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Stevens R, Kanazono S, Petesch S, Guo LT, Shelton GD. Dystrophin-Deficient Muscular Dystrophy in Two Male Juvenile Brittanys. J Am Anim Hosp Assoc 2022; 58:292-296. [PMID: 36315862 DOI: 10.5326/jaaha-ms-7255] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 01/31/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
A 6 mo old and a 7 mo old male intact Brittany were presented for progressive exercise intolerance, failure to grow, and dysphagia. Creatine kinase activity was markedly and persistently elevated in both dogs. Based on the neurological examination, clinical signs localized to the neuromuscular system. Electromyography revealed complex repetitive discharges in multiple muscle groups. Immunofluorescence of biopsies confirmed dystrophin-deficient muscular dystrophy. This is the first report describing dystrophin-deficient muscular dystrophy in the Brittany breed. Currently, no specific therapies are available for this form of myopathy. The presence of dystrophin deficiency in the two dogs suggests an inherited myopathy rather than a spontaneous mutation. The location of the dogs in the United States and Japan suggests a wide distribution of this dystrophy and should alert clinicians to the existence of this myopathy in the Brittany breed. A mutation in the DMD gene has not yet been identified.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rebecca Stevens
- From Burlington Emergency and Veterinary Specialists, Williston, Vermont (R.S.)
| | | | - Scott Petesch
- Department of Clinical Sciences and Advanced Medicine, University of Pennsylvania School of Veterinary Medicine, Matthew J. Ryan Veterinary Hospital, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania (S.P.)
| | - Ling T Guo
- Department of Pathology, School of Medicine, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, California (L.T.G., G.D.S.)
| | - G Diane Shelton
- Department of Pathology, School of Medicine, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, California (L.T.G., G.D.S.)
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Sakai K, Motegi T, Chambers JK, Uchida K, Nishida H, Shimamura S, Tani H, Shimada T, Furuya M. Dystrophin-deficient muscular dystrophy in a Toy Poodle with a single base pair insertion in exon 45 of the Duchenne muscular dystrophy gene. J Vet Med Sci 2022; 84:502-506. [PMID: 35135937 PMCID: PMC9096033 DOI: 10.1292/jvms.21-0504] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
A 10-month-old, intact male Toy Poodle was referred for a postural abnormality. Blood biochemical tests revealed a marked increase in plasma creatine phosphokinase (CPK) concentration. The isoenzyme test showed that 99% of serum CPK consisted of CPK-MM. Histopathological evaluation of muscle biopsy samples confirmed scattered degeneration and necrosis of myofibers. Immunohistochemistry for dystrophin showed an absence of staining in muscle cells. Based on these findings, the dog was diagnosed with dystrophin-deficient muscular dystrophy. Whole genome sequencing using genomic DNA extracted from blood revealed a single base pair insertion in exon 45 of the Duchenne muscular dystrophy (DMD) gene. This is the first report on muscular dystrophy in Toy Poodles and identified a novel mutation in the DMD gene.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kosei Sakai
- Veterinary Medical Center, Graduate School of Life and Environmental Sciences, Osaka Prefecture University
| | - Tomoki Motegi
- Department of Veterinary Clinical Pathobiology, Graduate School of Agricultural and Life Sciences, The University of Tokyo
| | - James Ken Chambers
- Department of Veterinary Pathology, Graduate School of Agricultural and Life Sciences, The University of Tokyo
| | - Kazuyuki Uchida
- Department of Veterinary Pathology, Graduate School of Agricultural and Life Sciences, The University of Tokyo
| | - Hidetaka Nishida
- Laboratory of Veterinary Surgery, Graduate School of Life and Environmental Sciences, Osaka Prefecture University
| | - Shunsuke Shimamura
- Veterinary Medical Center, Graduate School of Life and Environmental Sciences, Osaka Prefecture University
| | - Hiroyuki Tani
- Laboratory of Veterinary Internal Medicine, Graduate School of Life and Environmental Sciences, Osaka Prefecture University
| | - Terumasa Shimada
- Veterinary Medical Center, Graduate School of Life and Environmental Sciences, Osaka Prefecture University
| | - Masaru Furuya
- Laboratory of Veterinary Internal Medicine, Graduate School of Life and Environmental Sciences, Osaka Prefecture University
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Nghiem PP, Bello L, Balog-Alvarez C, López SM, Bettis A, Barnett H, Hernandez B, Schatzberg SJ, Piercy RJ, Kornegay JN. Whole genome sequencing reveals a 7 base-pair deletion in DMD exon 42 in a dog with muscular dystrophy. Mamm Genome 2016; 28:106-113. [PMID: 28028563 PMCID: PMC5371640 DOI: 10.1007/s00335-016-9675-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2016] [Accepted: 12/07/2016] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
Dystrophin is a key cytoskeletal protein coded by the Duchenne muscular dystrophy (DMD) gene located on the X-chromosome. Truncating mutations in the DMD gene cause loss of dystrophin and the classical DMD clinical syndrome. Spontaneous DMD gene mutations and associated phenotypes occur in several other species. The mdx mouse model and the golden retriever muscular dystrophy (GRMD) canine model have been used extensively to study DMD disease pathogenesis and show efficacy and side effects of putative treatments. Certain DMD gene mutations in high-risk, the so-called hot spot areas can be particularly helpful in modeling molecular therapies. Identification of specific mutations has been greatly enhanced by new genomic methods. Whole genome, next generation sequencing (WGS) has been recently used to define DMD patient mutations, but has not been used in dystrophic dogs. A dystrophin-deficient Cavalier King Charles Spaniel (CKCS) dog was evaluated at the functional, histopathological, biochemical, and molecular level. The affected dog's phenotype was compared to the previously reported canine dystrophinopathies. WGS was then used to detect a 7 base pair deletion in DMD exon 42 (c.6051-6057delTCTCAAT mRNA), predicting a frameshift in gene transcription and truncation of dystrophin protein translation. The deletion was confirmed with conventional PCR and Sanger sequencing. This mutation is in a secondary DMD gene hotspot area distinct from the one identified earlier at the 5' donor splice site of intron 50 in the CKCS breed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peter P Nghiem
- Department of Veterinary Integrative Biosciences (Mail Stop 4458), College of Veterinary Medicine, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, 77843-4458, USA.
| | - Luca Bello
- Department of Neurosciences, University of Padova, Via Giustiniani 5, 35128, Padova, Italy
| | - Cindy Balog-Alvarez
- Department of Veterinary Integrative Biosciences (Mail Stop 4458), College of Veterinary Medicine, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, 77843-4458, USA
| | - Sara Mata López
- Department of Veterinary Integrative Biosciences (Mail Stop 4458), College of Veterinary Medicine, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, 77843-4458, USA
| | - Amanda Bettis
- Department of Veterinary Integrative Biosciences (Mail Stop 4458), College of Veterinary Medicine, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, 77843-4458, USA
| | - Heather Barnett
- Department of Veterinary Integrative Biosciences (Mail Stop 4458), College of Veterinary Medicine, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, 77843-4458, USA
| | - Briana Hernandez
- Department of Veterinary Integrative Biosciences (Mail Stop 4458), College of Veterinary Medicine, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, 77843-4458, USA
| | - Scott J Schatzberg
- Veterinary Emergency and Specialty Center of Santa Fe, 2001 Vivigen Way, Santa Fe, NM, 87505, USA
| | - Richard J Piercy
- Department of Clinical Sciences and Services, Royal Veterinary College, London, UK
| | - Joe N Kornegay
- Department of Veterinary Integrative Biosciences (Mail Stop 4458), College of Veterinary Medicine, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, 77843-4458, USA
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Vilquin JT. [Not Available]. Med Sci (Paris) 2015; 31 Spec No 3:30-1. [PMID: 26546929 DOI: 10.1051/medsci/201531s308] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Jean-Thomas Vilquin
- Centre de de Recherche en Myologie, Sorbonne Universités, UPMC - Inserm UMRS 974, CNRS FRE 3617, Institut de Myologie, Groupe Hospitalier Pitié-Salpêtrière, Paris, France
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Jenkins CA, Forman OP. Identification of a novel frameshift mutation in the DMD gene as the cause of muscular dystrophy in a Norfolk terrier dog. Canine Genet Epidemiol 2015; 2:7. [PMID: 26401335 PMCID: PMC4579383 DOI: 10.1186/s40575-015-0019-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2015] [Accepted: 04/17/2015] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Background A Norfolk terrier was referred to the Animal Health Trust neurology department with suspected dystrophin-deficient muscular dystrophy (DD-MD), which was confirmed by clinical workup and immunohistochemistry. Findings Exon resequencing of the canine Duchenne Muscular Dystrophy (DMD) gene was undertaken to screen for potential disease causing mutations. The sequence data generated from all coding DMD exons revealed a 1 bp deletion in exon 22, causing a frameshift and premature termination of the coding sequence. Gene expression analysis indicated reduced levels of dystrophin transcript in the DD-MD case and western blot confirmed the absence of full length protein. Conclusions The finding represents a novel mutation causing DD-MD in the dog. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s40575-015-0019-4) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christopher A Jenkins
- Kennel Club Genetics Centre, Animal Health Trust, Kentford, Newmarket, Suffolk CB8 7UU UK
| | - Oliver P Forman
- Kennel Club Genetics Centre, Animal Health Trust, Kentford, Newmarket, Suffolk CB8 7UU UK
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Duan D. Duchenne muscular dystrophy gene therapy in the canine model. HUM GENE THER CL DEV 2015; 26:57-69. [PMID: 25710459 PMCID: PMC4442571 DOI: 10.1089/humc.2015.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2015] [Accepted: 01/13/2015] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Duchenne muscular dystrophy (DMD) is an X-linked lethal muscle disease caused by dystrophin deficiency. Gene therapy has significantly improved the outcome of dystrophin-deficient mice. Yet, clinical translation has not resulted in the expected benefits in human patients. This translational gap is largely because of the insufficient modeling of DMD in mice. Specifically, mice lacking dystrophin show minimum dystrophic symptoms, and they do not respond to the gene therapy vector in the same way as human patients do. Further, the size of a mouse is hundredfolds smaller than a boy, making it impossible to scale-up gene therapy in a mouse model. None of these limitations exist in the canine DMD (cDMD) model. For this reason, cDMD dogs have been considered a highly valuable platform to test experimental DMD gene therapy. Over the last three decades, a variety of gene therapy approaches have been evaluated in cDMD dogs using a number of nonviral and viral vectors. These studies have provided critical insight for the development of an effective gene therapy protocol in human patients. This review discusses the history, current status, and future directions of the DMD gene therapy in the canine model.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dongsheng Duan
- Department of Molecular Microbiology and Immunology, Department of Neurology School of Medicine, University of Missouri , Columbia, MO 65212
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