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Ironside A, Thoma B, Trinder K, Bueckert S, Lee T, Domes T. The value of admissions characteristics for predicting the practice location of University of Saskatchewan College of Medicine graduates. CANADIAN MEDICAL EDUCATION JOURNAL 2022; 13:64-72. [PMID: 36440083 PMCID: PMC9684043 DOI: 10.36834/cmej.74288] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The physician workforce in Saskatchewan depends upon the retention of locally trained physicians. Characteristics collected at the time of medical school application may predict future practice location, but these associations have not been explored. METHODS We identified the current practice location of University of Saskatchewan College of Medicine graduates who matriculated between 2000 and 2013 and extracted data from their admission applications including gender, age, high school, previous university, and current location at the time of application. We then conducted univariate and multivariate analyses to evaluate associations between these characteristics and rural- and Saskatchewan-based practice. RESULTS We identified the current practice location of 1,001 (98.9%) of the graduates of the included cohorts. Attending a Saskatchewan high school (p < 0.001), a high school in a smaller population center (p < 0.01), and a Saskatchewan university (p < 0.001) were predictive of Saskatchewan-based practice. Attending a high school outside of Saskatchewan (p < 0.05), a high school in a smaller population center (p < 0.001), and living in a small population centre at the time of application (p < 0.05) were predictive of rural-based practice within or outside of Saskatchewan. CONCLUSION Demographic characteristics collected at time of medical school application are associated with future Saskatchewan- and rural-based practice. These findings will guide admissions policies in Saskatchewan and may inform admission practices of other medical schools.
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Affiliation(s)
- Avery Ironside
- College of Medicine, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatchewan, Canada
| | - Brent Thoma
- College of Medicine, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatchewan, Canada
- Department of Emergency Medicine, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatchewan, Canada
- Clinical Educator, Royal College of Physicians and Surgeons of Canada, Ontario, Canada
| | - Krista Trinder
- College of Medicine, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatchewan, Canada
| | - Sherrill Bueckert
- College of Medicine, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatchewan, Canada
| | - Tara Lee
- College of Medicine, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatchewan, Canada
- Department of Family Medicine, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatchewan, Canada
| | - Trustin Domes
- College of Medicine, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatchewan, Canada
- Department of Surgery, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatchewan, Canada
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Hopper W, Zeller R, Burke R, Lindsey T. The association between operating margin and surgical diversity at Critical Access Hospitals. J Osteopath Med 2022; 122:339-345. [DOI: 10.1515/jom-2022-0028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2022] [Accepted: 03/02/2022] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
Context
Surgical volume is correlated with increased hospital profitability, yet many Critical Access Hospitals (CAHs) offer few or no inpatient surgical services.
Objectives
This study aims to investigate the impact of the presence of different inpatient surgical services on CAH profitability.
Methods
The study design was a cross-sectional analysis of financial data from the most recent fiscal year (FY) of 1299 CAHs. Multiple linear regression was utilized to assess how the operating margin was affected by the number of different inpatient surgical services offered per hospital. Covariates known to be associated with hospital profitability included occupancy rate, case mix index (CMI), system affiliation, ownership status (public, private, or nonprofit), and geographic region.
Results
The regression model for the CAH operating margin returned an R2 value of 0.18. Each additional inpatient surgical service corresponded to a 1.5% increase in operating margin (p=0.0413). Each 10% increase in occupancy rate and 0.1 increase in CMI corresponded to a 0.9% increase in operating margin (p=0.0032 and p=0.0176, respectively). The number of surgical services offered per CAH showed positive correlations with occupancy rate (r=0.23, p<0.0001) and CMI (r=0.59, p<0.0001).
Conclusions
A positive correlation exists between operating margin and the diversity of inpatient surgical specialties available at CAHs. Furthermore, providing surgery allows CAHs to accommodate higher occupancy rates and case mixes, both of which are significantly and positively correlated with CAH operating margin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wade Hopper
- Department of Surgery , Edward Via College of Osteopathic Medicine , Spartanburg , SC , USA
| | - Robert Zeller
- Department of Surgery , Edward Via College of Osteopathic Medicine , Spartanburg , SC , USA
| | - Rachel Burke
- Department of Surgery , Edward Via College of Osteopathic Medicine , Spartanburg , SC , USA
| | - Tom Lindsey
- Department of Surgery , Edward Via College of Osteopathic Medicine , Spartanburg , SC , USA
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Yan W, Gao X, Wang W, Zhou Z, Zou C, Lu Z. Job satisfaction of graduates of rural oriented medical students training project in Jiangsu Province, China: a cross-sectional study. BMC MEDICAL EDUCATION 2022; 22:9. [PMID: 34980072 PMCID: PMC8722068 DOI: 10.1186/s12909-021-03074-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2021] [Accepted: 12/08/2021] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The Chinese government has worked out the "Rural Oriented Medical Students Training Project" to address physician maldistribution, which attempted to train physicians for rural areas. The present study attempted to evaluate the job satisfaction of the graduates of this project in Jiangsu Province, China. METHODS Online questionnaires were sent to the graduates of the "Rural Oriented Medical Students Training Project" (group A) and their colleagues, who were rural physicians recruited from different sources (group B). The study was approved by the Ethics Committee of Xuzhou Medical University, and the approval number was 2,018,057. Information on demographic characteristics, work conditions, and self-reported satisfaction was collected to compare the satisfaction differences between the two recruited rural physicians using the Chi-square test and Mann-Whitney U test. Additionally, factors correlated to the satisfaction of group A were assessed using multivariate linear regression. Statistical analysis was performed using SPSS 23.0 (SPSS Inc., Chicago, IL, USA). P < 0.05 was considered statistically significant. RESULTS Group A exhibited moderate satisfaction (2.81 ± 0.687). The satisfaction score from the highest to the lowest was for occupational ecology, life satisfaction, stress, competency, and internal environment. Positive factors related to the satisfaction of group A were area, monthly income, working hours per week, professional title, and post. CONCLUSION The satisfaction of the graduates of the "Rural Oriented Medical Students Training Project" was moderate. Factors related to satisfaction included economic incentives, workload, and professional confidence. Possible solutions for increasing satisfaction should consist of economic support and possible ways to improve the professional identification of these graduates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenjun Yan
- Department of General Practice, School of Public Health, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, 221000, Jiangsu, China.
| | - Xiuyin Gao
- Department of General Practice, School of Public Health, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, 221000, Jiangsu, China
| | - Wei Wang
- Department of General Practice, School of Public Health, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, 221000, Jiangsu, China
| | - Zhengyu Zhou
- West-City Central Hospital, Lianyungang, 222100, Jiangsu, China
| | - Chao Zou
- Ma-an Community Health Centre, Nanjing, 211500, Jiangsu, China
| | - Zhaojun Lu
- Second Clinical Medical College, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, 221000, Jiangsu, China
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Walker J, Quaile M, Tumin D. Rural Employment of Health Care Workers: A Longitudinal Cohort Study. J Rural Health 2020; 37:705-713. [PMID: 33226683 DOI: 10.1111/jrh.12541] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Preserving and increasing the health care workforce in rural areas has become imperative due to the shortage of health care workers serving rural populations. However, limited data are available on long-term patterns of employment in rural settings among health care workers. METHODS We analyzed the National Longitudinal Survey of Youth, which enrolled a nationally representative sample of adolescents in 1979 and tracked their career outcomes through 2016. Using the US Census Bureau occupation codes, we identified participants who worked in health care occupations, and we classified their employment in rural versus urban areas. FINDINGS Of the 1,007 respondents (including 109 doctoral health professionals), 70% worked only in urban locations, 13% worked only in rural locations, and 17% worked in both rural and urban locations during their health care career. Rural upbringing, White race, and female gender were associated with rural employment. Among nondoctoral health professionals, lower educational attainment was associated with increased likelihood of working only in rural settings. CONCLUSION Our study indicates the rural workforce is split between workers who are only employed in rural settings, and those who are intermittently employed in rural and urban settings. Therefore, retention of health care workers in rural settings and recruitment of workers from urban settings to practice in rural areas are important strategies for addressing the rural health care worker shortage. Rural upbringing, previously described as predictive of physician practice in rural locations, appears the strongest predictor of rural employment for both doctoral health professionals and nondoctoral health professionals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jasmine Walker
- Department of Sociology, East Carolina University, Greenville, North Carolina
| | - Mary Quaile
- Brody School of Medicine at East Carolina University, Greenville, North Carolina
| | - Dmitry Tumin
- Department of Pediatrics, Brody School of Medicine at East Carolina University, Greenville, North Carolina
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Simon L, Beckmann D, Reidy P, Cohen M, Tobey M. Evaluation of an Interprofessional Student–Faculty Collaborative Clinic in a Jail. JOURNAL OF CORRECTIONAL HEALTH CARE 2019; 25:362-372. [DOI: 10.1177/1078345819880901] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Lisa Simon
- Harvard School of Dental Medicine, Boston, MA, USA
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | | | | | - Marya Cohen
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
- Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Matthew Tobey
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
- Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
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Malhi RL, Ornstein J, Myhre D. The impact of rural rotations on urban based postgraduate learners: A literature review. MEDICAL TEACHER 2019; 41:830-838. [PMID: 31043111 DOI: 10.1080/0142159x.2019.1588458] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/05/2023]
Abstract
Background/Objective: The rural physician shortage remains an international crisis. Rural rotations are commonly used to address the issue. This review assesses the published evidence of the impact of rural rotations on urban-based postgraduate learners. Methods: The OVID Medline database was searched for eligible articles published in peer-reviewed academic journals between 1980 and 2017. Data were extracted and analyzed to draw inferences about the impact of rural rotations on urban-based postgraduate learners. The methodological quality of included articles was assessed with the Medical Education Research Study Quality Instrument (MERSQI). Results: The search identified 301 articles; 19 studies met inclusion criteria (mean MERSQI score 11.95). Of the various rural rotation characteristics reported, duration was most consistently associated with the eventual rural practice. No consensus of impact was found for other characteristics. Our review provided indications of the cumulative effect of the postgraduate rural rotation, rural origin, and rural intent on rural practice decisions. Conclusions: The importance of rural rotations during urban postgraduate training for the outcome of rural practice is apparent. However, the reliance of medical educational systems on the rural rotation, specifically duration, does not accurately reflect the complexity of the choice to practice in a rural community.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rebecca L Malhi
- a Cumming School of Medicine , University of Calgary , Calgary , Alberta , Canada
| | - Jodie Ornstein
- a Cumming School of Medicine , University of Calgary , Calgary , Alberta , Canada
| | - Douglas Myhre
- a Cumming School of Medicine , University of Calgary , Calgary , Alberta , Canada
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MacQueen IT, Maggard-Gibbons M, Capra G, Raaen L, Ulloa JG, Shekelle PG, Miake-Lye I, Beroes JM, Hempel S. Recruiting Rural Healthcare Providers Today: a Systematic Review of Training Program Success and Determinants of Geographic Choices. J Gen Intern Med 2018; 33:191-199. [PMID: 29181791 PMCID: PMC5789104 DOI: 10.1007/s11606-017-4210-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2017] [Revised: 09/22/2017] [Accepted: 09/28/2017] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Rural areas have historically struggled with shortages of healthcare providers; however, advanced communication technologies have transformed rural healthcare, and practice in underserved areas has been recognized as a policy priority. This systematic review aims to assess reasons for current providers' geographic choices and the success of training programs aimed at increasing rural provider recruitment. METHODS This systematic review (PROSPERO: CRD42015025403) searched seven databases for published and gray literature on the current cohort of US rural healthcare practitioners (2005 to March 2017). Two reviewers independently screened citations for inclusion; one reviewer extracted data and assessed risk of bias, with a senior systematic reviewer checking the data; quality of evidence was assessed using the GRADE approach. RESULTS Of 7276 screened citations, we identified 31 studies exploring reasons for geographic choices and 24 studies documenting the impact of training programs. Growing up in a rural community is a key determinant and is consistently associated with choosing rural practice. Most existing studies assess physicians, and only a few are based on multivariate analyses that take competing and potentially correlated predictors into account. The success rate of placing providers-in-training in rural practice after graduation, on average, is 44% (range 20-84%; N = 31 programs). We did not identify program characteristics that are consistently associated with program success. Data are primarily based on rural tracks for medical residents. DISCUSSION The review provides insight into the relative importance of demographic characteristics and motivational factors in determining which providers should be targeted to maximize return on recruitment efforts. Existing programs exposing students to rural practice during their training are promising but require further refining. Public policy must include a specific focus on the trajectory of the healthcare workforce and must consider alternative models of healthcare delivery that promote a more diverse, interdisciplinary combination of providers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ian T MacQueen
- Department of Surgery, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles, CA, USA
- Veterans Affairs Greater Los Angeles Healthcare System, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Melinda Maggard-Gibbons
- Department of Surgery, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles, CA, USA
- Veterans Affairs Greater Los Angeles Healthcare System, Los Angeles, CA, USA
- Veterans Affairs/Robert Wood Johnson Clinical Scholars Program, UCLA, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Gina Capra
- National Association of Community Health Centers, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Laura Raaen
- Evidence-Based Practice Center, RAND Corporation, Santa Monica, CA, 90407, USA
| | - Jesus G Ulloa
- Veterans Affairs Greater Los Angeles Healthcare System, Los Angeles, CA, USA
- Veterans Affairs/Robert Wood Johnson Clinical Scholars Program, UCLA, Los Angeles, CA, USA
- Department of Surgery, UCSF Medical School, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Paul G Shekelle
- Veterans Affairs Greater Los Angeles Healthcare System, Los Angeles, CA, USA
- Evidence-Based Practice Center, RAND Corporation, Santa Monica, CA, 90407, USA
| | - Isomi Miake-Lye
- Veterans Affairs Greater Los Angeles Healthcare System, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Jessica M Beroes
- Veterans Affairs Greater Los Angeles Healthcare System, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Susanne Hempel
- Evidence-Based Practice Center, RAND Corporation, Santa Monica, CA, 90407, USA.
- Department of Health Policy and Management, UCLA Fielding School of Public Health, Los Angeles, CA, USA.
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Experiences of Genetic Counselors Practicing in Rural Areas. J Genet Couns 2017; 27:140-154. [PMID: 28831644 DOI: 10.1007/s10897-017-0131-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2016] [Accepted: 07/13/2017] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
In-person genetic counseling clinics in rural areas are likely to improve access to genetic counseling in underserved regions, but studies have not previously examined how these clinics function or described the experience of practicing in a rural setting. The present mixed-methods study explored the professional experiences of clinical genetic counselors who practice in rural areas, including the benefits and challenges of practicing in these settings and the counselors' motivations for doing so. The authors surveyed 20 genetic counselors who self-reported working in rural areas and conducted interviews with six individuals whose workplaces were confirmed as rural per RUCA code. Major obstacles to the provision of genetics services in rural areas included travel distance and low referral rates due to lack of awareness or skepticism. Facilitating factors included relying on resources such as professional networks and prioritizing outreach and education. Participants reported high professional satisfaction and were motivated to work in rural areas by personal experiences and qualities of the job such as being a generalist and having greater professional autonomy. These data demonstrate the feasibility of practicing in rural settings and suggest that in-person rural genetic counseling clinics may complement other strategies such as alternative service delivery models in increasing access for rural residents.
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Shannon CK, Price SS, Jackson J. Predicting Rural Practice and Service to Indigent Patients: Survey of Dental Students Before and After Rural Community Rotations. J Dent Educ 2016. [DOI: 10.1002/j.0022-0337.2016.80.10.tb06200.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Jodie Jackson
- Institute for Community and Rural Health; Robert C. Byrd Health Sciences Center; West Virginia University
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