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Cardoso O, Assis G, Donato MM, Henriques SC, Freitas A, Ramos F. Antibiotic Residues and Zinc Concentrations in the Livers and Kidneys of Portuguese Piglets-Relationship to Antibiotic and Zinc Resistance in Intestinal Escherichia coli. Biol Trace Elem Res 2024; 202:4522-4530. [PMID: 38147233 PMCID: PMC11339090 DOI: 10.1007/s12011-023-04032-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2023] [Accepted: 12/18/2023] [Indexed: 12/27/2023]
Abstract
Metal ions such as zinc and copper have been used as alternatives to antibiotics, to improve animal health and growth rates in pig farming. This study aims to determine antibiotic residues and Zn concentration in piglets' livers (n = 56) and kidneys (n = 60); and to examine the correlation between the use of Zn and antibiotics, and resistance to Zn and antibiotics of Escherichia coli isolated from piglets' faeces (n = 60). Samples were collected from randomly selected healthy piglets (n = 60); antibiotic residues were quantified by ultra-high-performance-liquid-chromatography time-of-flight mass spectrometry (UHPLC-ToF-MS); Zn was quantified using flame atomic absorption spectrometry (FAAS); microbiological methods were used for E. coli isolation, antibiotic susceptibility, and Zn minimal inhibitory concentration; and Real-Time PCR was used for gene detection. The presence of antibiotic residues and Zn concentrations in the liver was found to be negatively correlated, whilst no significant difference was observed in the kidney. In E. coli isolated from piglet faeces considered to be susceptible or multi-drug-resistant, no significant difference was found between Zn concentrations in the liver and in the kidney, which appears to indicate that Zn accumulated in the liver and in the kidney does not promote resistance to antibiotics in E. coli. The isolates showed tolerance to Zn which would suggest that antibiotic resistance and phenotypic tolerance to Zn in these isolates are not related. The genes zitB and zntA associated to Zn tolerance, were predominantly found in the more resistant Zn isolates. The findings provide insights on how Zn use in pig production maintains antibiotic resistance and metal tolerance in bacteria, with implications for One Health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Olga Cardoso
- Faculdade de Farmácia, Universidade de Coimbra, CIEPQPF, Azinhaga de Santa Comba, 3000-548, Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Gabriela Assis
- Laboratório de Controlo da Alimentação Animal, Unidade Estratégica de Investigação E Serviços, Tecnologia E Segurança Alimentar, Instituto Nacional de Investigação Agrária E Veterinária, I.P, Av. da República, Quinta Do Marquês, 2780-157, Oeiras, Portugal
| | - Maria M Donato
- Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de Coimbra, CIMAGO, Azinhaga de Santa Comba, 3000-548, Coimbra, Portugal.
| | - Sara Carolina Henriques
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Universidade de Lisboa, Research Institute for Medicines (iMed.ULisboa), 1649-003, Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Andreia Freitas
- Laboratório de Controlo da Alimentação Animal, Unidade Estratégica de Investigação E Serviços, Tecnologia E Segurança Alimentar, Instituto Nacional de Investigação Agrária E Veterinária, I.P, Av. da República, Quinta Do Marquês, 2780-157, Oeiras, Portugal
- Laboratório Nacional de Referência Para a Segurança Alimentar, Instituto Nacional de Investigação Agrária E Veterinária, I.P., Rua Dos Lágidos, Lugar da Madalena, 4485-655, Vairão, Vila Do Conde, Portugal
| | - Fernando Ramos
- REQUIMTE/LAQV, Rua Dom Manuel II, Apartado 55142, 4051-401, Porto, Portugal
- Faculdade de Farmácia, Universidade de Coimbra, Azinhaga de Santa Comba, 3000-548, Coimbra, Portugal
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Ming D, Wang J, Yin C, Chen Y, Li Y, Sun W, Pi Y, Monteiro A, Li X, Jiang X. Porous Zinc Oxide and Plant Polyphenols as a Replacement for High-Dose Zinc Oxide on Growth Performance, Diarrhea Incidence, Intestinal Morphology and Microbial Diversity of Weaned Piglets. Animals (Basel) 2024; 14:523. [PMID: 38338166 PMCID: PMC10854673 DOI: 10.3390/ani14030523] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/01/2024] [Revised: 01/27/2024] [Accepted: 02/02/2024] [Indexed: 02/12/2024] Open
Abstract
The aim of this experiment is to evaluate the effects of adding porous zinc oxide, plant polyphenols, and their combination to diets without antibiotics and high-dose zinc oxide on the growth performance, diarrhea incidence, intestinal morphology, and microbial diversity of weaned piglets. A total of 150 Duroc × Landrace × Large White weaned piglets were allocated to one of five diets in a randomized complete block design with six replicates and five piglets per replicate. The experimental period was 42 d, divided into two feeding stages: pre-starter (0-14 d) and starter (14-42 d). In the pre-starter stage, the negative control group (NC) was fed a basal diet, the positive control group (PC) was fed a basal diet with 2000 mg/kg of zinc oxide, the porous zinc oxide group (PZ) was fed a basal diet with 500 mg/kg of porous zinc oxide, the plant polyphenol group (PP) was fed a basal diet with 1500 mg/kg of plant polyphenols, and the combination group (PZ + PP) was fed a basal diet with 500 mg/kg of porous zinc oxide and 1500 mg/kg of plant polyphenols. In the starter stage, the NC, PC, and PZ groups were fed a basal diet, while the PP and PZ + PP groups were fed a basal diet with 1000 mg/kg of plant polyphenols. The results showed that, (1) compared with the PZ group, adding plant polyphenols to the diet showed a trend of increasing the ADFI of weaned piglets from 14 to 28 d (p = 0.099). From days 28 to 42 and days 0 to 42, porous zinc oxide and the combination of porous zinc oxide and plant polyphenols added to the control diet improved the FCR to the level observed in pigs fed the PC diet. (2) Dietary PZ + PP tended to increase the jejunal villus height (VH) of weaned piglets (p = 0.055), and significantly increased the villus-height-to-crypt-depth ratio compared to the NC group (p < 0.05). (3) Compared with the NC group, PZ supplementation decreased the relative abundance of Firmicutes and increased the relative abundance of Bacteroidetes, and the relative abundance of Lactobacillus in the PZ and PZ + PP groups were both increased. In conclusion, porous zinc oxide and plant polyphenols may have synergistic effects in modulating intestinal health in weaned piglets and be a potential alternative to high-dose zinc oxide.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dongxu Ming
- Key Laboratory of Feed Biotechnology of Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Institute of Feed Research, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100081, China; (D.M.); (J.W.); (C.Y.); (Y.L.); (W.S.); (Y.P.)
- Key Laboratory of Feed Synthetic Biotechnology of Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Ganzhou 341000, China
| | - Jizhe Wang
- Key Laboratory of Feed Biotechnology of Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Institute of Feed Research, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100081, China; (D.M.); (J.W.); (C.Y.); (Y.L.); (W.S.); (Y.P.)
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
- Sanya Institute of China Agricultural University, Sanya 572000, China
| | - Chenggang Yin
- Key Laboratory of Feed Biotechnology of Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Institute of Feed Research, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100081, China; (D.M.); (J.W.); (C.Y.); (Y.L.); (W.S.); (Y.P.)
| | - Yiqun Chen
- Animine, 74960 Annecy, France; (Y.C.); (A.M.)
| | - Yanpin Li
- Key Laboratory of Feed Biotechnology of Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Institute of Feed Research, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100081, China; (D.M.); (J.W.); (C.Y.); (Y.L.); (W.S.); (Y.P.)
| | - Wenjuan Sun
- Key Laboratory of Feed Biotechnology of Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Institute of Feed Research, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100081, China; (D.M.); (J.W.); (C.Y.); (Y.L.); (W.S.); (Y.P.)
| | - Yu Pi
- Key Laboratory of Feed Biotechnology of Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Institute of Feed Research, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100081, China; (D.M.); (J.W.); (C.Y.); (Y.L.); (W.S.); (Y.P.)
| | | | - Xilong Li
- Key Laboratory of Feed Biotechnology of Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Institute of Feed Research, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100081, China; (D.M.); (J.W.); (C.Y.); (Y.L.); (W.S.); (Y.P.)
| | - Xianren Jiang
- Key Laboratory of Feed Biotechnology of Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Institute of Feed Research, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100081, China; (D.M.); (J.W.); (C.Y.); (Y.L.); (W.S.); (Y.P.)
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Evaluation on the Growth Performance, Nutrient Digestibility, Faecal Microbiota, Noxious Gas Emission, and Faecal Score on Weaning Pigs Supplement with and without Probiotics Complex Supplementation in Different Level of Zinc Oxide. Animals (Basel) 2023; 13:ani13030381. [PMID: 36766270 PMCID: PMC9913860 DOI: 10.3390/ani13030381] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2022] [Revised: 01/04/2023] [Accepted: 01/19/2023] [Indexed: 01/24/2023] Open
Abstract
A total of 200 26-day-old crossbred weaning piglets ((Yorkshire × Landrace) × Duroc; 6.55 ± 0.62 kg) were used in a 6-week experiment to evaluate the effects of adding probiotics complex supplementation (Syner-ZymeF10) with high and low ZnO diets on the performance of weaning pigs in 42 days. Pigs were randomly allotted to a 2 × 2 factorial arrangement and they were supplemented with two concentration level of ZnO with 3000 ppm and 300 ppm and probiotics complex supplementation with 0 and 0.1%. There were ten replicate pens per treatment with five pigs per pen (two gilts and three barrows). Pigs fed diets with 3000 ppm ZnO had a higher BW during the overall period and ADG during d 8-21, d 22-42, and overall period than pigs receiving 300 ppm ZnO diets (p < 0.05), as well as a G: F which tended to increase on d 8-21 and overall period (p < 0.1) and decreased tendency on faecal gas emission of methyl mercaptans and acetic acid concentration (p < 0.1). Dietary probiotics complex supplementation had decreased the E. coli count (p < 0.05) and tended to increase the Lactobacillus count (p < 0.1). Dietary probiotics complex supplementation and different level of ZnO supplementation had no significant effect on the nutrition digestibility and faecal score (p > 0.05). In conclusion, probiotic supplementation reduced the fecal E. coli counts and tended to improve Lactobacillus counts. There were no interactive effects between ZnO and probiotic complex supplementation on all the measured parameters.
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Dalto DB, Audet I, Roy C, Deschêne K, Villeneuve G, Matte JJ, Lapointe J. Effects of dietary zinc/copper ratios on the metabolism of zinc and copper in weaned pigs. J Anim Sci 2023; 101:skad224. [PMID: 37392143 PMCID: PMC10424715 DOI: 10.1093/jas/skad224] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2023] [Accepted: 06/28/2023] [Indexed: 07/03/2023] Open
Abstract
This study compared the effects of different dietary zinc/copper ratios on zinc (Zn) and copper (Cu) metabolism in weaned pigs. One hundred and sixty piglets (7.81 ± 0.25 kg; 21 d of age) were used in a completely randomized 2 × 2 factorial design composed with high (H) and low (L) levels of added dietary Zn (100 and 3,000 mg/kg) and dietary Cu (6 and 130 mg/kg). Piglets were slaughtered at 21, 28, 35, and 42 d of age for blood and tissues collection. Serum, jejunum mucosa, liver, and kidney concentrations of Zn and Cu were analyzed as well as tissues mRNA abundance of genes related to their metabolism. Serum and liver Zn concentrations increased at days 28, 35, and 42 in HZn groups compared to pre-treatment levels (day 21; P ≤ 0.01) but for LZn animals, values decreased at days 28, 35, and 42 in liver (P ≤ 0.01) but remained stable vs. day 21 levels in serum (P ≥ 0.37). Serum, jejunum mucosa, liver, and kidney Zn concentrations were greater in HZn groups from day 28 (P ≤ 0.01). In jejunum mucosa, the mRNA expression of ZIP4 was lower in HZn piglets at day 28 (P ≤ 0.01) and at day 42 whereas HCu supplementation increased ZIP4 expression in LZn but not in HZn diets (P = 0.05). For ZNT1, MT3, and MT1, values of relative mRNA expression were greater for HZn animals in jejunum mucosa, liver, and kidney (P ≤ 0.01) from day 28. In kidney (P < 0.01) at day 42, HZn supplementation increased MTs expression in both LCu or HCu groups. Serum and liver Cu concentrations decreased at days 35 and 42 in all treatments compared to day 21 (P ≤ 0.04), except LZnHCu in liver that was not different from day 21 (P ≥ 0.17). Serum Cu concentrations were lower in HZn and greater in HCu groups at days 35 and 42 (P ≤ 0.01) whereas hepatic Cu was reduced by HZn diets in both LCu and HCu groups at days 35 and 42 (P ≤ 0.01). Jejunum Cu concentrations were increased by HCu diets in HZn but not in LZn groups at days 28 and 42 (P ≤ 0.04). Renal Cu concentrations were greater in HZn groups at day 28 (P < 0.01) whereas at day 42 HZn diets increased Cu values in both LCu and HCu groups (P ≤ 0.01). The expression of ATP7A in kidney at day 42 was greater for HZn groups (P = 0.02). In conclusion, high dietary Zn levels were not efficiently regulated by homeostatic mechanisms and significantly impaired Cu homeostasis. Low dietary Zn/Cu ratios allow a more efficient regulation of the metabolism of these trace minerals in post-weaning piglets. The current official recommendations for Zn and Cu to post-weaning piglets apparently do not fulfill their requirements.
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Affiliation(s)
- Danyel Bueno Dalto
- Sherbrooke Research and Development Centre, Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, Sherbrooke, Quebec J1M 0C8, Canada
| | - Isabelle Audet
- Sherbrooke Research and Development Centre, Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, Sherbrooke, Quebec J1M 0C8, Canada
| | - Caroline Roy
- Sherbrooke Research and Development Centre, Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, Sherbrooke, Quebec J1M 0C8, Canada
| | - Karine Deschêne
- Sherbrooke Research and Development Centre, Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, Sherbrooke, Quebec J1M 0C8, Canada
| | - Geneviève Villeneuve
- Sherbrooke Research and Development Centre, Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, Sherbrooke, Quebec J1M 0C8, Canada
- Biology Department, Université de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, Quebec J1K 2R1, Canada
| | - J Jacques Matte
- Sherbrooke Research and Development Centre, Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, Sherbrooke, Quebec J1M 0C8, Canada
| | - Jérôme Lapointe
- Sherbrooke Research and Development Centre, Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, Sherbrooke, Quebec J1M 0C8, Canada
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Blachier F, Andriamihaja M, Kong XF. Fate of undigested proteins in the pig large intestine: What impact on the colon epithelium? ANIMAL NUTRITION 2022; 9:110-118. [PMID: 35573094 PMCID: PMC9065739 DOI: 10.1016/j.aninu.2021.08.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2021] [Revised: 08/03/2021] [Accepted: 08/03/2021] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Apart from its obvious agronomic interest in feeding billions of people worldwide, the porcine species represents an irreplaceable experimental model for intestinal physiologists and nutritionists. In this review, we give an overview on the fate of proteins that are not fully digested in the pig small intestine, and thus are transferred into the large intestine. In the large intestine, dietary and endogenous proteins are converted to peptides and amino acids (AA) by the action of bacterial proteases and peptidases. AA, which cannot, except in the neonatal period, be absorbed to any significant level by the colonocytes, are used by the intestinal microbes for protein synthesis and for the production of numerous metabolites. Of note, the production of the AA-derived metabolites greatly depends on the amount of undigested polysaccharides in the pig's diet. The effects of these AA-derived bacterial metabolites on the pig colonic epithelium have not yet been largely studied. However, the available data, performed on colonic mucosa, isolated colonic crypts and colonocytes, indicate that some of them, like ammonia, butyrate, acetate, hydrogen sulfide (H2S), and p-cresol are active either directly or indirectly on energy metabolism in colonic epithelial cells. Further studies in that area will certainly gain from the utilization of the pig colonic organoid model, which allows for disposal of functional epithelial unities. Such studies will contribute to a better understanding of the potential causal links between diet-induced changes in the luminal concentrations of these AA-derived bacterial metabolites and effects on the colon epithelial barrier function and water/electrolyte absorption.
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Xu T, Ma X, Zhou X, Qian M, Yang Z, Cao P, Han X. Coated tannin supplementation improves growth performance, nutrients digestibility, and intestinal function in weaned piglets. J Anim Sci 2022; 100:skac088. [PMID: 35298652 PMCID: PMC9109020 DOI: 10.1093/jas/skac088] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2022] [Accepted: 03/15/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
To explore the effect of coated tannin (CT) on the growth performance, nutrients digestibility, and intestinal function in weaned piglets, a total of 180 piglets Duroc × Landrace × Yorkshire (28 d old) weighing about 8.6 kg were randomly allotted to three treatments: 1) Con: basal diet (contains ZnSO4); 2) Tan: basal diet + 0.15% CT; and 3) ZnO: basal diet + ZnO (Zn content is 1,600 mg/kg). The results showed that 0.15% CT could highly increase the average daily gain and average daily feed intake of weaned piglets compared with the control group, especially decreasing diarrhea incidence significantly (P < 0.05). Compared with the control group, crude protein apparent digestibility and digestive enzyme activity of the piglets fed with 0.15% CT were enhanced obviously (P < 0.05). Meanwhile, the intestinal villi and microvilli arranged more densely, while the content of serum diamine oxidase was decreased, and the protein expressions of zonula occludens-1 (ZO-1) and claudin-1 were significantly upregulated (P < 0.05). In addition, CT altered the structure of intestinal microbiota and augmented some butyrate-producing bacteria such as Ruminococcaceae and Megasphaera. PICRUSt (Phylogenetic Investigation of Communities by Reconstruction of Unobserved States) analysis also showed that the abundances of pathways related to butyrate metabolism and tryptophan metabolism were increased; however, the function of lipopolysaccharide biosynthesis proteins was significantly decreased. The results demonstrated that 0.15% CT could improve growth performance, digestibility, and intestinal function of weaned piglets, and it had the potential to replace ZnO applied to farming.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tingting Xu
- The Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science in East China of Ministry of Agriculture, College of Animal Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310058, China
| | - Xin Ma
- The Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science in East China of Ministry of Agriculture, College of Animal Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310058, China
| | - Xinchen Zhou
- Hainan Institute of Zhejiang University, Yazhou Bay Science and Technology City, Zhejiang University, Sanya, Hainan 572025, China
| | - Mengqi Qian
- The Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science in East China of Ministry of Agriculture, College of Animal Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310058, China
| | - Zhiren Yang
- Hainan Institute of Zhejiang University, Yazhou Bay Science and Technology City, Zhejiang University, Sanya, Hainan 572025, China
| | - Peiwen Cao
- The Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science in East China of Ministry of Agriculture, College of Animal Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310058, China
| | - Xinyan Han
- The Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science in East China of Ministry of Agriculture, College of Animal Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310058, China
- Hainan Institute of Zhejiang University, Yazhou Bay Science and Technology City, Zhejiang University, Sanya, Hainan 572025, China
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Venardou B, O'Doherty JV, Maher S, Ryan MT, Gath V, Ravindran R, Kiely C, Rajauria G, Garcia-Vaquero M, Sweeney T. Potential of a fucoidan-rich Ascophyllum nodosum extract to reduce Salmonella shedding and improve gastrointestinal health in weaned pigs naturally infected with Salmonella. J Anim Sci Biotechnol 2022; 13:39. [PMID: 35369884 PMCID: PMC8978420 DOI: 10.1186/s40104-022-00685-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2021] [Accepted: 02/04/2022] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Dietary supplementation with a fucoidan-rich Ascophyllum nodosum extract (ANE), possessing an in vitro anti-Salmonella Typhimurium activity could be a promising on-farm strategy to control Salmonella infection in pigs. The objectives of this study were to: 1) evaluate the anti-S. Typhimurium activity of ANE (containing 46.6% fucoidan, 18.6% laminarin, 10.7% mannitol, 4.6% alginate) in vitro, and; 2) compare the effects of dietary supplementation with ANE and Zinc oxide (ZnO) on growth performance, Salmonella shedding and selected gut parameters in naturally infected pigs. This was established post-weaning (newly weaned pig experiment) and following regrouping of post-weaned pigs and experimental re-infection with S. Typhimurium (challenge experiment). RESULTS In the in vitro assay, increasing ANE concentrations led to a linear reduction in S. Typhimurium counts (P < 0.05). In the newly weaned pig experiment (12 replicates/treatment), high ANE supplementation increased gain to feed ratio, similar to ZnO supplementation, and reduced faecal Salmonella counts on d 21 compared to the low ANE and control groups (P < 0.05). The challenge experiment included thirty-six pigs from the previous experiment that remained on their original dietary treatments (control and high ANE groups with the latter being renamed to ANE group) apart from the ZnO group which transitioned onto a control diet on d 21 (ZnO-residual group). These dietary treatments had no effect on performance, faecal scores, Salmonella shedding or colonic and caecal Salmonella counts (P > 0.05). ANE supplementation decreased the Enterobacteriaceae counts compared to the control. Enterobacteriaceae counts were also reduced in the ZnO-residual group compared to the control (P < 0.05). ANE supplementation decreased the expression of interleukin 22 and transforming growth factor beta 1 in the ileum compared to the control (P < 0.05). CONCLUSIONS ANE supplementation was associated with some beneficial changes in the composition of the colonic microbiota, Salmonella shedding, and the expression of inflammatory genes associated with persistent Salmonella infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brigkita Venardou
- School of Veterinary Medicine, University College Dublin, Belfield, Dublin 4, Ireland
| | - John V O'Doherty
- School of Agriculture and Food Science, University College Dublin, Belfield, Dublin 4, Ireland
| | - Shane Maher
- School of Agriculture and Food Science, University College Dublin, Belfield, Dublin 4, Ireland
| | - Marion T Ryan
- School of Veterinary Medicine, University College Dublin, Belfield, Dublin 4, Ireland
| | - Vivian Gath
- School of Veterinary Medicine, University College Dublin, Belfield, Dublin 4, Ireland
| | - Rajeev Ravindran
- School of Agriculture and Food Science, University College Dublin, Belfield, Dublin 4, Ireland
| | - Claire Kiely
- School of Agriculture and Food Science, University College Dublin, Belfield, Dublin 4, Ireland
| | - Gaurav Rajauria
- School of Agriculture and Food Science, University College Dublin, Belfield, Dublin 4, Ireland
| | - Marco Garcia-Vaquero
- School of Agriculture and Food Science, University College Dublin, Belfield, Dublin 4, Ireland
| | - Torres Sweeney
- School of Veterinary Medicine, University College Dublin, Belfield, Dublin 4, Ireland.
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Li G, Dong Z, Yue S, Wan D, Yin Y. Paternal Zn-deficiency abolishes metabolic effects in offspring induced by diet type. ANIMAL NUTRITION 2022; 8:310-320. [PMID: 35024468 PMCID: PMC8718729 DOI: 10.1016/j.aninu.2021.09.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2021] [Revised: 08/10/2021] [Accepted: 09/03/2021] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Accumulating evidence implicates that offspring are susceptible to paternal alterations in numerous fetal disorders, such as growth and metabolic defects. However, less study has been conducted to define the relationship between paternal zinc deficiency (ZnD) and energy metabolism of offspring. In the present study, we used a paternal ZnD exposure (Zn at 0.3 μg/g) model to test energy metabolism of male and female offspring with the intervention of diet type (high-fat diet and low-fat diet). Our results demonstrated that paternal ZnD decreased body weight (BW) gain per week (P < 0.01) and ME intake per week (P < 0.05) at 11 weeks in male offspring with high-fat diet intervention but not in female offspring. Further, anabolism and catabolism of hepatic energy products also exhibited alterations. ZnD attenuated liver glucose but increased lipids content accompanied with elevated adiponectin and reduction in leptin level in serum, which exhibited lipid metabolic disturbance and smaller ratio of liver weight to BW in male but not female offspring. The qRT-PCR and liver energy metabolites analysis revealed that paternal ZnD mainly induced reduction in glucose tolerance and lowered glucose uptaking ability in male offspring and thereby alleviated glycolysis and the tricarboxylic acid cycle (TCA) cycle, which displayed a male gender-dependency. Therefore, we propose that paternal ZnD abolishes metabolic effects in male offspring induced by diet type intervention. Our findings reveal a novel link between paternal Zn-D and offspring energy metabolism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guanya Li
- Key Laboratory of Agro-Ecological Processess in Subtropical Region, Hunan Research Center of Livestock & Poultry Sciences, South-Central Experimental Station of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science in Ministry of Agriculture, Institute of Subtropical Agriculture, The Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changsha, Hunan 410125, China
- Hunan International Joint Laboratory of Animal Intestinal Ecology and Health, Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Human Health, College of Life Sciences, Hunan Normal University, Changsha, Hunan, 410081, China
| | - Zhenglin Dong
- Key Laboratory of Agro-Ecological Processess in Subtropical Region, Hunan Research Center of Livestock & Poultry Sciences, South-Central Experimental Station of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science in Ministry of Agriculture, Institute of Subtropical Agriculture, The Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changsha, Hunan 410125, China
- Hunan International Joint Laboratory of Animal Intestinal Ecology and Health, Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Human Health, College of Life Sciences, Hunan Normal University, Changsha, Hunan, 410081, China
| | - Shusheng Yue
- Hunan International Joint Laboratory of Animal Intestinal Ecology and Health, Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Human Health, College of Life Sciences, Hunan Normal University, Changsha, Hunan, 410081, China
| | - Dan Wan
- Key Laboratory of Agro-Ecological Processess in Subtropical Region, Hunan Research Center of Livestock & Poultry Sciences, South-Central Experimental Station of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science in Ministry of Agriculture, Institute of Subtropical Agriculture, The Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changsha, Hunan 410125, China
- Hunan International Joint Laboratory of Animal Intestinal Ecology and Health, Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Human Health, College of Life Sciences, Hunan Normal University, Changsha, Hunan, 410081, China
- Corresponding author.
| | - Yulong Yin
- Key Laboratory of Agro-Ecological Processess in Subtropical Region, Hunan Research Center of Livestock & Poultry Sciences, South-Central Experimental Station of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science in Ministry of Agriculture, Institute of Subtropical Agriculture, The Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changsha, Hunan 410125, China
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Zinc hydroxychloride supplementation improves tibia bone development and intestinal health of broiler chickens. Poult Sci 2021; 100:101254. [PMID: 34174567 PMCID: PMC8242038 DOI: 10.1016/j.psj.2021.101254] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2020] [Revised: 04/15/2021] [Accepted: 05/05/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
This study was conducted to investigate the effects of zinc (Zn), as a combination of oxide (ZnO) and sulfate (ZnSO4), compared with incremental levels of zinc hydroxychloride (ZH) on tibia traits, intestinal integrity, expression of selected jejunal genes, cecal short chain fatty acids and microbial composition in broilers. Day-old male Ross 308 chicks (n = 784) were randomly allocated to seven dietary treatments, each replicated seven times with 16 chicks per replication. The dietary treatments included a negative control diet (NC) with no supplemental Zn, a positive control (PC) with 100 mg/kg supplemental Zn from an ionic bound source combination (50 mg/kg ZnO + 50 mg/kg ZnSO4), and the NC diet supplemented with one of 20, 40, 60, 80, or 100 mg/kg Zn as ZH. The diets were fed over starter (1–14 d) and grower (14–35 d) phases, with tissue and digesta samples collected from 3 birds per replicate on days 14 and 35. The results showed that dietary Zn level had a significant effect on tibia breaking strength on d 35 (P < 0.05), and tibia Zn concentration both on d 14 and d 35 (P < 0.01). Dietary Zn levels linearly (P < 0.01) increased cecal lactic acid production, increased Lactobacillus, and decreased Bacillus and total bacteria counts (P < 0.05). Inclusion of 80 and 100 mg/kg Zn as ZH tended to upregulate the expression of claudin-1 (P = 0.088) and tight junction protein-1 (P = 0.086). The results obtained in this study suggest that a non-Zn supplemented diet can negatively influence tibia development and gut microbiota composition in broiler chickens. Higher supplemental Zn in the diet alters cecal microbiota population in favor of Lactobacillus and can decrease the total bacterial load. Supplemental Zn level in the feed have the potential to manipulate the jejunal gut integrity at a molecular level.
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Li GY, Dong ZL, Huang HF, Zhang YM, Wan D, Wu X, Yin YL. Effects of diet zinc level on circadian rhythms and lipid metabolism in male mice. BIOL RHYTHM RES 2020. [DOI: 10.1080/09291016.2018.1526498] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Guan-ya Li
- Key Laboratory of Agro-Ecological Processess in Subtropical Region, Hunan Research Center of Livestock & Poultry Sciences, South-Central Experimental Station of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science in Ministry of Agriculture, Institute of Subtropical Agriculture, the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changsha, Hunan, China
- Hunan Co-Innovation Center of Safety Animal Production, College of Animal Science and Technology, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, China
| | - Zheng-lin Dong
- Key Laboratory of Agro-Ecological Processess in Subtropical Region, Hunan Research Center of Livestock & Poultry Sciences, South-Central Experimental Station of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science in Ministry of Agriculture, Institute of Subtropical Agriculture, the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changsha, Hunan, China
- Hunan international joint laboratory of Animal Intestinal Ecology and Health, Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Human Health, College of Life Sciences, Hunan Normal University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Hui-feng Huang
- Key Laboratory of Agro-Ecological Processess in Subtropical Region, Hunan Research Center of Livestock & Poultry Sciences, South-Central Experimental Station of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science in Ministry of Agriculture, Institute of Subtropical Agriculture, the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changsha, Hunan, China
- Hunan Co-Innovation Center of Safety Animal Production, College of Animal Science and Technology, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, China
| | - Yi-ming Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Agro-Ecological Processess in Subtropical Region, Hunan Research Center of Livestock & Poultry Sciences, South-Central Experimental Station of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science in Ministry of Agriculture, Institute of Subtropical Agriculture, the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changsha, Hunan, China
- Hunan international joint laboratory of Animal Intestinal Ecology and Health, Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Human Health, College of Life Sciences, Hunan Normal University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Dan Wan
- Key Laboratory of Agro-Ecological Processess in Subtropical Region, Hunan Research Center of Livestock & Poultry Sciences, South-Central Experimental Station of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science in Ministry of Agriculture, Institute of Subtropical Agriculture, the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changsha, Hunan, China
- Hunan international joint laboratory of Animal Intestinal Ecology and Health, Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Human Health, College of Life Sciences, Hunan Normal University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Xin Wu
- Key Laboratory of Agro-Ecological Processess in Subtropical Region, Hunan Research Center of Livestock & Poultry Sciences, South-Central Experimental Station of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science in Ministry of Agriculture, Institute of Subtropical Agriculture, the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changsha, Hunan, China
- Hunan Co-Innovation Center of Safety Animal Production, College of Animal Science and Technology, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, China
| | - Yu-long Yin
- Key Laboratory of Agro-Ecological Processess in Subtropical Region, Hunan Research Center of Livestock & Poultry Sciences, South-Central Experimental Station of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science in Ministry of Agriculture, Institute of Subtropical Agriculture, the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changsha, Hunan, China
- Hunan international joint laboratory of Animal Intestinal Ecology and Health, Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Human Health, College of Life Sciences, Hunan Normal University, Changsha, Hunan, China
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Effects of nano zinc oxide as an alternative to pharmacological dose of zinc oxide on growth performance, diarrhea, immune responses, and intestinal microflora profile in weaned piglets. Anim Feed Sci Technol 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.anifeedsci.2019.114312] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
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Burrough ER, De Mille C, Gabler NK. Zinc overload in weaned pigs: tissue accumulation, pathology, and growth impacts. J Vet Diagn Invest 2019; 31:537-545. [PMID: 31170897 DOI: 10.1177/1040638719852144] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Zinc oxide (ZnO) is commonly fed to pigs at pharmacologic concentrations (2,000-3,000 ppm) for the first 3 wk post-weaning to increase growth and reduce enteric bacterial disease. The safety of this high-dose treatment is assumed based upon lower bioavailability of ZnO compared to other common forms of Zn in feed; however, limited data are available regarding the specific serum and tissue concentrations of Zn expected in animals experiencing overload following feeding of excessive ZnO. Fifty-five 3-wk-old pigs were divided into 5 groups receiving various concentrations of ZnO (0-6,000 ppm) for 3 wk. Pigs receiving 6,000 ppm ZnO had higher mean pancreatic Zn concentrations (p < 0.001) compared to other treatments, and higher pancreatic Zn concentrations were associated with pancreatic acinar cell apoptosis (p < 0.0001). Hepatic Zn concentrations were highest for pigs receiving 6,000 ppm ZnO (mean ± SEM; 729 ± 264 ppm) and significantly higher than all other groups (p < 0.0001), with controls having concentrations <60 ppm. Similarly, serum Zn was highest in pigs receiving 6,000 ppm ZnO (4.81 ± 2.31 ppm) and significantly higher than all groups (controls, <1 ppm). Additionally, as pigs became overloaded with Zn, there were significant reductions in serum Cu and both serum and hepatic Se. Hepatic and serum Zn concentrations >500 ppm and >2 ppm, respectively, are indicative of Zn overload, and dietary trace mineral analysis is warranted if expected inclusion rates are ≤3,000 ppm ZnO.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eric R Burrough
- Departments of Veterinary Diagnostic and Production Animal Medicine (Burrough), Iowa State University, Ames, IA
- Animal Science (De Mille, Gabler), Iowa State University, Ames, IA
| | - Carson De Mille
- Departments of Veterinary Diagnostic and Production Animal Medicine (Burrough), Iowa State University, Ames, IA
- Animal Science (De Mille, Gabler), Iowa State University, Ames, IA
| | - Nicholas K Gabler
- Departments of Veterinary Diagnostic and Production Animal Medicine (Burrough), Iowa State University, Ames, IA
- Animal Science (De Mille, Gabler), Iowa State University, Ames, IA
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Milani N, Sbardella M, Ikeda N, Arno A, Mascarenhas B, Miyada V. Dietary zinc oxide nanoparticles as growth promoter for weanling pigs. Anim Feed Sci Technol 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.anifeedsci.2017.03.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
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Urubschurov V, Büsing K, Freyer G, Herlemann DPR, Souffrant WB, Zeyner A. New insights into the role of the porcine intestinal yeast, Kazachstania slooffiae, in intestinal environment of weaned piglets. FEMS Microbiol Ecol 2016; 93:fiw245. [PMID: 27940642 DOI: 10.1093/femsec/fiw245] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2016] [Accepted: 12/07/2016] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Kazachstania slooffiae is a porcine intestinal yeast whose role in the intestinal environment is largely unexplored. Therefore, the impact of K. slooffiae on growth performance, intestinal microbial metabolites and the microbiota of weaned piglets was investigated in this study. Forty-eight German Landrace pigs were weaned at day 27 or 28 of life and grouped into one control and three treatment groups. During the 5-week experiment, piglets had ad libitum access to feed and water. On days 5, 6 and 7 post weaning, pigs were orally supplemented with either placebo or K. slooffiae cells once a day. Faecal samples collected on days 5-8, 14, 21 and 28 post weaning were used for microbiological and chemical analyses. Between groups, there were no significant differences in the incidence of diarrhoea, pH and growth performance. Total yeasts and K. slooffiae correlated positively with total short-chain fatty acids, acetic, propionic, n-butyric, i-valeric and valeric acids, and negatively with pH. Pyrosequencing of the bacterial intestinal community revealed that K. slooffiae significantly affected the composition of the microbiota. The results of this study suggest that K. slooffiae may play an important role in the porcine digestive system, especially in the critical weaning period.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vladimir Urubschurov
- Institute of Agricultural and Nutritional Sciences, Group Animal Nutrition, Martin Luther University Halle-Wittenberg, 06120 Halle (Saale), Germany
| | - Kirsten Büsing
- Chair of Nutrition Physiology and Animal Nutrition, University of Rostock, 18059 Rostock, Germany
| | - Gertraude Freyer
- Institute for Genetics and Biometry, Leibniz Institute for Farm Animal Biology (FBN), 18196 Dummerstorf, Germany
| | - Daniel P R Herlemann
- Biological Oceanography, Leibniz Institute for Baltic Sea Research, Warnemünde (IOW), Rostock, 18119 Rostock, Germany
| | - Wolfgang-Bernhard Souffrant
- Institute of Agricultural and Nutritional Sciences, Group Animal Nutrition, Martin Luther University Halle-Wittenberg, 06120 Halle (Saale), Germany.,Chair of Nutrition Physiology and Animal Nutrition, University of Rostock, 18059 Rostock, Germany
| | - Annette Zeyner
- Institute of Agricultural and Nutritional Sciences, Group Animal Nutrition, Martin Luther University Halle-Wittenberg, 06120 Halle (Saale), Germany
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Zetzsche A, Schunter N, Zentek J, Pieper R. Accumulation of copper in the kidney of pigs fed high dietary zinc is due to metallothionein expression with minor effects on genes involved in copper metabolism. J Trace Elem Med Biol 2016; 35:1-6. [PMID: 27049121 DOI: 10.1016/j.jtemb.2016.01.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2015] [Revised: 01/08/2016] [Accepted: 01/12/2016] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
A study was conducted to determine the effect of high dietary zinc (Zn) oxide on trace element accumulation in various organs with special emphasis on the kidney. A total of 40 weaned piglets were allocated into two groups with 16 and 24 piglets each receiving a diet containing normal (NZn; 100mg Zn/kg) or high (HZn; 2,100mg Zn/kg) Zn concentration, respectively. After two weeks, eight piglets from each treatment were killed and organ samples were taken. Eight piglets from the remaining 16 pigs fed HZn diets were changed to NZn diets (CZn). All remaining piglets were killed after another two weeks for organ sampling. Trace element concentration was determined in the jejunum, liver, kidney, pancreas, bone (metacarpal IV), spleen, lung, thymus, tonsils and lymph nodes of jejunum, ileum and colon. Kidney mRNA expression of Zn transporter ZnT1 and ZIP4, genes involved in Cu metabolism (Ctr1, Atox1, SOD1, ATP7A, CCS, CP) and divalent metal ion transport (DMT1) and binding (MT-1a, MT-2b, MT-3) were determined. The Zn concentration in jejunum, liver, pancreas tissue and metacarpal IV was higher (P<0.05) in HZn group compared with NZn and CZn groups. Trace element concentration in organs of CZn pigs was similar to those fed NZn diets. Zn concentration in muscle, lung and lymphatic organs as thymus, tonsils, spleen and lymph nodes of jejunum, ileum and colon did not differ between the groups. Zn and Cu were positively correlated (R=0.67; P<0.05) in the kidney. No significant differences for Cu chaperones, Cu transporters and Cu-dependent factors were determined despite decreased expression of Atox1 after two weeks and increased Ctr1 expression over time in the HZn group. Expression of MT-1a, MT-2b and MT-3 were significantly higher in HZn fed pigs with most pronounced effects for MT-1a > MT-2b > MT-3. Gene expression of MTs in pigs fed CZn diets did not differ from pigs fed NZn diets. The data suggest that high dietary Zn feeding in pigs leads to Cu co-accumulation in the kidney of pigs with minor effect on genes relevant for Cu metabolism. In addition, the organ Zn and Cu accumulation is reversible after two weeks of withdrawal of high dietary Zn.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Zetzsche
- Institute of Animal Nutrition, Department of Veterinary Medicine, Freie Universität Berlin, Königin-Luise-Strasse 49, 14195 Berlin, Germany
| | - N Schunter
- Institute of Animal Nutrition, Department of Veterinary Medicine, Freie Universität Berlin, Königin-Luise-Strasse 49, 14195 Berlin, Germany
| | - J Zentek
- Institute of Animal Nutrition, Department of Veterinary Medicine, Freie Universität Berlin, Königin-Luise-Strasse 49, 14195 Berlin, Germany
| | - R Pieper
- Institute of Animal Nutrition, Department of Veterinary Medicine, Freie Universität Berlin, Königin-Luise-Strasse 49, 14195 Berlin, Germany.
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