalis ( P = 0.016, P = 0.020), Prevotella intermedia ( P = 0.038, P = 0.005), and with total IgA antibody concentration ( P = 0.002, P = 0.016). Salivary IgA to MAA-LDL showed cross-reactivity with the oral pathogens tested in the study patients. The study highlights an association between salivary IgA to MAA-LDL and atherosclerosis. However, whether salivary IgA to MAA-LDL and the related oral humoral responses play a causal role in the development in the CAD should be elucidated in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- R Akhi
- 1 Medical Microbiology and Immunology, Research Unit of Biomedicine, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland.,2 Medical Research Center, Oulu University Hospital and University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland.,3 Nordlab, Oulu University Hospital, Oulu, Finland
| | - C Wang
- 1 Medical Microbiology and Immunology, Research Unit of Biomedicine, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland.,2 Medical Research Center, Oulu University Hospital and University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland.,3 Nordlab, Oulu University Hospital, Oulu, Finland
| | - A E Nissinen
- 1 Medical Microbiology and Immunology, Research Unit of Biomedicine, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland.,2 Medical Research Center, Oulu University Hospital and University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland.,3 Nordlab, Oulu University Hospital, Oulu, Finland
| | - J Kankaanpää
- 1 Medical Microbiology and Immunology, Research Unit of Biomedicine, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland.,2 Medical Research Center, Oulu University Hospital and University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland.,3 Nordlab, Oulu University Hospital, Oulu, Finland
| | - R Bloigu
- 4 Medical Informatics and Statistics Research Group Oulu, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland
| | - S Paju
- 5 Oral and Maxillofacial Diseases, University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Hospital, Helsinki, Finland
| | - P Mäntylä
- 5 Oral and Maxillofacial Diseases, University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Hospital, Helsinki, Finland.,6 Institute of Dentistry, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland.,7 Kuopio University Hospital, Oral and Maxillofacial Diseases, Kuopio, Finland
| | - K Buhlin
- 5 Oral and Maxillofacial Diseases, University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Hospital, Helsinki, Finland.,8 Division of Periodontology, Department of Dental Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Huddinge, Sweden
| | - J Sinisalo
- 9 HUCH Heart and Lung Center, Helsinki University Hospital, Helsinki, Finland
| | - P J Pussinen
- 5 Oral and Maxillofacial Diseases, University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Hospital, Helsinki, Finland
| | - S Hörkkö
- 1 Medical Microbiology and Immunology, Research Unit of Biomedicine, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland.,2 Medical Research Center, Oulu University Hospital and University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland.,3 Nordlab, Oulu University Hospital, Oulu, Finland
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Zhang J, Dong W, Meng Y, Jiang M, Zhan Z. Proteomic analysis of serum deprivation in tongue squamous cell carcinoma. Mol Med Rep 2017; 16:9323-9330. [PMID: 29039553 PMCID: PMC5779986 DOI: 10.3892/mmr.2017.7807] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2016] [Accepted: 06/06/2017] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Abstract
The occurrence of tongue squamous cell carcinoma (TSCC) is closely correlated with serum components; however, the detailed mechanism remains to be fully elucidated. Proteomic analysis contributed to the discovery of potential biomarkers and provided an insight into TSCC at a molecular level. The present study investigated the effect of serum deprivation on the Tca‑8113 TSCC cell line through protein profiling using two‑dimensional gel electrophoresis and mass spectrometry, with the aim of improving TSCC diagnosis. The results showed that the Tca‑8113 cells maintained proliferative capacity and resisted apoptosis following serum deprivation. A total of 43 proteins were upregulated and 45 were downregulated following serum deprivation for 24 h, compared with untreated controls (0 h). The upregulated caspase-7, heat shock protein 27 and Annexin A1, and the downregulated peroxiredoxin‑6 and heat shock protein 70, were selected for verification using reverse transcription‑polymerase chain reaction analysis following serum deprivation for 16 h. The results indicated that reactive oxygen species may be important in serum deprivation‑induced oxidative stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junfeng Zhang
- Discipline of Chinese and Western Integrative Medicine, School of Medicine and Life Sciences, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210023, P.R. China
| | - Wei Dong
- Discipline of Chinese and Western Integrative Medicine, School of Medicine and Life Sciences, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210023, P.R. China
| | - Yufen Meng
- Discipline of Chinese and Western Integrative Medicine, School of Medicine and Life Sciences, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210023, P.R. China
| | - Miao Jiang
- College of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210023, P.R. China
| | - Zhen Zhan
- Discipline of Chinese and Western Integrative Medicine, School of Medicine and Life Sciences, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210023, P.R. China
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Kołodziej U, Maciejczyk M, Miąsko A, Matczuk J, Knaś M, Żukowski P, Żendzian-Piotrowska M, Borys J, Zalewska A. Oxidative Modification in the Salivary Glands of High Fat-Diet Induced Insulin Resistant Rats. Front Physiol 2017; 8:20. [PMID: 28184199 PMCID: PMC5266730 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2017.00020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2016] [Accepted: 01/10/2017] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Still little is known about the role of oxidative stress (OS) in the pathogenesis of the salivary gland dysfunction in the course of insulin resistance (IR). To induce IR rats was fed with a high fat diet (HFD) during 8 weeks. Stimulated and non-stimulated salivary flow rate, total protein, as well as oxidative damage markers: 4-HNE protein adduct, 8-isoprostanes (8-isoP), 8-hydroxy-D-guanosine (8-OHdG), advanced oxidation protein product (AOPP), and protein carbonyls (PC) were determined in the plasma and submandibular and parotid glands of IR and control rats. We have shown a significant decrease (45%) of the stimulated salivary flow rate, and in the total protein concentration in the parotid (35%) and submandibular (10%) glands of HFD IR as compared to the control rats. The level of 4-HNE protein adduct (15%) and 8-isoP (20%) in the submandibular glands of IR rats as well as total level of 4-HNE protein adduct (39%), 8-isoP (27%), AOPP (25%), PC (32%), and 8-OHdG (18%) in the parotid glands of IR rats were significantly higher as compared to the control group. We showed no correlation between the assessed OS parameters in the plasma and salivary glands. However, the redox balance in both glands shifted toward the oxidative status, parotid glands of IR rats are exposed to greater intensity OS. Stimulated secretory ability and mechanisms involved in the synthesis/secretion of proteins in the salivary glands are depressed in the course of IR. Oxidative damage in the salivary glands arises independently from the general OS in the course of insulin resistance induced by a high fat diet.
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Affiliation(s)
- Urszula Kołodziej
- Department of Conservative Dentistry, Medical University Bialystok Bialystok, Poland
| | - Mateusz Maciejczyk
- Department of Physiology, Medical University of Bialystok Bialystok, Poland
| | - Agnieszka Miąsko
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Medical University of Bialystok Bialystok, Poland
| | - Jan Matczuk
- County Veterinary Inspection Bialystok, Poland
| | - Małgorzata Knaś
- Department of Health Care Higher Vocational School Suwalki, Poland
| | - Piotr Żukowski
- Department of Restorative Dentistry, Croydon University Hospital Croydon, England
| | | | - Jan Borys
- Department of Maxillofacial and Plastic Surgery, Medical University of Bialystok Bialystok, Poland
| | - Anna Zalewska
- Department of Conservative Dentistry, Medical University Bialystok Bialystok, Poland
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Mori N, Okada Y, Tsuchida N, Hatano Y, Habara M, Ishikawa S, Yamamoto I, Arai T. Preliminary Analysis of Modified Low-Density Lipoproteins in the Serum of Healthy and Obese Dogs and Cats. Front Vet Sci 2015; 2:34. [PMID: 26664963 PMCID: PMC4672184 DOI: 10.3389/fvets.2015.00034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2015] [Accepted: 08/25/2015] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Oxidized low-density lipoprotein (LDL) is thought to play an important role in the inflammatory response associated with human obesity. The purpose of this preliminary study was to determine oxidized LDL concentrations in healthy dogs and cats, and to evaluate whether obesity affects oxidized LDL concentration, using 39 cats and 19 dogs that had visited two different veterinary clinics in Japan. We hypothesized that oxidized LDL concentrations measured against body condition score (BCS) may have a potential value in evaluating the qualities of accumulated or circulating lipids in obese dogs and cats that do not show signs of metabolic diseases. The mean oxidized LDL value in BCS3 dogs (2.4 ± 0.9 μg/dl) was very similar to that of BCS5 dogs (2.2 ± 0.3 μg/dl). The mean oxidized LDL value of BCS4 dogs was 7.2 ± 10.3 μg/dl and the highest among three groups. BCS4 dogs included two dogs whose oxidized LDL values were higher than the mean oxidized LDL value of healthy humans (11.2 ± 0.3 μg/dl). On the other hand, the mean oxidized LDL value of BCS3 cats was 2.5 ± 0.9 μg/dl, and those of BCS4 and 5 cats were higher than that of BCS3, but there was no significant difference. The BCS4 cat group included one cat with a higher oxidized LDL value, and the BCS5 group also included two cats with oxidized LDL values higher than the mean oxidized LDL value of healthy humans. Interestingly, the oxidized LDL values in two obese dogs and three obese cats were indeed higher than the mean oxidized LDL value of humans with coronary artery disease (20.1 ± 1.1 μg/dl). In conclusion, this preliminary study showed reference ranges of oxidized dogs and cats against BCS. Obesity alone does not appear to have any direct effect on serum oxidized LDL values in healthy dogs and cats.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nobuko Mori
- Department of Basic Veterinary Medicine, School of Veterinary Medicine, Nippon Veterinary and Life Science University , Tokyo , Japan
| | - Yuki Okada
- Department of Basic Veterinary Medicine, School of Veterinary Medicine, Nippon Veterinary and Life Science University , Tokyo , Japan
| | - Naoto Tsuchida
- Department of Basic Veterinary Medicine, School of Veterinary Medicine, Nippon Veterinary and Life Science University , Tokyo , Japan
| | - Yutaka Hatano
- Department of Basic Veterinary Medicine, School of Veterinary Medicine, Nippon Veterinary and Life Science University , Tokyo , Japan
| | - Makoto Habara
- Department of Basic Veterinary Medicine, School of Veterinary Medicine, Nippon Veterinary and Life Science University , Tokyo , Japan
| | - Shingo Ishikawa
- Department of Basic Veterinary Medicine, School of Veterinary Medicine, Nippon Veterinary and Life Science University , Tokyo , Japan
| | - Ichiro Yamamoto
- Department of Basic Veterinary Medicine, School of Veterinary Medicine, Nippon Veterinary and Life Science University , Tokyo , Japan
| | - Toshiro Arai
- Department of Basic Veterinary Medicine, School of Veterinary Medicine, Nippon Veterinary and Life Science University , Tokyo , Japan
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