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Kibune R, Muraoka K, Morishita M, Ariyoshi W, Awano S. Relationship between Dynamics of TNF-α and Its Soluble Receptors in Saliva and Periodontal Health State. Dent J (Basel) 2022; 10:dj10020025. [PMID: 35200250 PMCID: PMC8870908 DOI: 10.3390/dj10020025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2021] [Revised: 01/26/2022] [Accepted: 01/29/2022] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Soluble tumor necrosis factor receptors 1 and 2 (sTNF-R1 and sTNF-R2) are reported to protect against excessive TNF-α, a primary mediator of systemic responses to infection. This study aimed to investigate the levels of TNF-α, sTNF-R1, and sTNF-R2 in saliva and to verify whether their dynamics are associated with periodontal health. The study population comprised 28 adult patients. Probing pocket depth, clinical attachment level, and bleeding on probing were assessed, and periodontal inflamed surface area (PISA) was calculated. Stimulated saliva was collected before the oral examinations. The levels of TNF-α, sTNF-R1, sTNF-R2, and total protein (TP) in saliva samples were determined. There were significant positive correlations between TNF-α, sTNF-R1, and sTNF-R2 to TP (/TP) in stimulated saliva. Moreover, there were significant positive correlations between PISA and sTNF-R2/TP. Stepwise multiple regression analysis revealed that PISA was significantly associated with sTNF-R2/TP in saliva; however, TNF-α/TP was not significantly associated with PISA. In conclusion, this study demonstrates that significant relationships exist between the salivary levels of TNF-α and sTNF-R1, and that salivary sTNF-R2 is associated with the expansion of inflamed periodontal tissue.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ryota Kibune
- Department of Clinical Education Development and Research, School of Dentistry, Kyushu Dental University, 2-6-1 Manazuru, Kokurakita-ku, Kitakyushu 803-8580, Japan; (R.K.); (K.M.); (M.M.)
| | - Kosuke Muraoka
- Department of Clinical Education Development and Research, School of Dentistry, Kyushu Dental University, 2-6-1 Manazuru, Kokurakita-ku, Kitakyushu 803-8580, Japan; (R.K.); (K.M.); (M.M.)
| | - Masaki Morishita
- Department of Clinical Education Development and Research, School of Dentistry, Kyushu Dental University, 2-6-1 Manazuru, Kokurakita-ku, Kitakyushu 803-8580, Japan; (R.K.); (K.M.); (M.M.)
| | - Wataru Ariyoshi
- Department of Infections and Molecular Biology, School of Dentistry, Kyushu Dental University, 2-6-1 Manazuru, Kokurakita-ku, Kitakyushu 803-8580, Japan;
| | - Shuji Awano
- Department of Clinical Education Development and Research, School of Dentistry, Kyushu Dental University, 2-6-1 Manazuru, Kokurakita-ku, Kitakyushu 803-8580, Japan; (R.K.); (K.M.); (M.M.)
- Correspondence:
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Mayr A, Marciniak J, Eggers B, Blawat K, Wildenhof J, Bastos Craveiro R, Wolf M, Deschner J, Jäger A, Beisel-Memmert S. Autophagy Induces Expression of IL-6 in Human Periodontal Ligament Fibroblasts Under Mechanical Load and Overload and Effects Osteoclastogenesis in vitro. Front Physiol 2021; 12:716441. [PMID: 34512388 PMCID: PMC8430222 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2021.716441] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2021] [Accepted: 08/04/2021] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective: Autophagy is an important cellular adaptation mechanism to mechanical stress. In animal experiments, inhibition of autophagy during orthodontic tooth movement triggered increased expression of inflammation-related genes and decreased bone density. The aim of this study was to investigate how autophagy affects cytokine levels of interleukin 6 (IL-6) in human periodontal ligament (hPDL) fibroblasts under mechanical pressure and the resulting influence on osteoblast communication. Methods: hPDL fibroblasts were subjected to physiologic mechanical load, constant overload, or rapamycin treatment for 16 to 24 h ± autophagy inhibitor 3-MA. Autophagosomes were quantified by flow cytometry. Gene expression of il-6 as well as IL-6 levels in the supernatant were determined with rtPCR and ELISA. To investigate the influence of mechanically-induced autophagy on cell-cell communication, an osteoblast-culture was subjected to supernatant from stimulated hPDL fibroblasts ± soluble IL-6 receptor (sIL-6R). After 24 h, osteoprotegerin (opg) and receptor activator of nuclear factor κB ligand (rankl) gene expressions were detected with rtPCR. Gene expression of a disintegrin and metalloproteinases (adam) 10 and 17 in stimulated hPDL fibroblasts was examined via rtPCR. Results: Autophagy was induced by biomechanical stress in hPDL fibroblasts in a dose-dependent manner. Mechanical load and overload increased IL-6 expression at gene and protein level. Autophagy inhibition further enhanced the effects of mechanical stimulation on IL-6 expression. Mechanical stimulation of hPDL fibroblasts downregulated adam10 and adam17 expressions. Inhibition of autophagy had stimulus-intensity depending effects: autophagy inhibition alone or additional application of physiological stress enhanced adam10 and adam17 expressions, whereas mechanical overload had adverse effects. Osteoblasts showed significantly reduced opg expression in the presence of supernatant derived of hPDL fibroblasts treated with autophagy inhibitor and sIL-6R. Conclusion: IL-6 levels were increased in response to pressure in hPDL fibroblasts, which was further enhanced by autophagy inhibition. This caused a decrease in opg expression in osteoblasts. This may serve as an explanatory model for accelerated tooth movement observed under autophagy inhibition, but may also represent a risk factor for uncontrolled bone loss.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexandra Mayr
- Department of Orthodontics, Center of Dento-Maxillo-Facial Medicine, University of Bonn Medical Center, Bonn, Germany
| | - Jana Marciniak
- Department of Orthodontics, Center of Dento-Maxillo-Facial Medicine, University of Bonn Medical Center, Bonn, Germany
| | - Benedikt Eggers
- Department of Oral, Maxillofacial and Plastic Surgery, Center of Dento-Maxillo-Facial Medicine, University of Bonn Medical Center, Bonn, Germany
| | - Kim Blawat
- Department of Orthodontics, Center of Dento-Maxillo-Facial Medicine, University of Bonn Medical Center, Bonn, Germany
| | - Jan Wildenhof
- Private Clinic Schloss Schellenstein, Olsberg, Germany
| | - Rogerio Bastos Craveiro
- Department of Orthodontics, Faculty of Medicine, University Hospital Aachen, Aachen, Germany
| | - Michael Wolf
- Department of Orthodontics, Faculty of Medicine, University Hospital Aachen, Aachen, Germany
| | - James Deschner
- Department of Periodontology and Operative Dentistry, University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg University, Mainz, Germany
| | - Andreas Jäger
- Department of Orthodontics, Center of Dento-Maxillo-Facial Medicine, University of Bonn Medical Center, Bonn, Germany
| | - Svenja Beisel-Memmert
- Department of Orthodontics, Center of Dento-Maxillo-Facial Medicine, University of Bonn Medical Center, Bonn, Germany
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Ma JJ, Liu HM, Xu XH, Guo LX, Lin Q. Study on gene expression patterns and functional pathways of peripheral blood monocytes reveals potential molecular mechanism of surgical treatment for periodontitis. World J Clin Cases 2019; 7:1383-1392. [PMID: 31363466 PMCID: PMC6656668 DOI: 10.12998/wjcc.v7.i12.1383] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2019] [Revised: 04/23/2019] [Accepted: 05/01/2019] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Periodontitis is a chronic inflammation of periodontal supporting tissue caused by local factors. Periodontal surgery can change the gene expression of peripheral blood mononuclear cells. However, little is known about the potential mechanism of surgical treatment for periodontitis.
AIM To explore the potential molecular mechanism of surgical treatment for periodontitis.
METHODS First, based on the expression profiles of genes related to surgical treatment for periodontitis, a set of expression disorder modules related to surgical treatment for periodontitis were obtained by enrichment analysis. Subsequently, based on crosstalk analysis, we proved that there was a significant crosstalk relationship between module 3 and module 5. Finally, based on predictive analysis of multidimensional regulators, we identified a series of regulatory factors, such as endogenous genes, non-coding RNAs (ncRNAs), and transcription factors, which have potential regulatory effects on periodontitis.
RESULTS A total of 337 genes related to surgical treatment for periodontitis were obtained, and 3896 genes related to periodontitis were amplified. Eight expression modules of periodontitis were obtained, involving the aggregation of 2672 gene modules. These modules are mainly involved in G-protein coupled receptor signaling pathway, coupled to cyclic nucleotide second messenger, and adenylate cyclase-modulating G-protein coupled receptor signaling pathway. In addition, eight endogenous genes (including EGF, RPS27A, and GNB3) were screened by network connectivity analysis. Finally, based on this set of potential dysfunction modules, 94 transcription factors (including NFKB1, SP1, and STAT3) and 1198 ncRNAs (including MALAT1, CRNDE, and ANCR) were revealed. These core regulators are thought to be involved in the potential molecular mechanism of periodontitis after surgical treatment.
CONCLUSION Based on the results of this study, we can show biologists and pharmacists a new idea to reveal the potential molecular mechanism of surgical treatment for periodontitis, and provide valuable reference for follow-up treatment programs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jin-Ji Ma
- Jinan Stomatological Hospital Gaoxin Branch, Jinan 250001, Shandong Province, China
| | - Hong-Mei Liu
- Department of Endodontics, Jinan Stomatological Hospital, Jinan 250001, Shandong Province, China
| | - Xiang-Hua Xu
- Department of Stomatology, Shandong Provincial Hospital, Jinan 250001, Shandong Province, China
| | - Li-Xin Guo
- Department of Endodontics, Jinan Stomatological Hospital, Jinan 250001, Shandong Province, China
| | - Qing Lin
- Department of Endodontics, Jinan Stomatological Hospital, Jinan 250001, Shandong Province, China
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Hirayama A, Awano S, Seta Y, Ansai T. ADAM17 regulates TNF-α expression upon lipopolysaccharide stimulation in oral keratinocytes. Biomed Res 2018. [PMID: 28637950 DOI: 10.2220/biomedres.38.157] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
A disintegrin and metalloprotease 17 (ADAM17) is a tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-converting enzyme and was first identified as the enzyme that cleaves the prodomain of TNF-α, a proinflammatory cytokine that plays a central role in immune regulation and a variety of inflammatory responses in destructive periodontal disease. The aim of the present study was to verify the presence of ADAM17 in the gingival epithelium and elucidate its involvement in the release of TNF-αin oral keratinocytes. Immunohistochemical analyses of ADAM17 were performed in gingival tissues obtained from patients and in human oral keratinocytes (HOKs). Additionally, levels of TNF-α and ADAM17 in HOKs exposed to lipopolysaccharide (LPS) were assessed using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays. Moreover, the effects of ADAM17 inhibitor, matrix metalloproteinase (MMP) inhibitor, and ADAM17 siRNA on TNF-α concentration were assessed. Strong immunoreactivity for ADAM17 was observed in the epithelium of the inflamed gingival tissues and in HOKs. Furthermore, treatment with either ADAM17 inhibitor or ADAM17 siRNA inhibited the generation of TNF-α induced by LPS in HOKs. The present study demonstrates that ADAM17 is strongly expressed in the epithelium of gingival tissues and suggests that ADAM17 may be a key enzyme that regulates the generation of TNF-α in oral keratinocytes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aya Hirayama
- Division of Community Oral Health Development, Kyushu Dental University
| | - Shuji Awano
- Department of Clinical Education Development and Research, Kyushu Dental University
| | - Yuji Seta
- Department of Anatomy, Kyushu Dental University
| | - Toshihiro Ansai
- Division of Community Oral Health Development, Kyushu Dental University
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Scannapieco FA, Cantos A. Oral inflammation and infection, and chronic medical diseases: implications for the elderly. Periodontol 2000 2018; 72:153-75. [PMID: 27501498 DOI: 10.1111/prd.12129] [Citation(s) in RCA: 172] [Impact Index Per Article: 28.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 10/15/2015] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Oral diseases, such as caries and periodontitis, not only have local effects on the dentition and on tooth-supporting tissues but also may impact a number of systemic conditions. Emerging evidence suggests that poor oral health influences the initiation and/or progression of diseases such as atherosclerosis (with sequelae including myocardial infarction and stoke), diabetes mellitus and neurodegenerative diseases (such as Alzheimer's disease, rheumatoid arthritis and others). Aspiration of oropharyngeal (including periodontal) bacteria causes pneumonia, especially in hospitalized patients and the elderly, and may influence the course of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. This article addresses several pertinent aspects related to the medical implications of periodontal disease in the elderly. There is moderate evidence that improved oral hygiene may help prevent aspiration pneumonia in high-risk patients. For other medical conditions, because of the absence of well-designed randomized clinical trials in elderly patients, no specific guidance can be provided regarding oral hygiene or periodontal interventions that enhance the medical management of older adults.
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Nezu A, Kubota T, Maruyama S, Nagata M, Nohno K, Morozumi T, Yoshie H. Expression of neprilysin in periodontitis-affected gingival tissues. Arch Oral Biol 2017; 79:35-41. [PMID: 28285126 DOI: 10.1016/j.archoralbio.2017.03.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2017] [Revised: 03/02/2017] [Accepted: 03/02/2017] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Although the pathogeneses of Alzheimer's disease (AD) and periodontal diseases have overlapping features, including ageing and chronic inflammation, the association between AD and periodontitis remains unclear. To explore the pathogenesis of periodontitis, a comprehensive gene expression/transcriptome analysis in periodontitis-affected gingival tissues found that the AD pathway was significantly up-regulated in periodontitis-affected gingival tissues. AD-related genes, amyloid beta precursor protein (APP), interleukin-1 beta and compliment 1QA, were significantly elevated in periodontitis. In the present study, balance between mRNA expression of APP and a potent amyloid degradation enzyme, neprilysin (NEP), as well as protein localisation of APP and NEP were analysed. DESIGN Eighteen periodontitis-affected and 18 clinically healthy control gingival tissues were taken from patients with severe chronic periodontitis or undergoing tooth extraction. Total RNA was purified and used for quantitative reverse transcription real-time polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR). The localisation of APP and NEP was analysed by immunohistochemistry (IHC). RESULTS Both APP and NEP genes were up-regulated in periodontitis-affected gingival tissues. APP-expressing macrophages and NEP-expressing neutrophils and fibroblasts, reflecting inflammatory stages, were detected in inflamed gingival tissues by IHC. CONCLUSION The up-regulation of APP and NEP mRNA levels in periodontitis-affected gingival tissues compared with healthy controls was confirmed by qRT-PCR analyses. Since NEP is one of the primary enzymes that degrades amyloid beta, increased NEP mRNA levels in periodontitis may act as an inhibitor of amyloid beta accumulation in gingival tissues, balancing increased APP mRNA expression. However, NEP has several effects including degradation of vasoactive substances; therefore, further sresearch is needed.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Nezu
- Division of Periodontology, Department of Oral Biological Science, Niigata University Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Japan
| | - T Kubota
- Division of Periodontology, Department of Oral Biological Science, Niigata University Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Japan; Division of Periodontics, Department of Preventive and Conservative Dentistry, Niigata University Medical and Dental Hospital, Japan.
| | - S Maruyama
- Oral Pathology Section, Department of Surgical Pathology, Niigata University Medical and Dental Hospital, Japan
| | - M Nagata
- Division of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Department of Health Science, Niigata University Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Japan
| | - K Nohno
- Division of Preventive Dentistry, Niigata University Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Japan
| | - T Morozumi
- Division of Periodontology, Department of Oral Biological Science, Niigata University Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Japan; Division of Periodontics, Department of Preventive and Conservative Dentistry, Niigata University Medical and Dental Hospital, Japan
| | - H Yoshie
- Division of Periodontology, Department of Oral Biological Science, Niigata University Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Japan; Division of Periodontics, Department of Preventive and Conservative Dentistry, Niigata University Medical and Dental Hospital, Japan
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Nakata M, Awano S, Kinoshita N, Yoshida A, Ansai T. Neutral endopeptidase regulates neurogenic inflammatory responses induced by stimulation of human oral keratinocytes with bacterial lipopolysaccharide and nicotine. Eur J Oral Sci 2013; 121:434-42. [PMID: 24028591 DOI: 10.1111/eos.12072] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 06/07/2013] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Neutral endopeptidase (NEP) is present on various epithelial cells and inactivates numerous physiologically active peptides. Neutral endopeptidase may regulate proinflammatory signals in oral mucosal epithelium. However, the function of NEP in oral mucosal epithelium is unknown. The present study investigated the action of NEP upon proinflammatory signals on human oral keratinocytes and the influence of endothelin-converting enzyme (ECE)-1, an enzyme similar to NEP, on the functions of NEP. Oral keratinocytes were cultured in medium containing inflammatory inducers [lipopolysaccharide (LPS) and nicotine], NEP inhibitors, and ECE-1/NEP inhibitors, either alone or in combination. The concentrations of substance P (SP) and interleukin-1β (IL-1β) were measured in the supernatant. Additionally, the concentrations of SP and IL-1β were measured in the supernatant of cells incubated with LPS or nicotine after transfection with NEP small interfering RNA (siRNA). The concentrations of SP and IL-1β were significantly increased in cells incubated with NEP inhibitors and, to a lesser extent, in cells incubated with ECE-1/NEP inhibitors, compared with controls (cells incubated with LPS or nicotine alone). The concentrations of SP and IL-1β in cells transfected with NEP siRNA were significantly augmented compared with controls. In conclusion, the present study demonstrated that NEP down-regulated the levels of SP and IL-1β produced from human oral keratinocytes, although ECE-1 may be partly related to the down-regulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Motoki Nakata
- Division of Community Oral Health Science, Department of Health Promotion, Kyushu Dental University, Kitakyushu, Japan
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