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Arble EP, Steinert SW, Shankar S, Cerjanic A, Sutton BP, Daugherty AM. Ideational Slippage in Middle-Aged and Older Adults: A Preliminary Study. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2024; 21:656. [PMID: 38928903 PMCID: PMC11203480 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph21060656] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2024] [Revised: 05/10/2024] [Accepted: 05/17/2024] [Indexed: 06/28/2024]
Abstract
Ideational slippage-characterized by incorrect word usage and strained logic during dialogue-is common in aging and, at greater frequency, is an indicator of pre-clinical cognitive decline. Performance-based assessment of ideational slippage may be useful in the study of cognitive aging and Alzheimer's-disease-related pathology. In this preliminary study, we examine the association between corpus callosum volume and a performance-based assessment of ideational slippage in middle-aged and older adults (age 61-79 years). Ideational slippage was indexed from cognitive special scores using the Rorschach Inkblot Method (RIM), which are validated indices of deviant verbalization and logical inaccuracy (Sum6, WSum6). Among middle-aged and older adults, smaller splenium volume was associated with greater ideational slippage (ηp2 = 0.48), independent of processing speed and fluid intelligence. The observed negative associations are consistent with visuospatial perception and cognitive functions of the splenium. The effect was strongest with the splenium, and volumes of the genu and total white matter had small effects that were not statistically significant. Conclusions: Results are discussed with future application of RIM special scores for the assessment of pre-clinical cognitive decline and, based on observed effect sizes, power analyses are reported to inform future study planning.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eamonn P. Arble
- Department of Psychology, Eastern Michigan University, Ypsilanti, MI 48197, USA; (S.W.S.); (S.S.)
| | - Steven W. Steinert
- Department of Psychology, Eastern Michigan University, Ypsilanti, MI 48197, USA; (S.W.S.); (S.S.)
| | - Sneha Shankar
- Department of Psychology, Eastern Michigan University, Ypsilanti, MI 48197, USA; (S.W.S.); (S.S.)
| | - Alex Cerjanic
- Beckman Institute for Advanced Science and Technology, University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL 61801, USA; (A.C.); (B.P.S.)
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL 61801, USA
| | - Bradley P. Sutton
- Beckman Institute for Advanced Science and Technology, University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL 61801, USA; (A.C.); (B.P.S.)
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL 61801, USA
| | - Ana M. Daugherty
- Beckman Institute for Advanced Science and Technology, University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL 61801, USA; (A.C.); (B.P.S.)
- Department of Psychology, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI 48202, USA
- Institute of Gerontology, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI 48202, USA
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Arble E, Steinert SW, Daugherty AM. The Application of the Rorschach Inkblot Test in the Study of Neural and Cognitive Aging. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2020. [DOI: 10.1027/1192-5604/a000120] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Abstract. The Rorschach Inkblot test has been adopted and adapted by many researchers to assess and predict different aspects of human experience and cognitive performance. The present review examines research that incorporates the Rorschach to evaluate neural and cognitive aging as well as decline in age-related disease. Specifically, differences in amygdala and cortical regions, as well as mirror neuron and asymmetrical hemisphere activity that correlate with specific responses to Rorschach stimuli are discussed in the context of typical changes in brain structure and function in the course of aging. In addition, the present review provides a proposed framework for expanding the use of the Rorschach to evaluate other domains of neural and cognitive function. The authors conclude that, despite a need for increased research, the Rorschach is a viable measure to evaluate certain aspects of cognitive function and decline throughout the lifespan.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eamonn Arble
- Department of Psychology, Eastern Michigan University, Ypsilanti, MI, USA
| | - Steven W. Steinert
- Department of Psychology, Eastern Michigan University, Ypsilanti, MI, USA
| | - Ana M. Daugherty
- Department of Psychology, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI, USA
- Institute of Gerontology, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI, USA
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Neurosciences, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI, USA
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Kanazawa S, Dan I. Editorial: fNIRS in Psychological Research: Functional Neuroimaging Beyond Conventional Fields. JAPANESE PSYCHOLOGICAL RESEARCH 2018. [DOI: 10.1111/jpr.12230] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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